Recent Advances in Diseases of the Esophagus

The Fifth World Congress of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus was held in the historic city of Kyoto, Japan, from August 5 through 8, 1992. Approximately 40 countries throughout the world participated and roughly 500 presentations were made. Excellent authors were selected and they were requested to send in their manuscripts for publication of this book. It is our ardent hope that this book will prove to be beneficial to the doctor interested in the esophagus and that it will provide the reader with first-hand information from leading scientists and clinicians in this field. The incidence of esophageal diseases vary greatly from country to country and in recent years, worldwide interest in these diseases has resulted in various international studies. The International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus was inaugurated by Professor Komei Nakayama in 1979 and since that time it has actively contributed to the exchange of information regarding these diseases and has made endeavors in bringing about advancement in the struggle against diseases of the esophagus in every way possible.

Congenital Disease.- Pulmonary Status During Childhood After Corrected Congenital Esophageal Atresia.- Investigations of Reoperated Cases of Congenital Disorders of the Esophagus in Children: Reports of Two Cases.- Problems Associated with Congenital Esophageal Atresia and Their Treatment.- Gastroesophageal Reflu.- Esophageal Motility in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.- Symptoms and Functional Foregut Abnormalities in Patients with Complications of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.- The Value of a Scoring System in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Does It Predict the Response to Surgical Treatment?.- Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux: Differences in Esophageal pH-Monitoring Between Patients Undergoing Surgery (Nissen) and Patients Undergoing Medical Treatment.- Indication and Technique of Laparoscopic Antireflux Operations.- The Reproducibility of Ambulatory Intra-Esophageal pH Monitoring.- pH-Monitoring Patterns of Gastroesophageal Reflux: Differences Between Populations.- Examination of the Hiatal Defence Mechanism with Manometry Including an Abdominal Pressure Test. A Comparative Study with 24-Hour pH Monitoring and Esophagoscopy.- Gastroesophageal Reflux Due to Hiatal Incompetence—Influence of the Viscosity of the Gastric Content.- Correlation Between Preoperative and Postoperative Manometry After Nissen-Rossetti Fundoplication.- A Continuous 10-Year Assessment of the Results of Surgery for Shortened Esophagus.- Reflux Esophagitis and Development of Ectopic Columnar Epithelium in the Esophageal Stump After Gastric Transposition: A Prospective Study.- Gastroesophageal Reflux After Gastric Surgery.- Surgical Treatment.- Video-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery in Achalasia.- Re-Operation for Failed Antireflux Operations.- Gastroesophageal Reflux Control in Operated Scleroderma Patients.- Barrett’s Esophagus.- Barrett’s Esophagus—Open and Answered Questions 1993.- Regression of Columnar Metaplasia of the Lower Esophagus in a Canine Model.- Endobrachyesophagus Without Mucosectomy: An Experimental Model in Dogs.- Adenocarcinoma Arising in Barrett’s Esophagus After Esophageal Resection and Jejunal Interposition.- Therapy in Barrett’s Esophagus: Medical Treatment Versus Antireflux Surgery.- Surgical Treatment of Barrett’s Carcinoma: Correlation Between Morphologic Findings and Prognosis.- An Alkaline Stomach Is Common to Barrett’s Esophagus and Gastric Carcinoma.- A Histopathological Study of Barrett’s Esophagus with Special Reference to the Specialized Columnar Epithelium.- Motility Disorders (Achalasia).- Clinical Approach to Achalasia of the Esophagus from the Viewpoint of Gastrointestinal Hormone.- Endoscopic Ultrasonography for Esophageal Achalasia.- Clinical Use of Ambulatory 24-H Esophageal Motility Monitoring in the Evaluation of Patients with Primary Esophageal Motor Disorders.- Cricopharyngeal Myotomy and Stapling: Treatment of Choice for Zenker’s Diverticulum.- Should Modified Heller’s Cardiomyotomy Be Combined with Antireflux Procedure?.- Megaesophagus in Experimental Chagas’ Disease.- Quantitation of Eosinophils and Mast Cells in Diffuse Oesophageal Spasm.- Achalasia: The Length of the Esophagus and the Response to Treatment.- Primary Heller’s Myotomy and Belsey Repair for Achalasia of the Esophagus.- Long-Term Follow-Up of Heller Myotomy for Achalasia After Thoracic, Abdominal, and Thoracoabdominal Approach.- Long-Term Prognosis of Pneumatic Bag Dilatation Therapy in Esophageal Achalasia.- Characteristics of Esophageal Peristaltic Motor Activity After Distal Partial Gastrectomy.- Esophageal Varices.- Pathological Changes of Esophagogastric Varices After Endoscopic Sclerotherapy.- Overview of Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy in 1200 Patients with Esophageal Varices.- Limitation of Non-Schunting Operation and Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Esophageal Varices and the Role of Combined Treatment.- Esophageal Perforation.- Esophageal Perforation in the People’s Republic of China.- Esophageal Perforations.- Esophageal Trauma: A Modern Perspective.- Multimodal Strategy for the Management of Esophageal Perforations and Ruptures.- A Case of Esophageal Rupture After Gastrectomy.- Treatment of Boerhaave’s Syndrome According to Its Clinical Manifestations.- Esophagectomy for Esophageal Disruption.- Clinical Evaluation of Esophageal Perforation.- Clinical Studies of Spontaneous Rupture of the Esophagus.- Other Diseases and Strictures.- Surfactant-Like Material in Human Esophageal Mucosa: An Ultrastructural Study.- Twenty-Four-Hour pH Monitoring Study of Gastric Tube Used for Reconstruction After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Carcinoma.- Is There a Relationship Between an Area of Muscular Deficiency and the Vascularisation of the Dorsal Wall of the Hypopharynx and Zenker’s Diverticulum?.- Lye Stricture of the Esophagus and Gastric Antrum.- Caustic Esophageal Stricture: Bypass Versus Resection.- A Case of Funnel-Type Benign Esophageal Stricture Due to Foreign Body.- Assessment of the Surgical Treatment of Reflux Esophagitis Complicated by Esophageal Stricture.- Treatment of Benign Esophageal Stricture.- Esophageal Cancer.- Early Carcinoma of the Esophagus.- Epidemiology and Biology.- Risk Factors for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus in Southern Thailand.- Patterns of Presentation of Carcinoma of the Esophagus and Cardia in Patients Less Than 50 Years Old.- Interaction Between Epidermal Growth Factor and Its Receptor in the Progression of Human Esophageal Carcinoma.- Cell Kinetics and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression: Useful Guides in Esophageal Cancer?.- Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGF-R) and HER-2/NEU p185 Protein Expression in Esophageal Cancer.- New Strategy of Treatment for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Immunotoxin Which Reacts to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.- Two Types of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.- Statistical Study of Second Primary Malignancies After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer.- Clinical Study of Superficial Esophageal Cancer.- Heparin-Binding (Fibroblast) Growth Factors Are Potential Autocrine Regulators of Esophageal Epithelial Cell Proliferation.- Association of hst-1 Gene Amplification with Poor Postoperative Prognosis of Esophageal Carcinoma.- Amplification of hst-1 and int-2 Genes as a Good Biological Marker of High Malignancy for Human Esophageal Carcinomas.- Analysis of Gene Amplification in Human Esophageal Cancer.- pH Monitoring of Gastric Tube After Esophagectomy.- Experimental and Clinical Study of Blood Flow in the Tracheal Mucosa.- Pathology.- Prognostic Factors for T1 Carcinoma of the Esophagus.- Esophageal Cancer Associated with Multiple Primary or Intramural Metastatic Lesions.- Histopathologic Investigation of Squamous Epithelial Dysplasia and Carcinoma of the Esophagus.- A Clinico-Pathological Study on Esophageal Carcinoma Associated with Dysplasia.- Factors Influencing the Prognosis of Mucosal Carcinoma of the Esophagus.- Cytokeratin 14, 18, and 19 Expression in Normal Epithelium and in Squamous Cancer of the Esophagus.- Studies on the Relationship Between Desmosomes and Metastasis and Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer.- Immunohistochemical Study of Esophageal Carcinomas Other Than Squamous Cell Carcinoma.- Development of an Experimental Model for Spontaneous Lymph Node Metastasis of Human Esophageal Carcinoma in Nude Mice—Histopathological Analysis.- Correlation Between Expression of E-Cadherin and Metastasis and Invasion in Human Esophageal Cancer.- Immunohistochemical Study of the Expression of HLA-DR Antigen and Lymphocyte Infiltration in Human Esophageal Carcinoma.- Unusual Manifestation of Malignant Lymphoma of the Esophagus.- Diagnosis and Cancer Staging.- Endosonography and Computerized Tomography in the Evaluation Tumor Invasion in Esophageal Cancer After Preoperative Chemo- and Radiotherapy.- Clinical Evaluation of Mucosal Cancer of the Esophagus: Analysis of 1584 Cases of Superficial Esophageal Cancer Resected in Japan.- Staging of Esophageal Cancer: Preoperative Prediction of LN-Metastases.- Cervical Lymph Node Metastases in Thoracic Esophageal Cancer and Their Prognostic Role.- Scintigraphic Evaluation of Substitute Function After Esophagoplasty.- Strip Biopsy for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Superficial Esophageal Carcinoma and Esophageal Dysplasia.- Treatment of Superficial Esophageal Carcinoma with Reference to X-Ray Findings.- The Effectiveness of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Preoperative Esophageal Cancer.- Natural History of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, with Special Reference to Evaluation of Clinical Growth Rate by Tumor Volume Doubling Time.- Resection for Esophageal Cancer.- For the Debate on the Significance of Lymphadenectomy in Esophageal Cancer.- Is Radical Lymphadenectomy of Value in the Surgical Treatment of Esophageal Cancer?.- Surgical Result of Esophageal Cancer Treated with Extended Lymph Node Dissection.- Pulse Oximetry for Assessment of Gastric Tube Circulation in Esophageal Replacement After Subtotal Esophagectomy.- Transmediastinal Esophagectomy: Comparison of Cardiopulmonary Performance After Anterior Versus Posterior Reconstruction.- Cancer of the Cervical Esophagus: Extent of Resection, Short- and Long-Term Results of Surgery.- Surgical Management of Suture Insufficiency at Cervical Esophagogastrostomy After Surgery for Carcinoma of the Thoracic Esophagus.- Esophageal Cancer: Surgical Treatment.- Late Results of Operations on Esophagus and Cardia Tomors (1973–1990).- Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus: Results of Surgical Treatment.- Lymph Node Dissection for Carcinoma of the Cardia—Is It Worthwhile?.- Total Extended Gastrectomy Plus Transhiatal Esophagectomy for Cancer of the Cardia.- The Influence of Thoracic Duct Resection on Postesophagectomy Hemodynamics: An Analysis of Changes of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Brain Natriuretic Peptide.- Colon Interposition in the Treatment of Esophageal Carcinoma After Gastrectomy.- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: Our Thirty Years’ Experience.- Two-Stage Extensive Lymphadenectomy for Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma.- Significance of Systematic Lymphadenectomy in Patients with Esophageal Cancer.- A Study on the Mode of Recurrence in Cases with Esophagectomy and Extensive Lymph Node Dissections.- Surgical Treatment of Intrathoracic Esophageal Carcinoma: Analysis of 481 Cases of Resected Squamous Cell Carcinoma.- The Results of En Bloc Esophagectomy Compared with Three-Field and Two-Field Dissection.- Lymph Node Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Thoracic Esophagus as a Prognostic Factor.- Prognostic Factors in Patients with Squamous Cell Cancer of the Esophagus Undergoing Transthoracic En Bloc Resection.- Esophagectomy Without Thoracotomy and Transthoracic Esophagectomy for Cancer of the Thoracic Esophagus: Analysis of 811 Patients.- Esophageal and Gastric Cardia Carcinoma: Patient Selection for Transhiatal Esophagectomy.- Blunt Dissection for Thoracic Esophageal Cancer.- Esophageal Stripping—Experience in 82 Cases.- Swallowing Function Before and After Esophagectomy for Treatment of Esophageal Cancer.- Dilatation in 1002 Cases of Postoperative Anastomotic Stenosis of Esophagocardial Carcinoma.- Endodissection in Transhiatal Esophagectomy: Technique and Clinical Results.- The Impact of Close Surveillance of Barrett’s Esophagus Patients on the Results of Esophagogastrectomy for Carcinoma.- Contribution of Obesity and Intra-Abdominal Fat Accumulation to Postoperative Respiratory Disorders in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma.- A Clinical Study of Esophageal Cancer with Invasion of Contiguous Structures.- Blunt Dissection for Carcinoma of the Esophagus, with Particular Reference to the Lower Thoracic and Abdominal Esophagus.- How Should Therapies for Superficial Cancer of the Esophagus Be Performed?.- Transhiatal Esophagectomy for Intrathoracic Esophageal Cancer.- Operative Procedure and Clinical Outcome of Carcinoma of the Thoracic Esophagus.- Recurrence of Thoracic Esophageal Cancer After Three-Field Lymphadenectomy.- Reduction of Operative Morbidity and Mortality in Esophageal Cancer Through Strict Prevention of Postoperative Complications.- Surgical Treatment for Esophageal Cancer After Gastrectomy.- Studies on Surgical Treatment for Esophageal Cancer After Gastrectomy.- Multimodality Treatment for Esophageal Cancer.- Leucovorin, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil for Advanced Esophageal Cancer.- Neoadjuvant Treatment for Squamous Carcinoma of the Thoracic Esophagus.- Radical Radiotherapy for Inoperable Locally Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of the Treatment Results over 21-Years Experience.- High-Dose-Rate Intraluminal Brachytherapy for Advanced Esophageal Cancer: Analysis of Long Survivors.- Do Postoperative Radiochemotherapy and/or Aggressive Chemotherapy for Patients with Cancer of the Esophagus Who Have Undergone Curative Surgery Contribute to Improvement of Prognosis?.- Esophageal Carcinoma Treated with Proton Beam.- A New Modality of Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Esophageal Carcinoma Using Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and OK-432-Induced Hyperthermia.- Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Esophageal Cancer.- A New Slow-Releasing Drug Delivery System for Chemically Combined Cisplatin with Chitin for Intraoperative Local Application: An Experimental Study.- Larynx Preserving Strategy in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervical Esophagus.- Combined Modality Treatment for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Esophageal Carcinoma Located at or Above the Level of the Tracheal Bifurcation.- Evaluation of Adjuvant Therapy for Esophagectomy with Collo-Thoraco-Abdominal Lymph Node Dissection.- Treatment for Recurrence of Carcinoma of the Thoracic Esophagus.- Drug Sensitivity Tests for Human Esophageal Cancer.- Local Chemotherapy of Esophageal Cancer with Bleomycin Adsorbed to Activated Carbon Particles.- Advanced and Recurrent Esophageal Carcinoma: Combination Chemotherapy with Etoposide, Leucovorin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Cisplatin.- Preoperative Chemotherapy with Cisplatin/5-FU/Leucovorin for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus.- A Prospective Randomized Trial of Pre- and Postoperative Chemotherapy in Patients with Esophageal Cancer.- Preoperative Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thoracic Esophagus: A Pilot Study Report.- High-Dose-Rate Intraluminal Brachytherapy for Small Superficial Esophageal Carcinoma.- High-Dose-Rate Intracavitary Irradiation in the Surgical Treatment of Cancer of the Thoracic Esophagus.- Resectable Esophageal Carcinoma: Preoperative Versus Postoperative Radiochemotherapy.- Postoperative Irradiation for Esophageal Carcinoma.- Clinical Trial of Preoperative Chemotherapy, Intraoperative Radiotherapy, and Esophagectomy for Lower Esophageal Carcinoma.- Treatment for T4 Cancer of the Intrathoracic Esophagus.- Efficacy of Hyperthermia for Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma.- Palliative Treatment for Esophageal Cancer and Others.- The Development of “Through-Bougie Esophageal Prosthesis Intubation” and Its Evolution to an “Extinctive Type”.- Results of Two Types of Substernal Gastric Bypass for Advanced Esophageal Cancer.- Bypass Operation with Pedicled Jejunum for Unresectable Intrathoracic Esophageal Cancer.- Quality of Life After Laser Therapy in Patients with Inoperable Cancer of the Esophagus and Gastric Cardia.- Preoperative Total Parenteral Nutrition in Patients with Cancer of the Esophagus or Stomach.- Pulmonary Function During Exercise Before and After Radical Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer.- Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Improves Postoperative Protein Retention of Patients Receiving Esophagectomy.- Usefulness of Posterior Mediastinal Reconstruction After Esophagectomy in Case of Esophageal Cancer with Palsy of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.- Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: Report of Three C...