Riassunto:
This wide-ranging survey of the physical aspects of fracture shows that the old barriers between different scales will soon themselves fracture. It is no longer unrealistic to imagine that a crack initiated through a molecular dynamics description could be propagated at the grain level thanks to dislocation dynamics included in a crystal plasticity model, itself implemented in a finite element code. Linking what happens at the atomic scale to fracture of structures as large as a dam is the new emerging challenge. The volume includes papers on most materials of practical interest from concrete to ceramics through metallic alloys, glasses, polymers and composite materials. The classical fields of fracture mechanisms are addressed. Brittle and ductile fractures are considered. The text is carefully balanced between experiments, simulations and theoretical models, and between the contributions by the various communities. New topics of damage and fracture mechanics are also explored, such as the effect of disorder and statistical aspects, dynamic fracture, friction and fracture of interfaces.
Contenuti:
Preface. International Scientific Committee. List of Participants. Opening review. (New trends in Fracture Mechanics). Some studies of crack dynamics; J.R. Rice. Brittle fracture. Fracture of metals: Part I: Cleavage fracture; D. François, A. Pineau. The Weibull law: a model of wide applicability; F. Hild. Brittle fracture of snow; H.O.K. Kirchner. Random fuse networks: a review; A. Hansen. On modelling of `winged' cracks forming under compression; F. Lehner. Continuum damage and scaling of fracture; G. Pijaudier-Cabot, et al. Damage of concrete: application of network simulations; J.M.G. Van Mier. Degradation in brittle materials under static loadings; Y. Berthaud. Study of the brittle-to-ductile transition in ceramics and cermets by mechanical spectroscopy; R. Schaller, G. Fantozzi. Ductile fracture. Fracture of metals: Part II: ductile fracture; D. François, A. Pineau. Fracture mechanics of metals: some features of crack initiation and crack propagation; A.J. Krasowsky. A model of damage in an austenitic stainless steel by high temperature creep; S.K. Kanaun. Interrelation between constitutive laws and fracture criteria in the vicinity of friction surfaces; S. Alexandrov. Polycrystalline plasticity under small strains; F. Barbe, et al. Fracture and mesoscopic plastic deformation; E. Van der Giessen. Strain localization in single crystals and polycrystals; C. Rey, et al. Fatigue and stress corrosion. Modelling in fatigue. Remarks on scales of material description: application to high cycle fatigue; K. Dang Van. The influence of microstructure and moist environment on fatigue crack propagation in metallic alloys; J. Petit. Cyclic strain localization in fatigued metals; H. Mughrabi. Environmental effects on fatigue in metals; T. Magnin. Stress corrosion of glass; R. Gy. Dynamics of fracture. Experimental challenges in the investigation of dynamic fracture of brittle materials; K. Ravi-Chandar. Experiments in dynamic fracture; D. Rittel. Propagation of an interfacial crack front in a heterogenous medium: Experimental observations; J. Schmittbuhl, et al. Index.
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