Oxygen Transport to Tissue XI

The Ottawa '88 meeting of the International Society for Oxygen Transport to Tissue attracted a record number of participants and presentations. We were able to avoid simultaneous sessions and still keep the scientific program to four days by using poster sessions followed by plenary debate on each poster. To paraphrase the British physicist David Bohm, we tried to avoid an ordinary discussion, in which people usually stick to a relatively fixed position and try to convince others to change. This situation does not give rise to anything creative. So, we attempted instead to establish a true dialogue in which a person may prefer and support a certain point of view, but does not hold it nonnegotiab1y. He or she is ready to listen to others with sufficient sympathy, and is also ready to change his or her own view if there is a good reason to do so. Our Society is in its "teen" years, and there are even some arguments about its exact age. Many newer members have raised questions concerning the history of the Society. For this reason, I have asked one of the "founding fathers", D. Bruley, to prepare a brief account of the birth and early history of the Society which appears on the following page.

Optical Spectroscopy of Living Tissue.- Multicomponent Analysis of Near-Infrared Spectra of Anesthetized Rat Head: (I) Estimation of Component Spectra by Principal Component Analysis.- Multicomponent Analysis of Near-Infrared Spectra of Anesthetized Rat Head: (II) Quantitative Multivariate Analysis of Hemoglobin and Cytochrome Oxidase by Non-Negative Least Squares Method.- Time Resolved Spectroscopic (TRS) and Continuous Wave Spectroscopic (CWS) Studies of Photon Migration in Human Arms and Limbs.- A CCD Spectrophotometer to Quantitate the Concentration of Chromophores in Living Tissue Utilizing the Absorption Peak of Water at 975 nm.- Quantitation of Pathlength in Optical Spectroscopy.- Determination of Cerebral Venous Hemoglobin Saturation by Derivative Near Infrared Spectroscopy.- Near Infrared Determined Cerebral Transit Time and Oxy- and Deoxyhemoglobin Relationships During Hemorrhagic Hypotension in the Dog.- Near Infrared Quadruple Wavelength Spectrophometry of the Rat Head.- Oxygen Dependency of the Redux State of Heme and Copper Cytochrome Oxidase In Vitro.- Exponential Attenuation of Light Along Non-Linear Path Through the Biological Model.- Behavior of the Copper Band of Cytochrome C Oxidase in Rat Brain During FC-43-For-Blood Substitution.- Toward Absolute Reflectance Oximetry: I. Theoretical Consideration for Noninvasive Tissue Reflectance Oximetry.- New Instrument for Monitoring Hemoglobin Oxygenation.- Oxygen Distribution in Isolated Perfused Liver Observed by Phosphorescence Imaging.- Other Methods and Instrumentation.- The Use of Conductive Thermoplastic Wires as Oxygen Sensors in Microwave Fields.- Microelectrode Studies of Facilitated O2 Transport Across Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Layers.- Potentiometric Polarographic PO2 Electrode (PO2-PPE).- The Hydrogen Gas Clearance Method for Liver Blood Flow Examination: Inhalation or Local Application of Hydrogen?.- The Overall Fractionation Effect of Isotopic Oxygen Molecules During Oxygen Transport and Utilization in Humans.- Evaluation of Heparin-Coated PO2 Electrode for Continuous Intravasal PO2 Monitoring.- Mathematical Models.- Buffering of Muscle Tissue PO2 Levels by the Superposition of the Oxygen Field from Many Capillaries.- Effects of Red Cell Spacing and Red Cell Movement Upon Oxygen Release Under Conditions of Maximally Working Skeletal Muscle.- Calculation of Oxygen Pressures and Fluxes in a Flat Plane Perpendicular to Any Capillary Distribution.- Structured Modeling and Simulation of Oxygen Transport to Hybridoma Cell in a Suspension Culture: Theoretical Analysis.- Relationship Between the Transfer Rate and the Difference in Partial Pressure of Gas Molecules at a Heterogeneous Interface.- Measurements of Oxygen Flux from Arterioles Imply High Permeability of Perfused Tissue to Oxygen.- PO2 Histograms in Various Models of Tissue Oxygenation in Skeletal Muscle.- Tissue Geometry.- Spatial Distribution of Coronary Capillaries: A-V Segment Staggering.- Fractal Networks Explain Regional Myocardial Flow Heterogeneity.- Capillary Spatial Pattern and Muscle Fiber Geometry in Three Hamster Striated Muscles.- Quantifying Capillary Distribution in Four Dimensions.- Influence of Muscle Phenotype on Local Capillary Supply.- Computer Simulation of Cerebral Microhemodynamics.- Muscle Fiber Size and Chronic Exposure to Hypoxia.- Capillary Lengths and Anastomoses in Rat Hindlimb Muscles, Studied by Aqualak Perfusion During Rest Versus Exercise.- Blood and Blood Substitutes.- Myocardial Oxygen Transport During Leftward Shifts of the Oxygen Dissociation Curve by Carbamylation or Hypothermia.- Low Viscosity of Densely and Highly Polymerized Human Hemoglobin in Aqueous Solution — the Problem of Stability.- The Nature of Fluorocarbon Enhanced Cerebral Oxygen Transport.- The Effect of Fluorocarbon Emulsion on Placental Insufficiency.- Adenosine Deaminase in Stroma-Free Hemoglobin Solution Is Not Responsible for Coronary Vasoconstriction.- Oxygen Binding of Modified Hemoglobins in Solution.- Intrauterine Growth Retardation Related to Maternal Erythrocyte Oxygen Transport.- Tissue Oxygenation After Prolonged Ischemia in Skeletal Muscle I Therapeutic Effect of Prophylactic Isovolemic Hemodilution.- Hyperoxic Intubation Apnoea: An In Vivo Model for the Proof of the Christiansen-Douglas-Haldane Effect.- Fractionation of Oxygen Isotopes Due to Equilibration of Oxygen with Hemoglobin.- The Effect of Hyperchylomicronaemia on Oxygen Affinity in Human Blood.- Alterations in Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve During Normoxic Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution.- See also: D. K. Harrison et al. in Skeletal Muscle.- H. Vogel et al. in Blood and Blood Substitutes.- Central Nervous System.- Effects of Nimodipine on the Responses to Cerebral Ischemia in the Mongolian Gerbil.- Hematocrit Changes in the Extra- and Intraparenchymal Circulation of the Feline Brain Cortex in the Course of Global Cerebral Ischemia.- Tissue Oxygen Tension in the Cerebral Cortex of the Rabbit.- The Effect of Calcium Entry Blocker S-Emopamil on Cerebrocortical Metabolism and Blood Flow Changes Evoked by Graded Hypotension.- Changes in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Sucrose Space After 3-4 Weeks of Hypobaric Hypoxia (0.5 ATM).- Effect of Emopamil on Cerebrocortical Microcirculation During Hypoxia and Reactive Hyperemia and on [K+]e, pH, pO2 Changes During and After N2 Anoxia.- See also: L.C. Clark et al. in Blood and Blood Substitutes.- E. Dora et al. in Cardiovascular System.- M. Ferrari et al. in Optical Spectroscopy of Living Tissue.- C.A. Piantadosi in Optical Spectroscopy of Living Tissue.- Cardiovascular System.- Limitation of Long Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation in Volume Overloaded Rat Hearts.- Hypoxia in Saline-Perfused Heart May Be Due to Mismatch of Regional Metabolism and Perfusion.- Oxygen Delivery and Performance in the Isolated, Perfused Rat Heart: Comparison of Perfusion with Aqueous and Perfluorocarbon — Containing Media.- The Effect of IABP on Left Ventricular Contractility of the Normal and Ischemic Canine Heart Assessed in-Situ by T-Emax.- The Influence of Different Anesthetics on the Oxygen Delivery To and Consumption of the Heart.- Mechanism of Hemoglobin-Induced Spasm in the Isolated Middle Cerebral Artery of the Cat.- Variation in Axial Velocity Profile of Red Cells Passing Through a Single Capillary.- 31P NMR Studies of the Metabolic Status of Pig Hearts Preserved for Transplantation.- Oxygen Supply of the Myocardium.- The Oxygen Dependence of the Energy State of Cardiac Tissue: P-31NMR and Optical Measurement of Myoglobin in Perfused Rat Heart.- The Interaction Between Oxygen and Vascular Wall.- Regulation of Capillary Blood Flow: A New Concept.- Precapillary O2 Loss and Arteriovenous O2 Diffusion Shunt are Below Limit of Detection in Myocardium.- Regional Differences in the Regulation of Contraction-Relaxation Machinery of Vascular Smooth Muscle.- The Effects of Temperature and Buffer Concentration on the Metabolism of Human Atrial Appendages Measured By 31P and H NMR.- Effects of Leukocyte-Derived Oxidants on Sarcolemmal Na, K, ATP-ase and Calcium Transport.- Hemodynamic Responses to Vasoactive Compounds in Chronically Alcohol Treated Rats.- Does the Area at Risk of Infarction Change Over Time?.- Hemodilution and Myocardial Oxygen Supply. The Influence of Fluosol-DA.- The Effect of Acetylcholine on Regional Myocardial O2 Consumption and Coronary Blood Flow in the Rabbit Heart.- Influences of Different Routinely Used Muscle Relaxants on Oxygen Delivery to and Oxygen Consumption by the Heart During Xenon-Anesthesia.- See also: R.W. Baer in Blood and Blood Substitutes.- S. Batra et al. in Tissue Geometry.- J.H.G.M. van Beek et al. in Tissue Geometry.- K. Lawless et al. in Blood and Blood Substitutes.- Skeletal Muscle.- Central Reflex Effects of Hypoxia on Muscle Oxygenation.- How Phosphocreatine Buffers Cyclic Changes in ATP Demand in Working Muscle.- Capillary Blood Flow and Local Oxygen Supply in Skeletal Muscle During Acute Haemodilution with Hydroxyethyl Starch.- Influence of Prostaglandin E2 on Muscular Tissue-PO2 in Patients with Diabetic Gangrene.- Maximal O2 Uptake Limitation in Contracting Skeletal Muscle During Carbon Monoxide Hypoxia.- Development of Muscular Tissue PO2 After Vascular Reconstructive Surgery.- Spatial and Temporal Variability of Blood Flow in Stimulated Dog Gastrocnemius Muscle.- Muscle O2 Uptake While Perfused at Constant Pressure with Normoxic Blood During Global Hypoxia.- Localized Heterogeneity of Red Cell Velocity in Skeletal Muscle at Rest and After Contraction.- See also: S. Batra et al. in Tissue Geometry.- R. A. O. Bennett et al. in Tissue Geometry.- S. Egginton and H.F. Ross in Tissue Geometry.- K. Groebe and G. Thews in Mathematical Models.- D. K. Harrison et al. in Cardiovascular System.- D. Mathieu-Costello et al. in Tissue Geometry.- M. D. Menger et al. in Blood and Blood Substitutes.- A. S. Popel et al. in Mathematical Models.- R. F. Potter et al. in Tissue Geometry.- Z. Turek et al. in Mathematical Models.- Other Organs and Tissues.- Reversal of Carbon Monoxide-Cytochrome C Oxidase Binding by Hyperbaric Oxygen In Vivo.- Cytoprotective Effect of Isotonic Mannitol at Low Oxygen Tension.- Oxygen Diffusion Through Mitochondrial Membranes.- Effects of Different Inspiratory/Expiratory (I/E) Ratios and PEEP-Ventilation on Blood Gases and Hemodynamics in Dogs with Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS).- Improved Arterial Oxygenation and CO2 Elimination Following Changes from Volume-Generated PEEP Ventilation with Inspiratory/Expiratory (I/E) Ratio of 1:2 to Pressure-Generated Ventilation with I/E Ratio of 4:1 in Patients with Severe Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).- Electrochemical Study of Oxygen Behaviour with Lung Surfactant.- Chinese Herbal Medicine Increases Tissue Oxygen Tension.- The Influence of a Temporary Cessation and Reperfusion of Intestinal Blood Flow on the Level of Hepatic Lipid Peroxides.- Oxygen Supply to the Cartilage Growth Plate: An Estimation of Oxygen Gradients in Two Regions of the Epiphyseal Growth Plate.- See also: D. F. Wilson et al. in Optical Spectroscopy of Living Tissue.- Tumors.- 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements of ATPase Kinetics in Malignant Tumors.- Contribution of Diffusion to the Oxygen Dependence of Energy Metabolism in Human Neuroblastoma Cells.- Blood Flow, Tissue Oxygenation, pH Distribution, and Energy Metabolism of Murine Mammary Adenocarcinomas During Growth.- Interrelationship Among Morphology, Metabolism, and Proliferation of Tumor Cells in Monolayer and Spheroid Culture.- See also: K. A. Kang and D. D. Y. Ryu in Mathematical Models.- Information.- Tissue Engineering.- Contributors.