Oxygen Transport to Tissue : Instrumentation, Methods, and Physiology

It can honestly be said that the scope and magnitude of this meeting surpassed initial expectations with respect to the number and quality of the papers presented. Our group has grown since we last met in Dortmund in 1971. This is a good indication that a spiraling of our interests has taken place with the effects of the initial good work felt, not just in one corner of the globe, but in all four. With such a start, it was only appropriate that an international society was formed at the meeting to further coordinate our mutual undertaking. Henceforth it shall be known as the International Society of Oxygen Transport to Tissue. A final note of acknowledgement should be made to those who were in the supporting cast, not only in making the meeting in Charleston and Clemson a success, but also in the compiling of this book. Gratitude is due to Dr. Daniel H. Hunt for his efforts, the end product of which you have in your hands. Considerable service was rendered by Mr. Robert J. Adams, Mr. Buddy Bell and Mr. Nathan Kaufman during the symposium itself. Much typing, organizing and record keeping was done by our lovely secretaries, Laura B. Grove, Muff Graham and Kaye Y. Zook.

of Volume 1.- Welcome!.- The Oxygen Micro-Electrode.- Intracellular Oxygen Microelectrodes.- Standardization of Producing Needle Electrodes.- High Speed Pulsatile Operation of Miniature Oxygen Electrodes.- Absolute PO2-Measurements with Pt-Electrodes Applying Polarizing Voltage Pulsing.- Spectrophotometric Examination of Tissue Oxygenation.- A New Histochemical Stain for Intracellular Oxygen.- Analysis of Gas Transport in Lungless and Gill-less Salamanders Using Inert Gas Washout Techniques.- Measurement of Tissue Gas Levels with a Mass Spectrometer.- Analysis of Diffusion Limitations on a Catheter Imbedded in Body Tissues.- Dual Wavelength Micro-oximeter of Hamster Whole Blood In Vitro.- P50 Determinations: Techniques and Clinical Importance.- Catheterizable Absolute Photometer.- Clinical Use of a New Intra-arterial Catheter Electrode System.- Problems of Transcutaneous Measurement of Arterial Blood Gases.- Flow Limited Properties of Teflon and Silicone Diffusion Membranes.- Differential Anodic Enzyme Polarography for the Measurement of Glucose.- Problems Involved in the Measurement of Microcirculation by Means of Microelectrodes.- Effect of Plasma Inorganic Phosphate on Tissue Oxygenation During Recovery from Diabetic Ketoacidosis.- Effects of Reduced 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate on Oxygen Release from Blood of Alloxan Diabetic Rats: Myocardial Cellular Hypoxia.- 2,3-DPG-Induced Displacements of the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve of Blood: Mechanisms and Consequences.- Evidence for a Relationship between 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate-Depleted Red Blood Cells, Slow Oxygen Release and Myocardial Ischemia.- The Oxygen-Affinity of Hemoglobin: Influence of Blood Replacement and Hemodilution after Cardiac Surgery.- Analysis of 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate-Mediated, Hemoglobin-Facilitated Oxygen Transport in Terms of the Adair Reaction Mechanism.- Discussion of Subsession: DPG.- Autoregulation of Oxygen Supply to Brain Tissue (Introductory Paper).- Local PO2 in Relation to Intracellular pH, Cell Membrane Potential and Potassium Leakage in Hypoxia and Shock.- Energy-Rich Metabolites and EEG in Hypoxia and in Hypercapnia.- A New Long-Term Method for the Measurement of NADH Fluorescence in Intact Rat Brain with Chronically Implanted Cannula.- Actions of Hypoxia and Hypercapnia on Single Mammalian Neurons.- Response of Feline Brain Tissue to Oscillating Arterial pO2.- Changes of Oxygen Supply to the Tissue Following Intravenous Application of Anesthetic Drugs.- Local PO2 and O2-Consumption in the Isolated Sciatic Nerve.- Basic Principles of Tissue Oxygen Determination from Mitochondrial Signals.- Selective Vulnerability of the Central Nervous System to Hyperbaric Oxygen.- Oxygen Tensions in the Deep Gray Matter of Rats Exposed to Hyperbaric Oxygen.- The Interdependence of Respiratory Gas Values and pH as a Function of Base Excess in Human Blood at 37°C.- Regulatory Dysfunction of Microvasculature and Catecholamine Metabolism in Spinal Cord Injury.- The Effect on Cerebral Energy Metabolites of the Cyanate Produced Shift of the Oxygen Saturation Curve.- On the Accuracy of an Improved Method for the Measurement of O2-Dissociation-Curves According to Niesel and Thews, 1961.- Discussion of Subsession: Brain.- Homeostasis of Oxygen Supply in Liver and Kidney.- Tissue PO2 Levels in the Liver of Warm and Cold Rats Artificially Respired with Different Mixtures of O2 and CO2.- Preservation of ATP in the Perfused Liver.- Influence of Hemoglobin Concentration in Perfusate and in Blood on Fluorescence of Pyridine Nucleotides (NADH and NADPH) of Rat Liver.- Studies of Oxygen Supply of Liver Grafts.- A Contribution Concerning the Unsettled Problem of Intrasplenic Microcirculation.- The Local Oxygen Supply in Tissue of Abdominal Viscera and of Skeletal Muscle in Extreme Hemodilution with Stromafree Hemoglobin Solution.- Respiratory Gas Exchange and pO2 — Distribution in Splenic Tissue.- Renal Tissue Oxygenation During Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Left Heart Bypass.- New Aspects on the Mechanism of Autoregulation of Blood Flow.- Sympathetic Nervous Control of Intestinal O2 Extraction.- Discussion of Subsession: Abdominal Organs.- Oxygen Autoregulation in Skeletal Muscle.- Intrinsic Metabolic Regulation of Blood Flow, O2 Extraction and Tissue O2 Delivery in Dog Skeletal Muscle.- Regional Heterogeneity of $${P_{C{O_2}}}$$ and $${P_{{O_2}}}$$ in Skeletal Muscle.- Discussion of Subsession: Muscle.- Signs of Hypoxia in the Small Intestine of the Rat During Hemorrhagic Shock.- Blood and Tissue Oxygenation During Hemorrhagic Shock as Determined with Ultramicro Oxygen Electrodes.- Local and Whole Organ Renal Oxygenation under Hemorrhagic Shock.- Factors Determining Total Body and Hind Limb Oxygen Consumption in Normal and Shocked Dogs.- Oxygen Transport Changes after Transfusion with Stored Blood in a Hemorrhagic Canine Model.- Local Oxygen Supply in Intra-Abdominal Organs and in Skeletal Muscle During Hemorrhagic Shock.- Discussion of Subsession: Shock.- O2 and the Number and Arrangement of Coronary Capillaries: Effect on Calculated Tissue PO2.- Respiratory Gas Transport in Heart.- The Histogram of Local Oxygen Pressure (PO2) in the Dog Myocardium and the PO2 Behavior During Transitory Changes of Oxygen Administration.- Simultaneous Measurement of Regional Blood Flow and Oxygen Pressure in the Dog Myocardium During Coronary Occlusion or Hypoxic Hypoxia.- Mass Spectrometry for Measuring Changes in Intramyocardial pO2 and pCO2.- Effect of Increasing Heart Rate by Atrial Pacing on Myocardial Tissue Oxygen Tension.- Oxygen Consumption and Convective Transport During Cardio-pulmonary Bypass.- Red Cell Washout from the Coronary Vessels of Isolated Feline Hearts.- Mean Myoglobin Oxygen Tension in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle.- Discussion of Subsession: Heart.- Microvascular Diameter Changes During Local Blood Flow Regulation: Independence of Changes in PO2.- Activity of Chemoreceptor Fibers in the Sinus Nerve and Tissue PO2 in the Carotid Body of the Cat.- Role of the Carotid Chemoreflexes in the Regulation of Arterial Oxygen Pressure.- The Oxygen Barrier in the Carotid Body of Cat and Rabbit.- Role of the Carotid Chemoreceptors in the Adjustment of Arterial Blood Pressure to Hypoxia.- Discussion of Subsession: Vascular Chemoreceptors and Oxygen Barrier.- Summary — Sessions I and II.