Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters

A lively demonstration of the great vitality and the multidisciplinary character of cluster research and of the usefulness of synthesizing its various aspects was given at this symposium. This volume covers all aspects of the physical and chemical properties of free and supported clusters or small particles: static, dynamical, electronic, magnetic and optical properties, adsorption and chemical phenomena. It thus gives a complete overview of the status of the field and its development.

Formation.- The smoke ion source: a device for the generation of cluster ions via inert gas condensation.- Electron diffraction studies of pulsed cluster beams.- Equilibrium intermetallic particles in the gas phase-A Knudsen cell mass spectrometric study.- Neutralization and matrix deposition experiments on mass-selected silver atoms and clusters.- Palladium particles growth on various aluminas.- Comparison between the growth of gold particles onto MgO and amorphous carbon substrates by in situ electrical conductance measurements.- Morphology determination of small particles by electron microscopy and electrical conduction measurements.- Size-dependent thermodynamic properties of silver aggregates. Simulation of the photographic development process.- Sodium clusters in zeolites.- Minimal spanning tree analysis of regular, random and cluster structures.- Atomic Structure.- On the structure and stability of small metal particles: high-resolution UHV electron microscope study.- A group theoretical paradigm for describing the skeletal molecular orbitals of cluster compounds. Part 3.- Theoretical studies on carbon and silicon clusters: comparison of the structures and stabilities of neutral and ionic forms.- Quantum mechanics and the structure of noble-gas clusters.- Binding energy of large icosahedral and cuboctahedral Lennard-Jones clusters.- Energy barriers and structural transitions of small Al clusters.- Model potential for beryllium clusters.- Structure and dynamics of Lennard-Jones clusters with impurities.- Stability of relaxed Lennard-Jones models made of 500 to 6000 atoms.- Description of metallic and covalent clusters with icosahedral symmetry: the polytope model.- Structural transition in SF6 clusters.- Electron diffraction on unsupported ultrafine silver particles.- Structure of Ag, Fe and Ge microclusters.- Structure investigation of multiply-twinned Ni particles by electron investigation.- Structure of an icosahedral palladium particle.- Structural investigations of metal clusters by HREM.- The structure of small penta-twinned gold particles.- Electron microscope studies of the regular twinning structure and the grain boundary structure in a system of cobalt particles.- Fine particles of icosahedral quasicrystal formed by gas evaporation technique.- Lattice imaging of bismuth clusters.- Modes of deformation under varied tensile directions in laminar, colloidal gold.- Atomic structural rearrangements induced by electron beam heating of coalesced palladium particles.- Structure of small palladium particles studied by HRTEM.- Size distribution of Bi clusters deposits on amorphous carbon substrates.- Stresses induced in the deposit substrate interface during small particles growth.- Nm-sized crystallites embedded in single crystalline films of magnesium oxide.- Dynamics.- Small clusters: between dynamics and thermodynamics.- Dynamic and quantum size effects in molecular clusters.- Computer simulations of photoionization.- Rotating clusters: centrifugal distortion, isomerization, fragmentation.- More on the melting of Lennard-Jones clusters.- Thermal decay of Lennard-Jones clusters.- Dynamics of transition-metal clusters.- The thermal motion of gold atoms in metal cluster compounds as determined by Mössbauer and specific heat.- Stability and Fragmentation.- Stability of alkali-atom clusters.- Jellium-model calculation for monomer and dimer decays of some potassium clusters.- Theoretical study of the stability of XnN(n= ?1, 0, +1, +2; X = Ag, Cu; N?25) clusters as a function of size using a non-local density functional formalism.- Theory of fragmentation of metal clusters.- Evaporation of tetramers in Sb4n clusters and conditions for the formation of Sb2n+1 clusters.- Role of fragmentation processes in the liquid metal ion source production of aggregates.- Cluster cations ejected from liquid metal ion source: alkali metals (Li, Na) and group IV elements (Si, Ge, Sn, Pb).- Sputtered metal and silicon cluster ions: collision-induced fragmentation and neutralization.- Enrichment of Zintl cluster ions.- Enrichment and segregation in alkali heteroclusters.- Metal-insulator transitions in microclusters? Mixed sodium/sodium chloride aggregates.- Dissociation of small metal particles induced by surface plasmon excitation with laser light.- Sodium halide clusters: evidence for direct electronic fragmentation.- Ionization dynamics of van-der-Waals clusters.- Metastable decay of rare gas cluster ions: mechanism and kinetics.- Intra-cluster ion-molecule reactions and photodissociation of molecular clusters.- Magic numbers of large rare gas clusters.- Fragmentation of neutral van der Waals clusters with visible laser light: a new variant of the Raman effect?.- Multiply charged cluster ions of Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, O2, CO2, SO2 and NH3: Production mechanism, appearance size and appearance energy.- Quantized losses from charged nitrogen clusters.- Observation and investigation of metastable decay series of (N2)+n cluster ions.- Electron attachment to clusters composed of closed shell, hydrogen containing molecules.- A mechanism of electron attachment to small clusters.- Electron bombardment fragmentation of size selected molecular clusters.- Kinetic energy release of clusters after multiphoton ionisation with time of flight and electrostatic analyser techniques.- Interactions of electrons with SF6: ionization and attachment.- Electronic Structure and Properties.- General properties of the electronic structure of alkali metal clusters and Ia ― IIa mixed clusters.- Metallic free clusters.- Electronic structure of metal clusters.- Electronic properties of small platinum particles as seen by NMR.- Investigation of local chemical and electronic properties of small particles with EELS point analysis and image energy filtering in a STEM.- Electronic correlation and effective interactions in small alkali clusters.- New methods for the calculation of the electronic structure of clusters: application for Na13 to Na147.- Static electric dipole polarizability of small sodium aggregates.- Electronic structure and stability of charged beryllium clusters.- Magnetism and local order.- Calculation of the size dependence of the ionization energy and autoionization energy of Hg-clusters.- Shell structure of electronic states of Cu clusters.- The nickel-group IV molecules NiC, NiSi, and NiGe.- First-principles calculations of K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectra of some transition metal dimers.- Compared electronic structure of negative ions MpC?n : I. Normal elements in Hückel theory.- Electronic structure of spheroidal metal containing carbon shells: study of the LaC60 and C60 clusters and their ions within the local density approximation.- Molecular orbital calculations on transition metal clusters.- Bonding in nickel cluster carbonyls.- NMR in aluminum small particles in high magnetic field.- Size dependence of the paramagnetic susceptibility of Mg and Zn clusters.- Photoemission from tin and lead cluster anions.- Electronic and chemical properties of indium clusters.- Anomalous nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in copper small particles.- Core edge energy loss studies of Pd clusters on graphite.- Auger and electron energy loss spectroscopies of small palladium particles supported on (111) oriented MgO films.- Electron distribution on small Ni particles and Ce ions in X and Y zeolites related to their catalytic properties.- Vacuum-UV photoemission-photoion coincidence spectroscopy of neutral metal atom clusters.- Fluorescence of rare gas clusters excited with synchrotron radiation.- Ionization energies of cesium and cesium oxide clusters.- Electronic shell structure in Cs-O clusters.- Physical properties of high-nuclearity metal cluster compounds.- NMR of metal-core bonded 31P in polynuclear metal cluster compounds.- Magnetic properties and EPR spectroscopy of molecular metal clusters.- EPR on the high-nuclearity palladium cluster Pd561Phen36O200.- Ac and dc electrical conductivity of polynuclear metal cluster compounds.- Electrical and magnetic properties of thin films containing metal clusters.- Optical Properties.- Optical absorption of small metallic particles.- The size dependent shift of the surface plasmon absorption band of small spherical metal particles.- Investigation of surface plasma resonances in small sodium clusters.- Absorption spectroscopy of size-selected trimers and pentamers transition metal clusters isolated in rare gas solids: preliminary steps.- Fluorescence spectroscopy of laser vaporized species.- UV-visible and Raman investigations of matrix isolated adducts between metal vapors of chromium and benzene: selective photoirradiations effects.- Nanosecond emission spectra in ?m space of Si particles sputtered by laser irradiation.- Melting for lead particles of very small sizes; influence of surface phenomena.- Nonlinear optics in quantum confined semiconductor particles.- Many-cluster-systems: models of inhomogeneous matter.- Optical properties of systems containing Au55-clusters.- Electronic excitations in many-particle systems: a quantitative analysis.- Precursor-states of percolation in quasi-fractal many-particle-systems.- The relationship of Au55(PPh3)12Cl6 to colloidal gold.- Adsorption and Chemical Reactions.- Reactivity of free clusters.- Cluster-model study of the interaction of halogen atoms with Ag clusters.- On the splitting of the CO 1? level in the chemisorption system CO/Ni (111): substrate or lateral interaction?.- Chemisorption and chemical reactions on size selected clusters.- Sequential reactions of silicon clusters with SiD4: constrained heterogeneous nucleation of deuterated silicon particles.- Monitoring adsorption on small particles.- Reactions of small carbon cluster ions with HCN: a structural probe.- Reaction of Aln clusters with oxygen and ammonia.- Size effects in the CO-oxidation over supported Pd particles.- Influence of the precursors on the properties of alumina supported rhodium particles.- Influence of dispersion on the energies of adsorption: H2, CO, propylene and propyne on supported Pd or Pt.- Electronic effect induced by variation of size for Pd clusters in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation.- Structure flexibility of iridium metal aggregates. Comparison with platinum and rhodium.- Surface oxidation and reduction of small platinum particles observed by in-situ X-ray diffraction.- Optical and chemical studies of II–VI compound clusters.- Conclusions.- Author Index.