Optics and Optical Instruments (Paperback)

B.K. Johnson

ISBN 10: 0486606422 / ISBN 13: 9780486606422

Editore: Dover Publications Inc., New York, 2003

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Paperback. This book illustrates basic practical applications of optical principle. Working models of telescopes, microscopes, photographic lenses, and optical projection systems are diagrammed and explained in full, as are the basic experiments for determining accuracy, power, angular field of view, amount of aberration, and all other necessary facts about the instrument. Throughout the book, only elementary mathematics is used, for the benefit of the student and the beginner in the field of optics.The author, an assistant professor at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, shows how to set up working models of each of the four types of instruments named above, so that the reader can see for himself the effects of changing the focal length, using different types of lenses, rotating the lens, and other experiments. He also includes a number of experiments to illustrate theoretical principles such as the reflection and refraction of light and focal length measurements of concave and convex lenses.A chapter on the human eye follows, and the author explains how to set up a simple working model of the eye in order to illustrate myopia, astigmatism, hypermetropia, and the visual acuity of the eye. Professor Johnson concludes with an important chapter on the working and testing of optical glass, in which he describes the roughing of lenses, the principles of the grinding and polishing processes, abrasives, edging, angle measurement, and other important steps in the production of optical glass. An appendix is included on the cleaning of glass surfaces, silvering, photographic items, developers, collodion films, and waxes and cements used for various purposes in optical work.This is a valuable work for the student and the amateur hobbyist as well as for many who use optical instruments in science and industry. It is written clearly and economically, with the needs of the practical worker in the field of optics held constantly in mind. Practical guide shows how to set up working models of telescopes, microscopes, photographic lenses and projecting systems; how to conduct experiments for determining accuracy, resolving power, more. 234 diagrams. Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability.

Codice articolo 9780486606422

Dati bibliografici

• Titolo: Optics and Optical Instruments (Paperback)
• Editore: Dover Publications Inc., New York
• Data di pubblicazione: 2003
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 0486606422
• ISBN 13: 9780486606422
• Rilegatura: Paperback
• Edizione: terza edizione
• Condizione: new

Descrizione articolo

Riassunto

This book illustrates basic practical applications of optical principle. Working models of telescopes, microscopes, photographic lenses, and optical projection systems are diagrammed and explained in full, as are the basic experiments for determining accuracy, power, angular field of view, amount of aberration, and all other necessary facts about the instrument. Throughout the book, only elementary mathematics is used, for the benefit of the student and the beginner in the field of optics.
The author, an assistant professor at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, shows how to set up working models of each of the four types of instruments named above, so that the reader can see for himself the effects of changing the focal length, using different types of lenses, rotating the lens, and other experiments. He also includes a number of experiments to illustrate theoretical principles such as the reflection and refraction of light and focal length measurements of concave and convex lenses.
A chapter on the human eye follows, and the author explains how to set up a simple working model of the eye in order to illustrate myopia, astigmatism, hypermetropia, and the visual acuity of the eye. Professor Johnson concludes with an important chapter on the working and testing of optical glass, in which he describes the roughing of lenses, the principles of the grinding and polishing processes, abrasives, edging, angle measurement, and other important steps in the production of optical glass. An appendix is included on the cleaning of glass surfaces, silvering, photographic items, developers, collodion films, and waxes and cements used for various purposes in optical work.
This is a valuable work for the student and the amateur hobbyist as well as for many who use optical instruments in science and industry. It is written clearly and economically, with the needs of the practical worker in the field of optics held constantly in mind.

Contenuti

CHAPTER I-REFLECTION AND REFRACTION "Experiments illustrating reflection at single, double and multiple mirrors" "Principles of periscope, binocular prism, roof edge reflection, pentagonal prism, tetrahedron" Concave and convex mirrors Laws of refraction Critical angle and internal reflection Action of lenses "Ray tracing methods, graphical and trigonometrical" CHAPTER II-FOCAL LENGTH MEASUREMENTS Optical bench "Focal lengths of " thin " positive and negative lenses" Two thin lenses in contact Two thin lenses separated Newton's method "Focal length of " thick " lenses" Magnification method Foco-collimator Collimator Nodal slide method CHAPTER III-THE EYE General description with named parts and optical data Schematic eye Emmetropia and ametropia Correction of myopia and hypermetropia Working model of human eye Resolving power of eye Visual acuity limits Tests and theoretical explanations CHAPTER IV-THE TELESCOPE "Model telescopes, astronomical and Galilean types" Measurement of magnification and angular field of view Entrance and exit pupils "Models of Huygenian, Ramsden and four-lens terrestrial eyepieces" Types of object glass and eyepieces used commerically "Tests on telescopes for definition, squaring-on, strain, stray light" "Resolving power, theory and practical tests" Necessary power of eyepiece Binocular telescopic instruments Angular accommodation Appartus for adjusting binocular telescopes Wide field of view sighting telescopes Variable power telescopes CHAPTER V-THE MICROSCOPE Hand magnifiers "Compound microscope, optical bench models and modern instruments" Correct setting up of the microscope Numerical aperture Apertometers "Resolving power, theory and practical testing" Necessary magnification to employ Photo-micrography Opaque objects Ultra-violet microscopy at various wavelengths Reflection microscopes Electron microscope CHAPTER VI-PHOTOGRAPHIC LENSES Aberrations Principles for reducing coma and astigmatism "Optical bench models illustrating definition performance for meniscus, symmetrical and anastigmat types of photographic lenses" Theory with numerical examples illustrating the advantages of various types of glass Measurement of astigmatic fields Telephoto lenses Complete tests on photographic lenses "Resolving power, theory and practical tests" "Depth of focus, image space and object space" Schmidt camera CHAPTER VII-OPTICAL PROJECTION SYSTEMS Measurement of solid angle "Intrinsic brightness, transmission factors, intensity of illumination on projection screens" Sources of light for projection purposes Projection of transparencies Loss of light in projection systems Projection of opaque objects "Searchlights, signaling lamps, headlights" Projection in engineering practice Physical experiments Microprojection "Lighthouse projection systems, marine lanterns, railway signal lamps" CHAPTER VIII-OPTICAL GLASS: ITS WORKING AND TESTING Advantages of a variety in optical glasses Production of optical glass Annealing Strain Homogeneity Optical constants Refractometry "Glass working, principles of grinding and polishing processes" Abrasives "Edging, radius of curvature measurements, mechanical and optical" "Test plates, flat and curved" Methods of producing test plates "Angle measurement, goniometer, auto-collimator, naked eye tests" Non-reflecting films on glass APPENDIX Cleaning of glass surfaces Breath figures Balsaming Viscometer for pitch and balsam Silvering Photographic items Graticules Developers Webs Collodion films Waxes and cements Sources of light INDEX