Photobiology : The Science and Its Applications

It is not always the case that the subject of a scientific book and its relevance to everyday li fe are so timely. Photobiology and its si ster subject Radiobiology are now a must for understanding the environment we live in and the impact light, ultraviolet light, and radiation have on all aspects of our life. Photobiology is a true interdisciplinary field. Photobiology research plays a direct role in diverse fields, and a glance at the topics of the symposia covered in this book by over 100 articles shows the breadth and depth of knowledge acquired in fundamental research and its impact on the major issues and applied problems the world is facing. Half a century of photobiology research brought about an understanding of the importance of light to life, both as a necessary source of energy and growth as weIl as its possible dangers. Research in photochemistry and photobiology led to the discoveries of ceIlular repair mechanisms of UV induced damages to DNA and this led to understanding of the effects of hazardous environmental chemieals and mutagenecity , and to the development of genetic engineering. This topic was given due emphasis in several symposia and chapters in this book.

Opening of the Congress.- AIP Presidential Lecture: Themes and Trends in Photobiology.- A Half Century of Photobiology: The Alexander Hollaender Memorial Symposium.- Alexander Hollaender (1898-1986).- Alexander Hollaender: The Man and His Work.- Defective DNA Repair and Human Disease.- DNA-Protein Crosslinking in UV-Irradiated Human and ICR 2A Cell Lines.- Retroviral Based Shuttle Vectors and Endogenous Cellular Genes: Complementary Approaches for Investigations of Mutational Specificity.- Ultraviolet and Ionizing Radiations: From Molecules to Cells.- Photobiology and Radiobiology: Divisions and Common Ground.- Comparative Effects of Ultraviolet and Ionizing Radiations on Nucleic Acids.- Interaction Between Ultraviolet and Ionizing Radiation in Eukaryotic Cells.- A Molecular Model for the Cytotoxic Action of UV and Ionizing Radiation.- Mutagenic Effects of Ultraviolet and Ionizing Radiation.- Malignant Transformation by Ultraviolet and Ionizing Radiations.- Between Ultraviolet and Ionizing Radiation: Action Spectra for Cytotoxicity in the Vacuum-UV Region.- UV Light and DNA Damage, Repair and Mutagenesis.- Brief Methodological Survey of the Photochemistry of Nucleic Acid Constituents and Analogues and Some Biological Applications Including Photo-Affinity Labeling.- The Sequence Specificity of Ultraviolet Light Damage to DNA Containing Bromodeoxyuridine or Iododeoxyuridine.- UV-Light Induced Perturbation of DNA Tertiary Structure: Consequences on the Enzymes Controlling Chromosome Superhelicity.- Excision-Repair Capacity in UV Irradiated Strains of S. pneumoniae.- UV-Inducible Repair in Yeast.- Mutant I12X86 Versus Wild-Type Lac Repressor Photochemistry.- umuC-Independent recA-Dependent Mutagenesis.- What Is The Molecular Mechanism Of UV Mutagenesis in Escherichia coli?.- Ultraviolet Mutagenesis of a Shuttle Vector Plasmid in Repair Proficient and Deficient Human Cells.- Mutational Hotspots in Mammalian Cells.- Spectra of Mutations Induced by Structurally-Related Aromatic Polycyclic Carcinogens during Replication of a Shuttle Vector in Human Cells.- Twenty Years of Research on Xeroderma Pigmentosum at the National Institutes of Health.- The Edna Roe Memorial Lecture.- Repair Control of Photoinduced Cross-Links and Monoadducts in DNA: Genetic Molecular and Evolutionary Features.- Photochemistry and Photophysics: Probing the Unknown.- Pulse Radiolysis and Flash Photolysis.- Discrimination and Coverage in Hybridization: Advantages Afforded by Crosslinkable Oligonucleotide Probes.- The Analytical Uses of Luminescence.- Electric Parameters of Purple Membrane Fragments.- Probing the Internal Spectral Distribution of UV Radiation in Plants with Fibre Optics.- Cancer Diagnosis by Fluorescence Polarization.- Microspectrofluorometry of Human Melanoma Cells and Fibroblasts Treated with Azelaic Acid.- Recent Advances in Chemical Modeling of Bacterial Bioluminescence Mechanism.- Use of Image Analysis in Photobiology.- Degradation of Oligonucleotides and DNA by VUV Radiation in Solids.- Photolysis of Water by VUV Radiation and Reactions with DNA and Related Compounds in Aqueous Systems.- Light Regulated Biological Processes — Photosynthesis.- Trapping of Excitation Energy in Photosynthetic Purple Bacteria.- The Supramolecular Structure of the Light-Harvesting System of Cyanobacteria and Red Algae.- Quinone Substituted Porphyrin Dimers: New Photosynthetic Model Systems.- Organization of the Photosynthetic Membrane of Rhodopseudomonas Viridis Using Biochemical Immunological and Electron Microscopical Methods.- Photoreceptors: Phytochrome.- The Chromophore and its Role in the Phototransformation of Phytochrome Conformational Changes Probed with bis-ANS Monoclonal Antibodies and Phosphorylation.- Molecular Properties of Phytochrome.- Studies of the Mechanism of the Phototransformation of Phytochrome.- The Significance of Mutants in Phytochrome Research.- Mode of Coaction between Phytochrome and Blue/UV Photoreceptors.- Phytochrome Regulated Expression of Cab Genes in Higher Plants.- Phytochrome Structure/Function Relationships as Probed by Monoclonal Antibodies.- Phytochrome from Green Avena Characterized with Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to It.- Phytochrome and Cryptochrome: Coaction or Interaction in the Control of Chloroplast Orientation.- Photochemistry and Photophysics of Biliprotein Chromophores: A Case of Molecular Ecology.- Strategy of Orientation in Flagellates.- Polarized Spectra of Immobilized Phycobilisomes Isolated from Various Cyanobacteria.- Rhodopsins.- Spectra and Structures of Photorhodopsin and Bathorhodopsin Studied by Picosecond Laser Photolysis.- The Primary Photochemical Process in Bacteriorhodopsin.- Functional Domains in Octopus Rhodopsin.- Picosecond Time-resolved Spectroscopy of the Initial Events in the Bacteriorhodopsin Photocycle.- Primary Processes in Sensory Rhodopsin and Retinochrome.- Circadian Rhythms.- Seasonal Changes in Circadian Rhythm of Thermoregulation in Greenfinches and Sisldns at Different Ambient Temperatures.- Light and Circadian Activity in the Blind Mole Rat.- Photoperiod Changes and Heat Production in Meriones Crassus — The Role of Circadian Rhythms of Body Temperature in Seasonal Acclimatization.- Physiological Responses of Melatonin-Implanted Pigeons to Changes in Ambient Temperature.- Metatonin Binding Sites in Discrete Brain Areas: Coincidence with Physiological Responsiveness.- Solar UV Light Effects on Growth and Development.- Signal Transduction in Blue Light-Mediated Growth Responses.- Potential Impacts of Increased Solar UV-B on Global Plant Productivity.- Effects of Enhanced Solar UV-B Radiation on Growth and Function of Selected Crop Plant Seedlings.- Man and Ultraviolet Light — Photosensitization and Photocarginogenesis.- Sources of Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation.- Drug Products and Photocarcinogenesis.- Investigating Contact Photoallergy in the Mouse.- Relation Between the Molecular Structure of a Drug and its Photobiological Activity by Combination of In vivo and In vitro Research.- Screening Materials for Photosensitization Eye Effects.- UV and Cancer.- Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Skin Cancer in Man.- The Finsen Medal Presentations: to: D.I. Anion.- to: I.A. Magnus.- The Finsen Lecture: Monodelphis domestica: An Animal Model for Studies in Photodermatology Including the Induction of Melanoma.- Prolonged UVR-Induced Erythema and Melanoma Risk Factors.- Ultraviolet Radiation Induces Cytoskeletal Damage in Human Cells.- Photoimmunology.- Overview: Photoimmunology.- Immunology of UV-Induced Human Skin Cancer.- Immunological Mediators Produced by UV-Irradiated Keratinocytes.- The Franz Greiter Memorial Symposium: Physiological Effects of UV Radiation on the Immune System and on the Eye.- Franz Greiter — The Man and His Work.- Immune Suppression by Ultraviolet B Irradiation and Urocanic Acid.- Effects of Radiant Energy on the Ocular Tissues.- On the Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Eye.- Photodynamic Therapy.- Model System Studies on Photosensitization in Light Scattering Media.- In Vitro and In Vivo Spectral Properties of Porphyrins.- Photosensitization of Microbial Cells.- Effects of PDT on DNA and Chromosomes.- Photophysical and Photosensitizing Properties of Phthalocyanines.- Zinc(II)-Phthalocyanine as a Second-Generation Photosensitizing Agent in Tumour Phototherapy.- Photosensitization by Phthalocyanines. Chemical Structure — Photodynamic Activity Relationship.- Photoprotection A. Cellular Mechanisms.- Cellular Effects of UVA: DNA Damages.- Cellular Defense Against UVA (320-380 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) Radiations.- Melanin is a Double-Edged Sword.- B. Protection Measures.- Sun Protection Factors.- The Reliability of Sun Protection Factor.- Sunscreens — A Photochemical Perspective.- The Protective Ability of Sunscreens.- The Broad Spectrum Concept in Sunscreens.- Trends in Sun Protection.- Psoralens: Effects and Mechanisms.- Photochemoprotection: Protective Effects of Psoralen-Induced Tan.- Mutagenic Effects of Psoralen-Induced Photoadducts and their Repair in Eukaryotic Cells.- Quantification of 8-MOP Photoadducts in Lymphocytes.- New Aspects of the Mechanism of Action of Furocoumarins (Psoralens and Angelicins).- Photodynamic Carcinogenicity and its Prevention by Carotenoids as Oxygen Radical Quenchers: Relevance in Animals and Human Intervention.- UV and the Environment.- UV and the Environment: An Introduction.- UV and Exobiology: Can Micro-Organisms Survive the Space Environment?.- Further Solar UV Spectral Measurements at the Dead Sea.- Ozone and Ultraviolet Light are Additive Co-Carcinogens In Vitro.- UV Risks and Regulations.- Skin Photobiology and Regulations on UV Radiation.- Patterns of Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation.- Cutaneous Photosensitization: Hazard and Regulation.- UV Regulatory Strategies.- Round Table: Photobiology in Developing Countries.- Author Index.