Sensing Issues in Civil Structural Health Monitoring

Civil infrastructure systems are generally the most expensive assets in any country, and these systems are deteriorating at an alarming rate. In addition, these systems have a long service life in comparison to most other commercial products. As well, the introduction of intelligent materials and innovative design approaches in these systems is painfully slow due to heavy relianceon traditional construction and maintenance practices, and the conservative nature of design codes. Feedback on the "state of the health" of constructed systems is practically nonexistent. In the quest for lighter, stronger and corrosion-resistant structures, the replacement of ferrous materials by high-strength fibrous ones is being actively pursued in several countries around the world, both with respect to the design of new structures as well as for the rehabilitation and strengthening of existing ones. In North America, active research in the design of new highway bridges is focused on a number of specialty areas, including the replacement of steel reinforcing bars in concrete deck slabs by randomly distributed low-modulus fibers, and the replacement of steel prestressing cables for concrete components by tendons comprising super-strong fibers. Research is also being conducted on using FRPs to repair and strengthen existing structures.

Foreword; Preface; Chapter I: Global perspectives on structural health monitoring of civil structures. Are civil structural engineers 'risk averse'? Can civionics help?, A.A. Mufti, B. Bakht, G. Tadros, A.T. Horosko, and G. Sparks; Monitoring technologies for maintenance and management of urban highways in Japan, Y. Adachi; The role of sensing and measurement in achieving FHWA’s strategic vision for highway infrastructure, S.B.Chase; Recent development of bridge health monitoring system in Korea, H.M. Koh, S. Kim, and J.F. Choo; A strategy to implement structural health monitoring on bridges, C. Sikorsky; Sensors — not just for research anymore, N.P. Vitillo; Investigation of the dynamic properties of the Brooklyn Bridge, Q. Ye, G. Fanjiang, and B. Yanev; Chapter II: Monitoring issues in ancient and modern structures. Distributed sensing technologies for monitoring frpstrengthened structures, Z.S. Wu and C.Q. Yang; Problems and perspectives in monitoring of ancient masonry structures, A. De Stefano and R. Ceravolo; Monitoring and response of CFRP prestressed concrete bridge, N.F. Grace; Design of temporary and permanent arrays to assess dynamic parameters in historical and monumental buildings, P. Clemente and D. Rinaldis; FRP-Strengthened structures: Monitoring issues from Québec applications, P. Labossière, P. Rochette, K.W. Neale, and M. Demers; Structural and material monitoring of historical objects, M. Drdáck; Chapter III: Sensing of structural parameters and extreme events. Internal and external sensing for post-earthquake evaluation of bridges, M. Saud Saudi, R. Nelson, and P. Laplace; Application of em stress sensors in large steel cables, M.L.Wang, G. Wang, and Y. Zhao; Enhancing durability of structures by monitoring strain and cracking behavior, B. Hillemeier, H. Scheel, and W. Habel; Development of an earthquake damage detection system for bridge structures, H. Kobayashi andS. Unjoh; Determination of rebar forces based on the exterior crack opening displacement measurement of reinforced concrete, T. Matsumoto and M.N. Islam; Monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology for tunnel structures and other infrastructure, K. Fujihashi, K. Kurihara, K. Hirayama, and S. Toyoda; Development of FBG sensors for structural health monitoring in civil infrastructures, Z. Zhou and J. Ou; Chapter IV: Smart sensors, imaging and NDT of civil structures. Monitoring of a smart concrete beam, Q.B. Li, L. Li, and F. Zhang; Fiber optic nerve systems with optical correlation domain technique for smart structures and smart materials, K. Hotate; Use of active sensors for health monitoring of transportation infrastructure, S. Nazarian; Health monitoring of concrete structures using self-diagnosis materials, H. Inada, Y. Okuhara, and H. Kumagai; Application of image analysis to steel structural engineering, K. Tateishi and T. Hanji; Shape memory alloy based smart civil structures with self-sensing and repairing capabilities, H. Li, C. Mao, Z. Liu, and J. Ou; Smart sensors and integrated SHM system for offshore structures, Z. Duan, J. Ou, Z. Zhou, and X. Zhao; Chapter V: Sensor system design, data quality, processing, and interpretation. Design considerations for sensing systems to ensure data quality, R. Zhang and E. Aktan; Practical implementations of intelligent monitoring systems in HIT, J.Ou; Health monitoring, damage prognosis and service-life prediction — issues related to implementation, V.M. Karbhari; Adaptive event detection for shm system monitoring, D.K. McNeill and L. Card; A note on interpretation of shm data for bridges, B. Bakht; Chapter VI: Sensor and instrumentation performance and reliability instrumentation performance during long-term bridge monitoring, I.N. Robertson, G.P. Johnson, and S. Wang; Stability and reliability of fiber-optic measurement systems —