Riassunto
Phagocytosis has been at the forefront of cell biology for more than a century. Initially, phagocytosis, which comes from Greek words meaning devouring cells, was discovered in the late 19th century by Ilya Metchnikoff, who was awarded, together with Paul Ehrlich, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1908 in recognition of their work on immunity. At that time Metchnikoff had already identified a function for phagocytes not only in host defense but also as scavengers of degenerating host cells during metamorphosis of tadpoles, thus providing one of the first descriptions of apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages (Kaufmann 2008). Since then, much has been learned about phagocytosis, and the previous several decades have witnessed outstanding progress in understanding the functions and the molecular mechanisms of phagocytosis. Two main types of targets are cleared by phagocytosis: microbial pathogens and dying cells. Rapid recognition and clearance of dying cells by phagocytes plays a pivotal role in development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, control of immune responses, and resolution of inflammation. Clearance of dying cells can be divided into several stages, including sensing, r- ognition, binding and signaling, internalization, and immunological responses. In this book, our contributors address these different stages of dead cell cle- ance and examine how impaired clearance of dying cells may lead to human d- eases. We have attempted to provide sufficient cross-referencing and indexing to enable the reader to easily locate the ideas elaborated in the different chapters.
Contenuti
Part I. Molecular mechanisms of phagocytosis of dying cells Chapter 1. Molecular pathways of different types of cell death: many roads to death, Dmitri V. Krysko, Agnieszka Kaczmarek and Peter Vandenabeele Chapter 2. Apoptotic, necrotic and autophagic cell death types in pathophysiological conditions: morphological and histological aspects, Araceli Diez-Fraile, Tim Lammens and Katharina D’Herde Chapter 3. Role of attraction and danger signals in the uptake of apoptotic and necrotic cells and its immunological outcome, Christoph Peter, Sebastian Wesselborg, Kirsten Lauber Chapter 4. Molecules involved in recognition and clearance of apoptotic/necrotic cells and cell debris, Markus Napirei and Hans Georg Mannherz Chapter 5. Evolutionarily conserved pathways regulating engulfment of apoptotic cells, Matthew A. Gronski and Kodi S. Ravichandran Chapter 6. Innate apoptotic immunity: a potent immunosuppressive response repertoire elicited by specific apoptotic cell recognition, David S. Ucker Chapter 7. Comparative characterization of non-professional and professional phagocyte responses to apoptotic cells, Adam Lacy-Hulbert Chapter 8. Methods used to study apoptotic cell clearance, Uriel Trahtemberg and Dror Mevorach Part II. Impairment of phagocytosis of dying cells and its role in the development of diseases Chapter 9. Results of defective clearance of apoptotic cells: lessons from knockout mouse models, Christopher D Gregory and John D Pound Chapter 10. Clearance of dying cells and systemic lupus erythematosus, Dror Mevorach Chapter 11. Apoptotic cells for therapy of transplant rejection, Sherrie J. Divito and Adrian E. Morelli Chapter 12. Impact of tumor cell death on the activation of anti-tumor immune response, Jirina Bartunková and Radek Špíšek Chapter 13. Phagocytosis of dying cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, WimMartinet, Dorien M Schrijvers, Guido RY De Meyer Chapter 14. The impact of defective clearance of apoptotic cells in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and cystic fibrosis, Paul N. Reynolds and Sandra J. Hodge Chapter 15. Environmental factors affecting phagocytosis of dying cells: smoking and static magnetic fields, Luciana Dini and Cristian Vergallo Index
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