Riassunto
Control systems are found in a wide variety of areas, including chemical processing, aerospace, manufacturing, and automotive engineering. Beyond the controller, sensors and actuators are the most important components of the control system, and students, regardless of their chosen engineering field, need to understand the fundamentals of how these components work, how to properly select them, and how to integrate them into an overall system. In Sensors and Actuators: Control System Instrumentation, bestselling author and expert Clarence de Silva outlines the fundamentals, analytical concepts, modeling and design issues, technical details, and practical applications of these devices. This text begins with a general introduction to control and various types of control systems, followed by component interconnection, signal conditioning, and performance specification and analysis. The author then systematically describes important types, characteristics, and operating principles of analog sensors, digital transducers, stepper motors, continuous-drive actuators, and mechanical transmission components, progressing from basic to more advanced concepts. Throughout the book, convenient snapshot windows summarize important and advanced theory and concepts, accompanied by numerous examples, exercises, case studies, and end-of-chapter problems. Ideally suited to both senior undergraduate and first-year graduate courses, Sensors and Actuators: Control System Instrumentation builds a firm foundation for future work in control and can be easily followed by students from almost any engineering discipline.
Contenuti
CONTROL, INSTRUMENTATION, AND DESIGN
Introduction
Control Engineering
Control System Architectures
Organization of the Book
Problems
COMPONENT INTERCONNECTION AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
Component Interconnection
Impedance Characteristics
Amplifiers
Analog Filters
Modulators and Demodulators
Analog-Digital Conversion
Sample-and-Hold Circuitry
Multiplexers
Digital Filters
Bridge Circuits
Linearizing Devices
Miscellaneous Signal-Modification Circuitry
Signal Analyzers and Display Devices
Problems
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
Parameters for Performance Specification
Time-Domain Specifications
Frequency-Domain Specifications
Linearity
Instrument Ratings
Bandwidth Design
Aliasing Distortion due to Signal Sampling
Bandwidth Design of a Control System
Instrument Error Analysis
Statistical Process Control
Problems
ANALOG SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
Terminology
Potentiometer
Variable-Inductance Transducers
Permanent-Magnet Transducers
Variable-Capacitance Transducers
Piezoelectric Sensors
Effort Sensors
Strain Gages
Torque Sensors
Tactile Sensing
Gyroscopic Sensors
Optical Sensors and Lasers
Ultrasonic Sensors
Thermofluid Sensors
Other Types of Sensors
Problems
DIGITAL TRANSDUCERS
Advantages of Digital Transducers
Shaft Encoders
Incremental Optical Encoders
Absolute Optical Encoders
Encoder Error
Miscellaneous Digital Transducers
Problems
STEPPER MOTORS
Principle of Operation
Stepper Motor Classification
Driver and Controller
Torque Motion Characteristics
Damping of Stepper Motors
Stepping Motor Models
Control of Stepper Motors
Stepper Motor Selection and Applications
Problems
CONTINUOUS-DRIVE ACTUATORS
DC Motors
DC Motor Equations
Control of DC Motors
Motor Driver
DC Motor Selection
Induction Motors
Induction Motor Control
Synchronous Motors
Linear Actuators
Hydraulic Actuators
Hydraulic Control Systems
Fluidics
Problems
MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION COMPONENTS
Mechanical Components
Transmission Components
Lead Screw and Nut
Harmonic Drives
Continuously Variable Transmission
Problems
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING
ANSWERS TO NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
INDEX
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