Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation

In every respect, human development and human security are closely linked to the productivity of ecosystems. Our future rests squarely on their continued viability. UNDP, UNEP, World Bank, World Resources Institute: World Resources 2000- 2001. People and Ecosystems. The Fraying Web of Life. 1. OBJECTIVE OF THE BOOK Soil, surface waters/sediments and shallow unprotected groundwater aquifers are interrelated compartments of the environment that are particularly easy to compromise, sensitive to short- and long-term pollution and directly affect sustainability of ecosystems and human health. Routine human activity such as application of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture and forestry, or wet and dry deposition of atmospheric pollutants emitted from industrial plants, waste disposal and other practices adversely affect soil and water quality that already increasingly suffers from mismanagement in many areas. The predominant sources of pollution result in non-point contamination that is particularly difficult to reduce and control. Wars, accidents and natural emergency cases such as catastrophic floods that occur partly due to anthropogenically disturbed global water balance also add to overall increase of diverse contaminant loads in soil and water. Beneficial properties of some bulk waste materials such as biosolids (sewage sludge), biowaste (e. g. municipal waste composts) or fly ash from coal combustion xi xii Preface encourage applying these waste to land as a source of nutrients and organic matter, or as a soil amendment.

Contents.-Preface.- Acknowledgements.- Contributors.- 1. Introduction: Spread and Distribution of Hazardous Chemicals in Soils and Water ― A Global Problem 1.1. Diagnosis and prognosis of the distribution of contaminants in the geosphere; U. Mingelgrin and A.Nasser.-1.2. Persistent organic pollutants in Egypt - an overview Moh.T.Ahmed.- 2. Fate and Behavior of Anthropogenic Pollutants in Soils and Water. 2.1. Fundamental Issues in Sorption Related to Physical and Biological Remediation of Soils; J. J. Pignatello.- 2.2. The role of humic substances in the fate of anthropogenic organic pollutants in soil with emphasis on endocrine disruptor compounds; E.Loffredo and N.Senesi.- 2.3. Incorporating bioavailability into criteria for metals; H.E. Allen and C.R. Janssen.- 2.4. The metal uptake and accumulation in fish living in polluted waters; B. Jezierska and M.Witeska.- 3. Advances in Chemical and Biological Techniques for Environmental Monitoring and Predicting. 3.1. Sensoristic approach to biological damage and risk assessment; L. Campanella and C.Costanza.-3.2. Advanced environmental biochemical sensor for water monitoring. Automated Water Analyser Computer Supported System (AWACSS); G.Proll et al.- 3.3. Genetically engineered microorganisms for pollution monitoring; S. Belkin.- 3.4. Some advances in environmental analytics and monitoring; A.Kot-Wasik and J.Namiesnik.-3.5. Fiber optic system for water spectroscopy; A. G. Mignani et al.-, 3.6. Predicting metal uptake by plants using DGT technique H. Zhang and W. Davison .- 3.7. On conceptual and numerical modeling of flow and transport in groundwater with the aid of tracers: a case study ; J.Kania et al.- 4. Novel Physico-Chemical Techniques of Soil and Water Protection and Remediation. 4.1. Current and future in situ treatment techniques for the remediation of hazardous substances in soil, sediments, and groundwater; R.A. Olexsey and R..A.. Parker.- 4.2. Long-term performance of permeable reactive barriers:lessons learned on design, contaminant treatment, longevity, performance monitoring and cost ― an overview ; R.W. Puls.- 4.3. Using abundant waste and natural materials for soil and groundwater protection against contamination with heavy metals. Prospects and areas of application ; I.Twardowska et al.- 4.4. Mediating effects of humic substances in the contaminated environments. Concepts, results, and prospects; I. V. Perminova et al.- 4.5. Metal binding by humic substances and dissolved organic matter derived from compost; Y.Chen et al.- 4.6. The effect of organic matter from brown coal on bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils; S.Piotr et al.- 4.7. Use of activated carbon for soil bioremediation; G. K. Vasilyeva et al.- 4.8 Adsorption of anions onto sol-gel generated double hydrous oxides; N.I. Chubar et al.- 4.9. Xenobiotic pharmaceuticals in water and methods to prevent their appearance in drinking water.Photolytic and Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals; F.H. Frimmel and T.E. Doll.- 4.10. UV/VIS light-enhanced photocatalysis for water treatment and protection; J. Hupka et al.- 4.11..New horizons in purification of liquids. Novel colloidal and interfacial strategies to remove hazardous molecules, viruses and other microorganisms from water; D.O. Shah and M.A. James.- 4.12. Fly ash-organic byproduct mixture as soil amendment K. S. Sajwan et al.- 5. Biosystems for Non-Destructive Remediation and Immobilization of Pollutants in Soils, Sediments and Detoxification of Industrial Wastes. 5.1. Phytoremediation and phytotechnologies: a review for the present and the future; N.Marmiroli et al.- 5.2. Constructed wetlands and their performance for treatment of water contaminated with arsenic and heavy metals; U. Stottmeister et al.- 5.3. Disposal of sewage effluent and biosolids in eucalyptus plantations: a lysimeter simulation study; P.Fine et al.- 5.4. Phytoremediation of explosives in toxic wastes ; Th. Vanek et al.- 5.5. Floating aquatic