Riassunto:
Rabies-as in former times-is still today a major killer affecting man and animals especially in many tropical and sub-tropical countries of Asia, Africa and South America. Some 50,000 people and literally millions of animals suffer and die of this disease each year. This dramatic death toll and the enormous economic losses which ensue are nowadays un tolerable and no longer justified. Worldwide strategy for Rabies control has been established and the World Health Organization recently formulated an elimination programme for dog Rabies. Methods for wildlife Rabies control are also under way. For the realisation of control campaigns, careful epid emiological analysis is necessary. This involves: - antigenical characterisation of Rabies Virus Strains using monoclonal antibodies, - observation of foci, - follow-up of the front wave of the disease, - specific ecology of target populations and Rabies carrier species. The financial point of view of such campaigns has of course to be ascertained. It is for the first time ever that representatives and specialists of different biological disciplines from nearly 70 countries have had the opportunity in Tunis to discuss these important issues and to evaluate, on the basis of their own experimental results and personal epidemiological observations, the possibility of ultimate elimination of Rabies in tropical and sub-tropical countries and also to contribute their share for a better understanding of the natural history of this disease.
Contenuti:
Session I: Current Knowledge of Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses.- The Antigenic Structure of the Rabies Virus Glycoprotein.- Rabies Virus Genome.- Rabies Virus Pathogenicity.- Cross-Reactivity and Cross-Protection: Rabies Variants and Rabies-Related Viruses.- Current Diagnostic Procedures of Rabies and Related Viruses.- Application of Monoclonal Antibodies for Epidemiological Investigations and Oral Vaccination Studies.- I. African Viruses (L.G. Schneider, B.J.H. Barnard, and H. P. Schneider).- II. Arctic Viruses (L.G. Schneider, Ø. A. Ødegaard, J. Mueller, and M. Selimov).- III. Oral Rabies Vaccine (L.G. Schneider, B.J.H. Barnard, and H.P. Schneider).- Caractéristiques de Souches de Virus de Rage et de Virus Apparentés à la Rage, Isolées en Europe, Afrique et Asie.- Mokola Virus Infection in Domestic Cats in Zimbabwe.- Contribution to the Characterization of Rabies Street Virus Strain NYC.- On the Nature of Rabies Virus-Cellular Receptor Interactions.- Session II: Rabies Vaccines for Use in Man.- Effectiveness and Tolerance of Rabies Post-Exposure Treatment with Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine in Children.- Rapport sur l’Utilisation du Vaccin Rabique Préparé sur Culture de Cellules Diploides Humaines pour l’Immunisation avant et après Exposition.- Clinical Responses in Humans to Rabies Vaccine Prepared in MRC-5 Diploid Cells from Canadian Seed Virus.- Vaccin Rabique Inactivé Purifié, Produit sur Cellules de Reins de Veaux. Méthodologie Analytique.- Innocuity and Side Effects of Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine: Rationale and Facts after Vaccination of > 500,000 Persons.- Purified Chick Embryo Cell (PCEC) Rabies Vaccine for Human Use ― Laboratory Data.- Clinical Trials in Healthy Volunteers with the New Purified Chick Embryo Cell Rabies Vaccine for Man.- PCEC Rabies Vaccine and HRIG in Post-Exposure Protection against Rabies.- Un Nouveau Vaccin Antirabique à Usage Humain: Rapport Préliminaire.- Etude Clinique et Serologique Préliminaire d’un Vaccin Antirabique a Usage Humain Préparé sur Culture de Cellule (VERO).- Essais Cliniques du Vaccin Rabique Préparé sur Culture de Cellules Renales de Foetus Bovin et du Vaccin Rabique Préparé sur Cerveau de Souriceau Nouveau-Né.- Comparative Study of Rabies Immunization with HDCV (Mérieux) Using Reduced Amounts of Vaccine with and without Adjuvant.- Effet Curatif Expérimental du Vaccin Antirabique Préparé sur Cellules de Rein de Veau Foetal (RVF).- Immunogenicity of Dog Kidney Cell Rabies Vaccine (DKCV).- New Aspects Concerning the Immunogenicity of Rabies Vaccines Produced in Animal Brains (Duck Embryo).- Comparison of the Immunological Response of Humans to Suckling Mouse Brain and Human Diploid Cell Vaccines.- Persistance des Anticorps Antirabiques, 3 Ans après Rappels de Vaccination.- Studies on the Interferogenicity and Immunogenicity of Different Types of Rabies Vaccines.- Economical Regimens of Human Diploid Cell Strain Antirabies Vaccine for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis.- Session III: Rabies Vaccines for Use in Dogs and Other Animal Species.- 1. Immunization of Dogs.- Rabies Vaccine for Use in Dogs.- NIL2 Cell Inactivated Tissue Culture Vaccine Against Rabies―Immunization of Carnivores.- Chick-Embryo-Cell Inactivated Rabies Vaccine for Veterinary Use. Laboratory and Field Experience.- Vaccins de la Rage du Chien Préparés sur Encephale d’Agneau Nouveau-Né. Valeur Immunogène.- Vaccination of Dogs Against Rabies. Comparison of Serological Responses one Year after Intradermal or Subcutaneous Vaccination.- Inactivated Tissue Culture Rabies Vaccine with Three Years Immunogenicity in Dogs and Cats.- 2. Immunization of Other Species.- Rabies Vaccination of Wildlife and Domestic Animals other than Dogs.- Immunisation of Herbivores Against Rabies Using an Inactivated Cell Culture Vaccine.- Vaccine Formulations for Oral Immunization of Laboratory Animals and Wildlife Against Rabies.- Control of Wildlife Rabies.- Session IV: Vaccine Quality Control. Vaccine of the Future.- Current Status of Rabies Vaccine Potency Testing.- In Vitro Determination of Antigenic Potency of Rabies Vaccines and Comparison with NIH Test.- Comparison Between NIH and SRD (Single Radial Immunodiffusion) Techniques for Potency Tests of Inactivated Tissue Culture Rabies Vaccines in Human Use.- Stability of Freeze-Dried Tissue Culture Rabies Vaccine for Human Use.- Genetically Engineered Rabies Subunit Vaccines.- Gammaglobuline et Séroprophylaxie de la Rage.- Enzyme Immunoassay in the Tropics.- Session V: Epidemiology of Rabies in the Tropics.- 1. Introduction.- Rabies in the Tropics―History and Current Status.- 2. Rabies in Mediterranean Countries.- Epidemiology of Rabies in Greece.- Epidémiologie de la Rage en Tunisie. Analyse des Résultats des 30 Dernières Années.- Epidémiologie et Prophylaxie de la Rage au Maroc.- Rabies Epidemiology in Portugal.- 3. Rabies in Africa.- Epidemiology of Rabies in the United Republic of Tanzania.- The Epidemiological Significance of Jackal Rabies in Zimbabwe.- Rabies in Mozambique.- Rabies in Zambia.- Epidemiology of Rabies in Botswana.- Epidemiologie de la Rage à Madagascar.- Epidemiology of Human Rabies in Kenya.- Epidemiology of Animal Rabies in Kenya (1900–1983).- Epidemiology of Rabies in the Sudan.- Epidemiology of Rabies in Ethiopia.- Analysis of 159 Human Rabies Cases in Ethiopia.- Epidemiology of Rabies in Nigeria.- Epidemiology of Rabies in Nigeria.- Epidemiology of Rabies in Ghana.- Le Chien dans la Societé Noire Africaine: un Réservoir de Rage.- Rabies in South West Africa/Namibia.- Epidémiologie et Diagnostic de la Rage en Angola.- 4. Rabies in Asia and South America.- Rabies in South East Asia.- The Epidemiology of Rabies in Indonesia.- Rabies in Thailand.- Epidemiology and Prevention of Rabies in Pakistan.- Epidemiology of Rabies in India.- La Rage en Iran.- Rabies Situation in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.- Contrôle de la Rage Bovine en Colombie.- Epidemiology of Rabies in Korea.- The Control of Rabies in Malaysia.- 5. General Topics.- Epidemiological Analysis of Street Rabies Viruses from Enzootic Areas of the United States.- Cross Protection of Mice Against Different Rabies Virus Isolates from South America.- Epidémiologie de la Rage chez les Animaux dans l’Aspect de Physiopathologie et d’Ecologie de l’Infection.- Session VI: Animal Rabies Control.- The Mediterranean Zoonoses Control Program and its Center (MZCC) in Athens, Greece.- Control of Rabies in Zimbabwe.- Field Control of Rabies in Tanzania.- The Development of Joint Human and Veterinary Medical Laboratory Services.- Ecological and Epidemiological Data Requirements for the Planning of Dog Rabies Control.- Rabies in Wildlife and Tropical Canines―A Population Problem.- Session VII: Role of Medical and Veterinary Services in Rabies Elimination.- 1. Consideration in Use of Rabies Vaccines in Tropical Countries.- Prospects of Tissue Culture Antirabies Vaccine in India.- Production et Utilisation du Vaccin Rabique à Usage Médical à l’Institut Pasteur d’Algérie.- Botswana Vaccine Institute―Future Regional Laboratory for Rabies Vaccine Production.- Production of Rabies Vaccine for Veterinary Use (Twelve Years of Production and Observations).- Ecology of Dogs in Developing Countries in Relation to Rabies Control Programs.- The Application of Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Technology to the Production of an Inactivated Rabies Vaccine for Use on Animals.- La Vaccination Antirabique dans les Pays Tropicaux.- Post-Exposure Treatment of Subjects Exposed to Rabies. ― Essen Scheme.- Experience with Rabies Control in Tropical Countries.- Background Information on Rabies Endemia and its Consequences in Tanzania.- Epidemiology of Rabies in Thailand.- Experience with Rabies Control in Sri Lanka.- Experiences with Rabies Control in Brazil.- Animal Rabies Control in Arusha Region Tanzania.- 3. Function of Medical Services of National Programmes of Human and Canine Rabies Elimination.- Legislation for Rabies Control.- The Role of the International Office of Epizootics (O. I. E.) in the Adoption of New Developments to Control Rabies at National and International Levels..- International Technical Cooperation and Services for Rabies Control.- Overview.
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