Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

The lAU Colloquium No. 56, the Second lAU Colloquium, "On Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics," co-sponsored by the COSPAR and the International Association of Geodesy of IUGG was held in Warsaw, Po1and, on September 8-12, 1980. The Co11oquium was organized by the Space Research Centre of the Po1ish Academy of Sciences and the Smithsonian Institution Astrophysica1 Observatory. It was sponsored by the Committee of Astronomy, the Committee of Geodesy, and the Committee of Space Research of the Po1ish Academy of Sciences. The first Co11oquium devoted to this subject was held in Torun, Po1and, in 1974. The Scientific Organizing Committee consisted of: Cochairmen Dr. E. M. Gaposchkin USA Dr. B. Ko~aczek Po1and Members of the Program Committee Prof. J. Kova1evsky France Prof. I. I. Mueller USA Prof. M. Rochester Canada Members Dr. M. Bursa Czechos1ovakia Dr. H. K. Eichhorn USA Prof. W. Fri cke FRG Dr. E. Hog Denmark Dr. Y. Kozai Japan Dr. Y. S. Yatskiv USSR The Loca1 Organizing Committee consisted of: Dr. B. Ko~aczek, Chairman Dr. W. Pache1ski, Secretary Dr. W. Dobaczewska Dr. J. Krynski Dr. G. Sitarski Prof. J. Smak Dr. J. B. Zielinski Mr. W. Zarnowiecki ix E. M. Gaposchkin and B. Kotaczek (eds. ), Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamies, ix-x. Copyright © 1981 by D. Reidel Publishing Company. x PREFACE The duties of chairmen of the sessions were performed by Dr. J. Zielinski, Dr. P. Bender, Prof. W. Fricke, Dr. B.

Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics: A Preview (Review).- Establishment of Terrestrial Reference Frames by New Observational Techniques (Review).- Ideal Reference Frames, Concepts and Interrelationships (Review).- Relativistic Effects in Reference Frames (Review).- Kinematic and Dynamic Reference Frames (Review).- Reference Coordinate System Requirements for Space Physics and Astronomy (Review).- Celestial Reference Frames (Review).- Some Geodetic Aspects of the Plate Tectonics Hypothesis (Review).- The Theoretical Description of the Nutation of the Earth (Invited).- The Definition of the Terrestrial Coordinate Frame by Long Baseline Interferometry (Invited).- A New Parameterization of Polar Motion.- Comments on the Terrestrial Pole of Reference, the Origin of the Longitudes, and on the Definition of UTl (Invited).- The Effects of the Reference Frames and of their Realization on the Earth Rotation Parameters Computed from Different Observational Techniques (Invited).- On the Adoption of a Terrestrial Reference Frame (Invited).- On the Establishment of Terrestrial Coordinate System by Classical Techniques (Invited).- On Reference Coordinate Systems Used in Polar Motion Determinations (Invited).- The Short Period Latitude Variations Derived from Recalculated Past ILS Observations.- Determination of “Decade” Fluctuations in the Earth’s Rotation, 1620–1978.- On the Annual Earth’s Rotation.- Positioning with the Global Positioning System (Invited).- Relationship between Terrestrial and Satellite Doppler Systems (Invited).- Some Considerations in the Use of Very-Long-Baseline-Interferometry to Establish Reference Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics (Invited).- Use of Gravity Measurements in Defining and Realizing Reference Systems for Geodynamics (Invited).- Local Geometric and Gravimetric Datum and Its Relation to the Global Terrestrial Reference System.- Errors in Pole Coordinate Obtained by the Doppler Satellite Positionings (Invited).- Motions of Artificial Satellites and Coordinate Systems (Invited).- Origin and Scale of Coordinate Systems in Satellite Geodesy (Invited).- Critical Remarks on the Possibility of Determining Variations of the Geocenter Position Using Geostationary Satellite Observations.- The Reference Frames and a Transformation of the Spherical Functions.- Concepts of Reference Frames for a Deformable Earth.- Combined Space Geodetic and Geophysical Measurements for Studies of Crustal Movement in Scandinavia.- Dynamics of an Artificial Satellite in an Earth-Fixed Reference Frame: Effects of Polar Motions.- A Note on the Origin, Objectives and Programme of Project Merit.- The Application of Faint Minor Planet Dynamics to the Problems of Improving the Fundamental Reference System (Invited).- Relativistic Reduction of Astronomical Measurements and Reference Frames (Invited).- Planetary Ephemerides (Invited).- New Celestial Reference System (Invited).- Apport des Observations d’Occultations Stellaires en vue du Rattachement du Systeme Dynamique au Systeme Geometrique (Invited).- Dynamical Constants and Reference Parameters for Mars.- Orientation of FK4 System from Meridian Observations of Planets.- Definition and Practical Realization of the Reference Frame in the FK5 — The Role of Planetary Dynamics and Stellar Kinematics in the Definition (Invited).- The Stellar Reference Frame from Space Observations (Invited).- Dynamical Equinox and Analytical Theory of the Sun.- Development of a Radio-Astrometric Catalog by Means of Very Long Baseline Interferometry Observations.- Systematic Differences between Radio Astrometric Surveys.- Contribution des Astrolabes au Raccordement des Systemes de Reference “Optique” et “Radio”.- An Attempt to Compare the Radio Astronomical System of Coordinates of Quasars with FK4.- Comments on Conventional Terrestrial and Quasi-Inertial Reference Systems.- Resolution.