Science on Form

This book is the Proceedings of the First International Symposium for Science on Form. The Symposium was held on November 26 through 30, 1985 at the University of Tsukuba, Japan. It was organized by The Society for Science on Form, J::.!pan, and sponsored by the Foundation for Advancement of International Science (F AIS). The purpose of the Symposium was to discuss interdisciplinal science aspects of form. "Form", to exhibit its tremendous characters, depends on the material and the changes. But, it is the form that appears evident at once and endures. Form is absorbed from every field as media of information. Thirty years and more ago, interdisciplinal problems between earthethics and science were submitted to a symposium on Form in Nature and Art. The relation between form and function had been emphasized philosophically and psychologically. In this quarter century, information theory had exactly decided figures, electronic computer had easily calculated graphics, and laser hologram had completely contained the objective image and reconstructed it.

Opening.- Interest in Form in Japan and the West.- Pattern Formation and Morphogenesis I.- Fractal Phenomena.- Patterns and Disorder in Fractal Growth Processes.- Directed Dendritic Fractals.- Experimental Investigations on the Fractality and Kinetics of Aggregation.- Diffusion-limited Aggregation with a Restriction of Growth Direction.- Dynamical Pattern-formation in Temperature Barkhausen Effect.- Application of Fractal Theory to Radiographic Screen-film Graininess.- Fractal Dimensions of Spatial Digital Noise by Scintillation Camera.- Pattern in Systems of Active Elements.- Growth Forms of Snow Crystals.- Dynamical Pattern Formation of an Evaporating Drop.- Dynamics of Random Interfaces with a Nonzero Initial Order Parameter.- Axonal Microtubules in Squid Giant Axons Observed under an Optical Microscope and Their Structural Relation to the Membrane Excitability.- A Stochastic Model of Branching of Plant Trees.- Lattice Models for Solidification and Aggregation.- Phase Transitions in 2-dimensional Stochastic Cellular Automata.- Cellular Automata and Chaos in N-equivalent Switching Elements.- Morphometry and Stereology I.- General Theory and Statistical Method.- On a Distance between Two Curves.- Determination of Sphere Sized Distribution from Chord Length Square (CLS) Distribution.- 3-D Stereological Probes Using ‘Optical Sections’ in Scanning Light Microscopy.- Spatial Tessellations and Their Stereology.- On the Stereology of the Radial Distribution Function of Hard-sphere Systems.- Probabilistic Characterization of the Inner Order of Random Structures.- Micromechanics of Inhomogeneous Materials.- Stereological Approaches to Cementitious Composites.- A Stereological Study on Crack Geometry of Discontinuous Rock Masses.- Compatibility Conditions for Granular Assembly.- Morphological Analysis of Materials.- Size, Shape and Texture Analysis.- A Quantitative Analysis Method for Orientation of Fibrous Pattern.- A Simplified Conversion Method of Contour Line Surface Model to Mesh Surface Model.- Pattern Recognition and Image Processing I.- Three-dimensional Shape Features and Image Understanding.- 3-D Seismic Velocity Structure beneath Southwest Japan Revealed by Geotomography.- Structural Features of Three-dimensional Images.- Form Recognition Using Moment Invariants for Three Dimensional Perspective Transformations.- A Vision System for Bin-picking Tasks Guided by an Interpretation Tree from a CAD Model.- A Correspondence between Line Drawings of Polyhedrons and Plane Skeletal Structures.- Image Generation and Graphics.- Recursive Interpolation.- 3-D Brain CT Image Display for Planning of Craniofacial Operation.- Rugged Texture Generation by Stochastic Models.- Stereographic Semitransparent Images Reconstructed by Computer Graphics from Serial Microscopic Sections.- Laser Fourier Morphometry on Cell Surface with Micro-spheres Bound by Means of Antigen-antibody Reaction to Specific Sites Assisted by Computer Graphics.- Pattern Formation and Morphogenesis II.- Mechanism of Form and Pattern Creation in Living Systems I.- Patterns are Universal Restrictions in Space-time, A Theory Exemplified by Sexual Neurogenesis.- Growth Descriptors for Brain Development.- Synthetico-analytic Approach to Mechanism of Shaping of the Brain through Simulation with 3D Computer Graphics.- Mechanisms of Form and Pattern Creation in Living Systems II.- Form Adaptation of Individual Biological Structures to Mechanical Stress.- A Checkerboard-like Cellular Pattern Due to Difference of Cell Adhesion.- Morphogenesis and Cell Specification at Embryonic Stage; Theoretical Analysis on Mosaic Eggs.- Tooth Pattern: Towards a Mathematical Principle to Determine the Patterns.- Shape and Force in Cell Division.- Pattern Recognition and Image Processing II.- Two-dimensional Shape Features and Textures.- Computational Geometry and Morphology.- Spectral Analysis of Form Based on Fourier Descriptors.- Recognition of Shape and Transformation: An Invariant-theoretical Foundation.- Extraction of Lines of Unspecified Texture from Unconstrained Line Drawings.- Adjacency Relations among Figures on a Digitized Image Plane with Applications to Texture Analysis.- Two-Dimensional Auto-regressive Model for Analysis and Synthesis of Gray-level Textures.- Pattern Formation and Morphogenesis III.- Structure of Random Cellular Networks.- New Models of Synergetics Topology and Their Reciprocal Space-filling Transformations.- Nonperiodic Tesselation with Eight-fold Rotational Symmetry.- Three-dimensional Penrose Transformation and the Ideal Quasicrystals.- Derivation of the Probability Density Function of Distance and Its Applications to Urban Facility Planning.- Morphometry and Stereology II.- The Form in Living Structures-Quantification and Functional Correlation.- Supracellular Structural Principle of Multicellular Organisms.- Stereology of Arbitrarily Shaped Particles: Unbiased Estimation of Number and Sizes.- Numerical Density Estimation of Mitochondria in Thick Slice by Transmission Electron Microscopy.- Size Distribution Pattern of Thyroid Follicles and Langerhans Islets Correlated with Their Hormone-secreting Activity.- Diagnostic Morphometry: Relevant Background to Decisionmaking in Diagnostic Histopathology.- The 3-D Microstructure of Cancer and Its Topological Properties.- Application of Symbolic Logic to the Morphometric Study of Coronary Diabetic Microangiopathy.- Color Image Analyzer and Its Application for Quantitative Morphology-Quantitative Fluorescence Image Analysis.- Pictorial Demonstration of Stereological Principles.- The Morphogenesis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy of Heart as Correlated with the Muscle Fiber Orientation.- A Consideration of Geometrical Similarity in the Muscles of Animals of Different Body Dimensions in Relation to Physical Work Capacity.- Pattern Formation and Morphogenesis IV.- New Optimality Theory in Nature.- A Trip in Julia Space: Morphological Change of Complex Boundaries.- Shapes of Trees within a Controlled Sphere of Light.- Generalised Crystallography.- Quasicrystals.- High-resolution Electron Microscopy of Al-Mn-Si Quasicrystal.- Possible Sphere Packings of Quasicrystal.- Closing Address Ogawa, T..- Symposium Program.- List of Participants.- Author Index.- Keyword Index.