Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters

This issue of Zeitschrift fUr Physik D contains papers which were presented at the 5th International Symposium on Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters. ISSPIC5 was held at the University of Konstanz, Germany, from September 10 to 14, 1990. There were 33 invited talks, and 295 papers were contributed. 14 particularly interesting papers had been selected by the International Advisory Board: they were presented during one of the regular sessions. In addition, two last-minute contributions, describing break­ throughs in the synthesis and characterization of size-selected fullerene carbon clusters, were communicated orally. The other contributions were presented during two poster sessions, comprising nearly twice as many papers as during the previous symposium in Aix-en-Provence, in 1988. Approximately 250 manuscripts were received, and all were refereed during the sympo­ sium. Several of them had to be revised, but only a small number were rejected. The contributions in this volume are grouped according to the topic, roughly following the scheme adopted during the conference.

1.- Simple Metal Clusters.- Simple metal clusters.- High resolution spectroscopy of small metal clusters.- Photoabsorption spectra of s1-electron metal clusters.- Shells and supershells in metal clusters.- Electronic shells and shells of atoms in metallic clusters.- Computer simulations of small semiconductor and metal clusters.- Quantum molecular interpretation of absorption spectra of small alkali metal clusters.- Optical spectra of sodium microclusters.- The influence of shells, electron thermodynamics, and evaporation on the abundance spectra of large sodium metal clusters.- Thermal electronic properties of alkali clusters.- Semiclassical variational study of size effects in neutral and charged jellium droplets.- Applying ZEKE-spectroscopy to clusters.- A pseudo-Jahn-Teller treatment of the B system of Na3.- A localized-orbital Hartree-Fock description of alkali metal clusters.- Calculation of photoionization cross sections of small metal clusters.- Absolute cross sections for electron impact ionization of Ag2.- Photoabsorption spectra of CsnO and Csn clusters.- Thermal broadening of plasmon absorption in potassium cluster ions.- The response of metal clusters to q- and L-dependent external fields.- Response properties of sodium clusters within a jellium-like model with finite surface thickness.- The elastic scattering on jellium clusters.- Semiclassical variational calculation of liquid-drop model coefficients for metal clusters.- Surface and volume collective modes in small clusters and their interaction with single-particle levels.- The self-consistent spheroidal jellium model of open-shell monovalent metal clusters.- Calculated electronic properties of medium sized sodium clusters: the inhomogeneous jellium model.- Investigation of large electronic shells in Cs-compound clusters.- Multipotential model for atoms in alkali microclusters.- Small clusters made up of three kinds of neutral alkali atoms.- Bimetallic cluster cations ejected from a liquid metal ion source: Li-Na and Li-Mg.- Electronic properties of aluminum clusters compared with the jellium model.- Spectroscopy of size-selected sodium clusters.- Stability of isomeric Nan clusters.- Shell effects on symmetric fragmentations of alkali-metal clusters.- Shell effects on fragmentations of doubly-charged silver clusters.- Electronic shell structure in multiply charged silver clusters.- Shell effects in singly and multiply charged silver and gold clusters.- Optical spectroscopy on size selected gold clusters deposited in rare gas matrices.- Nonsimple Metal Clusters.- Photoelectron spectroscopy and UV/Vis-photoabsorption spectroscopy of isolated clusters.- Electronic properties of divalent-metal clusters.- Bonding properties of IIA and IIB dimers in density functional theory with gradient corrections to the local density approximation.- Structural and dynamical properties of magnesium microclusters.- A density functional molecular dynamics study of the bonding and stability of Mgn clusters (n = 2?13).- Enthalpies of formation of gaseous Zintl-molecules over sodium-tellurium alloys.- Electronic states of Mn microclusters.- Magic numbers in SIMS of Mn similar to those of charged Ar clusters.- Structure of small rare earth clusters.- Generation of rare earth metal clusters by means of the gas-aggregation technique.- Neutral mass-selected lead cluster beams.- Studies of Sb and Bi clusters produced by laser desorption.- Linear and circular dichroism detection of magnetic torque on matrix isolated small manganese clusters.- Photo-induced inter-conversion reactions between atoms and small aggregates of chromium trapped in argon matrices.- Theory for the optical properties of small Hgn clusters.- On the transition from localized to delocalized electronic states in divalent-metal clusters.- Mercury clusters: jellium-like mass spectra and threshold laws for electron impact ionisation.- Partial photoionization cross sections of large mercury clusters and liquid mercury in the vacuum ultraviolet photon energy region.- Ultraviolet photoelectron studies of the molecules Se5, Se6, Se7 and Se8 with relevance to their geometrical structure.- Electronic structure of selenium- and tellurium-clusters.- Comparison between selenium and tellurium clusters.- Magnetic Properties.- Magnetic properties of free alkali and transition metal clusters.- Orbital magnetism in finite size systems.- Magnetic deflection of neutral metal clusters in a beam.- Symmetry and ferromagnetic clusters.- Magnetic properties of nm-sized iron crystallites and clusters embedded in vacuum-deposited MgO films.- Magnetic properties of 3d-transition-metal alloy clusters: (FexCr1?x)n.- Metallic susceptibility in a giant molecule: Pd561 Phen36O200.- Disappearance of long range spin-order in ultrafine magnetite particles.- Mössbauer spectroscopic characterization of ultrafine iron oxide and oxyhydroxide prepared by oxidative hydrolysis.- Structural and magnetic properties of Ba-ferrite fine particles grown by glass crystallization.- Imaging.- Electron transfer processes in scanning tunneling spectroscopy through small supported particles.- Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy for cluster and small particle research.- Atomic resolution electron microscopy of small metal clusters.- Ultra-fine particles of TiN.- Structure of supported palladium, silver and gold clusters.- Lattice defects in decahedral multiply twinned particles of palladium.- Growth mechanism of gold particles on A12O3 substrates.- Adhesion of small particles of palladium on A12O3 substrates.- A scanning tunneling microscope study of single platinum atoms, platinum dimers and trimers on highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite.- Scanning tunneling microscopy of sputtered aluminum particles.- Ultrafine particles adsorbed on HOPG measured by STM.- STM observation of Au fine-particles on graphite.- Adsorption and Chemical Properties.- Silicon clusters: chemistry and structure.- Gas phase reactivity of thermal metal clusters.- Adsorption —desorption kinetics on epitaxially oriented palladium clusters.- Gold clusters: reactions and deuterium uptake.- Reactivity and stability of bimetallic clusters.- Structure of the CO bond on supported Pd particles: influence of size and surface state.- Topological segregation in small bimetallic particles.- Dissociative chemisorption of D2 on a Ni13 cluster.- Chemical identification of icosahedral structure for cobalt and nickel clusters.- Adsorbate binding energies for ammonia on cobalt and nickel clusters.- Reactivity of positively charged cobalt cluster ions with CH4,N2,H2,C2H4, and C2H2.- Model study of the nonadiabatic effects in the interaction of atomic hydrogen with lithium metal clusters.- FTMS studies of sputtered metal cluster ions (IV): size-selective effects in the chemistry of Fen+ with NH3 and Pdn+ with D2 or C2H4.- The clustering reactions of Na+ and Pb+ with several important ligands…..- Silver-halogen cluster compounds AgnXm (n ? 2; 0 ? m ? n; X = F, Br).- Carbon Clusters.- How we came to produce C60-fullerite.- Thermionic emission from giant fullerenes.- The structure of small carbon clusters.- Is C4 bent?.- Structural stability and energetics of C, Si, and Ge microclusters: empirical many-body potential energy function calculation.- Evidence of linear chain for n? 10 carbon negative ion clusters revealed by mass selected photodetachment spectroscopy.- Cn carbon clusters (n = 4?6, 60, 70): interesting cases of computation/observation comparisons.- Electronic transitions in C60 and its ions.- Simulated annealing and collision properties of carbon clusters.- Structural properties of 3-dimensional carbon clusters.- Reaction of small carbon clusters with hydrogen during laser vaporization of graphite.- 2.- Stability and Electronic Structure of Nonmetallic Clusters.- Optical properties and electronic excitations of rare gas clusters.- Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of solvated electron cluster anions, (H2O)n- and (NH3)n-.- Electron transfer from state-selected Rydberg atoms to (N2O)m and (CF3Cl)mclusters.- Experimental (LMIS) and theoretical study of Sin Aump+ and GenAump+.- The photoionization dynamics of Ne clusters.- Theoretical study of the visible photodissociation spectrum of Ar3+.- TPEPICO studies near ionization threshold of argon and krypton clusters.- Photofragmentation and photoabsorption cross sections for mass selected argon cluster ions, n=3 to 108.- Electron energy loss spectroscopy of van-der-Waals clusters.- On the nature of bulk and surface excitations in argon clusters.- Rotationally resolved ultraviolet spectra of benzene-noble gas van der Waals clusters.- Stable shell structures in hydrogen-bonded complexes.- Theory for excess electrons in clusters of rare gas atoms.- Photoabsorption of sulfur dioxide cluster anions.- Surface induced ionization of neutral water clusters.- Spectroscopy of free sodium-ammonia clusters.- Photoelectron spectroscopy of negative ions solvated in clusters.- A REMPI study of solvation of small Hgn clusters by polar molecules.- Geometric and electronic structure of clusters.- Electronic structures and stabilities of GeCn and Ge2Cnin Hückel theory.- Compared electronic structures of negative ions MpCn- II. Transition metals in Hückel theory.- Metal carbide clusters formed by laser ablation of metal oxide-graphite systems..- Experimental and theoretical studies of the structure of alkali halide clusters.- Mass spectrometric study of MgO clusters produced by the gas aggregation technique.- Decay and Fragmentation.- Fragmentation of doubly charged noble metal clusters.- Systematics of evaporation.- Liquid drop model of multiply charged metal cluster fission.- The relation of cluster ion distributions to neutral cluster distributions in cluster beam experiments.- Evaporation rates of hot sodium clusters.- Evaporation of atoms from metal clusters.- Hot tungsten clusters: competition between atom ejection and thermionic emission.- Stability of Au22+ metastability through an excited state?.- On the stability of Pb -clusters.- Ejection, excitation and decomposition of large clusters from the surface of group II, III and IV elements by excimer laser excitation.- Collisional electron emission at solid surfaces induced by mass selected negative cluster ions.- Molecular dynamics calculation of the sticking coefficient of gases to surfaces.- On the structure and stability of Arnand Arn+ clusters at finite temperature.- Photofragmentation of clusters ions: the visible photoabsorption spectrum of Ar2N.- Metastable decay of Arn+ involving single monomer evaporation and the loss of peculiar numbers of monomers.- Frequencies of breathing vibrations of nearly spherical Ar clusters calculated by molecular dynamics.- Evaporation of Lennard-Jones clusters.- Is cluster evaporation statistical? A comparison of simulation results for Ar13 with exact classical phase space theory.- Energetics and structure in I2? (CO2)n clusters.- IR-photodissociation of size selected molecular clusters and their structures.- Fragmentation by electron impact ionization and intracluster reactions of size selected (N2H4)nand (OCS)n clusters.- Energy transfer rates in inhomogeneous van der Waals clusters.- Metastable decay and binding energies of van der Waals cluster ions.- Fragmentation dynamics of ammonia cluster ions after single photon ionisation.- Metastable dissociation dynamics of molecular cluster ions.- Production and stability of oxygen cluster cations and anions, revisited.- Cluster size effect on electron-induced luminescence.- Structural Phase Transitions and Quantum Clusters.- Isomer- and “phase”-selective spectroscopy of van der Waals solvent clusters..- Epitaxial clusters in single crystal hosts.- Quantum statistical effects in helium clusters.- Structure of small molecular hydrogen clusters.- Temperature jump induction of isomerization dynamics of alkali halide clusters.- Some aspects of dynamic chaos in small Lennard-Jones clusters.- Melting of gold microclusters.- Structural and dynamical properties of transition metal clusters.- Temperature-induced structural transitions and vibrational properties of microclusters: ab-initio molecular dynamics studies.- Microscopic solvation: spectroscopic results vs. Monte Carlo simulations.- Size effects in the solid phase transition of SF6 clusters.- Kinetics of phase changes in large molecular clusters.- Theory of the structural fluctuation of Au55 clusters.- Evidence of liquid state for small bismuth particles.- Melting of non-spherical ultrafine particles.- Size effect in 3Hen aggregates. A Gutzwiller approach.- Collective excitations of 3Hen clusters.- Small Particles and Transition to Bulk Properties.- The AC and DC conductivity in aggregates of ligand stabilized metal-cluster molecules.- Mesoscopic systems.- Spontaneous coalescence in ultrafine metal particle aggregates.- Optical plasmon losses in stabilized Au55 clusters.- Optical extinction on free, supported and embedded metal clusters.- Cluster matter: the transition of optical elastic scattering to regular reflection.- Small silver particles in glass surface layers produced by sodium-silver ion exchange—their concentration and size depth profile.- Aggregates of small silver particles in surface layers of glasses — electron microscopy and optical microspectroscopy.- Multifractal analysis of gas evaporated metal particle aggregates.- Optical properties of fractal clusters of small metallic particles.- Fractal analysis of the coalescence process of Au nano-meter particles dispersed in 2-propanol.- Low-temperature specific heat of the cluster compound Au55(P(C6H5)3)12Cl6.- NMR in metal cluster compounds compared to glasses.- Superconducting lead cluster films with particle size dependent reduction of Tc.- Effective dielectric functions of samples obtained by evaporation of alkali halides.- Linear and nonlinear optical studies of CdS1?xSex quantum dots.- An atomic-scale model of fcccrystal-growth.- Some problems concerning the definition of a dividing surface and its influence on the calculation of thermodynamical parameters of small clusters.- Particle size effects of clusters and crystallites.- Localization in small fcc-particles with surface irregularities and disorder.- Molecular statistical description of small thermodynamic systems:problems and possibilities.- Nanocrystals grown in amorphous Cr and CrNi thin films.- Identification of diluted small defect clusters in silicon by electron paramagnetic resonance.- Photoemission on gold-55-clusters derived from gold-phosphine AUP(C6H5)3Cl.- Optical spectra and laser-induced dissociation of supported Na particles.- Electronic structure of deposited monosized metal-clusters.- Electronic structure of Cr clusters on graphite.- Synchrotron radiation study of silver and chromium particles supported on graphite.- Cluster Formation and Technical Developments.- Lognormal distribution as the natural statistics of cluster systems.- Nucleation and condensation to a single equilibrium cluster regime in a Monte Carlo experiment.- Spectroscopic study on the crystal growth in gas evaporation: emission and absorption spectra from Cu smoke.- High resolution MW spectroscopy of Rydberg clusters for the studies of small metal cluster ions: a preliminary experiment.- Production of “cold/hot” metal cluster ions: a modified laser vaporization source.- A new type of cluster and cluster ion source.- The pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS).- Large clusters of cesium from pure vapor expansions.- Formation of silver clusters in nozzle expansions.- Cluster generation in expansions of pure water vapour and of mixtures with carbon dioxide.- A supersonic beam ion cyclotron resonance instrument for the study of van der Waals cluster ions.- An improved laser vaporization cluster source and time-of-flight mass spectrometer.- Cluster isobars for high-precision mass spectrometry.- Nucleation and particle growth in the prep...