Solving Tribology Problems in Rotating Machines. H Prashad

Bearings are widely used in rotating machines. Understanding the factors affecting their reliability and service life is essential in ensuring good machine design and performance. Solving Tribology Problems in Rotating Machines reviews these factors and their implications for improved machine performance. The first two chapters review ways of assessing the performance and reliability of rolling-element bearings. The author then goes on to discuss key performance problems and the factors affecting bearing reliability. There are chapters on cage and roller slip, and particular types of failure in equipment such as alternators, condensers and pumps. The author also reviews the effects of such factors as localised electrical currents, seating, clearance, grades of lubricant, axial forces, vibration on performance and service life. The book concludes by reviewing ways of improving bearing design. Solving Tribology Problems in Rotating Machines will be an essential reference for engineers involved in the design and operation of rotating machines in such sectors as power generation, electrical and automotive engineering.

Reliability Analysis of Rolling-Element Bearings
A General Review
Introduction
Detection of Bearing Malfunction and Determination of Defect Frequencies
Resonant Frequencies
Experimental Procedure
Instrumentation Details and Techniques
Determination of Defect Frequencies and Energy Levels
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Nomenclature

Functional Performance of Rolling-Element Bearings for Acceptance in Routine Applications
A General Review
Introduction
Bearing Test Philosophy
Bearing Test Machine
Experimental Procedure
Data Deduction
Results and Discussion
Overall Vibration levels of Bearings
Predicted Life of Bearings
Comparison of Performance of Bearings
Conclusions and Recommendation
References

Cage and Roller Slip of Rolling-Element Bearings
A General Review
Introduction
Characteristic Defect Frequencies
Experimental Procedure
Spectral Analysis Technique
Determination of Defect Frequencies and Energy Levels
Results and Discussion
Comparison of Bearings
Conclusions
References
Appendix
Nomenclature

Diagnosis and Cause Analysis of Rolling-Elements Bearings Failure in Electric Power Equipments
A General Review
Introduction
Bearing Arrangement and Nature of Bearing Failure
Investigations, Observation of Failures and Data Collection
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References

Localized Electrical Current in Rolling-Element Bearings
A General Review
Introduction
Bearing Arrangement and Nature of Bearing Failure
Investigations, Observations and Data Collection
Theoretical Model and Approach to Determine the Flow of Localized Current in a Bearing
Field Strength on Track Surfaces of Races and Rolling-Elements
Magnetic Flux Density
Determination of Time Span for the Appearance of Flutes on Track Surfaces
Data deduction
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
Nomenclature

Response and Performance of a Rolling - Element Bearing Under the Influence of Electric Current
A General Review
Introduction
Behaviour of Greases in Non-Insulated Bearings
Effect of Current on Formation of Corrugated Pattern on Roller Track of Races of Roller Bearings
The Effect of Current Leakage on Electro Adhesion Forces in Rolling Friction and Magnetic Flux Density Distribution on Bearing Surfaces
Effect of Operating Parameters on the Threshold Voltages and Impedance Response of Non-Insulated Rolling-Element Bearings
Impedance, Capacitance and Charge Accumulation on Roller Bearings
Contact Temperature, Contact Stresses and Slip Bands Initiation on Roller Track of Races
Effects of Instantaneous Charge Leakage on Roller Tracks of Roller Bearings Lubricated with High Resistivity Lubricants
Capacitive Effects of Roller Bearings on Repeated Starts and Stops of a Machine
Mechanism of Bearing Failures
Conclusion
References
Nomenclature

The Effect of Oil Grades and Clearance Ratios on Reliability of Cylindrical Hydrodynamic Bearings
A General Review
Introduction
Background
Theoretical
Evaluation of Viscosity Coefficients
Determination of Viscosity Integral
Assessment of Bearing Performance
Effect of Oil Grades on Temperature-Rise and Safe Load-Carrying
Capacity of Bearings
Bearing Turbulence and Transition Speed
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendation
References
Nomenclature

Spherical Seating of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings
A General Review
Introduction
Theoretical Basis of the Simplified Design Methodology
Evaluation of Minimum Values of Constant of Moment of Friction and Optimum Values of the Design Parameters of Spherical Seating
Functional Nomographs for Evaluation of Optimum Values of Design Parameters of Spherical Seating
Guidelines for Choosing the Optimum Values of Design Parameters of Spherical Seating
Conclusions and Recommendation
References
Nomenclature

Life Estimation of Turbine Oils -- A Methodology and Criterion for Their Acceptance / Rejection
A General Review
Introduction
Experimental Investigations
Data deduction
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendation
References
Annexure-1

Axial Force on Motor Bearings - A Tool for Performance Evaluation
A General Review
Introduction
Axial force Measurement Technique
Experimental Determination of Axial Force
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Future Studies
Bibliography

An Analysis of the Progressive Increase in Vibration of a Large Synchronous Electric Motor
A General Review
Introduction
Possible Sources of Vibrations
Diagnosis of Causes of Vibrations
System design, Bearing Assembly and Characteristic Features of the Synchronous Motor Under Investigation
Investigations and Analysis
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendation
References

A Study of the Causes of Failure of Rolling Element Bearings in Alternators
A general review
Introduction
Design Features of the Alternators
Nature of Bearing Failure
Data collection and Investigations
Causes of Shaft Voltages and Flow of Current Through Bearings
Results and Discussions
Conclusions and Recommendation
References

The Diagnosis of the Cause of Bearing Problem in a Synchronous Condenser
A general review
Introduction
Technical Details of Synchronous Condenser
Experimental Procedure
Measurement Obtained
Theoretical
Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Data
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
Nomenclature

The Cause of Noise at the Top Bearings of Vertical Pump - Motor Sets
Introduction
Sump Layout and Construction
System Layout
System Behavior
Factors Causing the Unusual System Behavior
Vibration Spectra and Analysis
Data deduction and Discussions
Design of Bearing Used and Its Significance
Explanation of the Cause of Noise at the Motor Top Bearing
Conclusions and Recommendations
Bibliography

Modifications to the Design and Bearings of Horizontal - Axis Windmills Used for Pumping Water, to Achieve Trouble Free Reliable Operation
A general review
Introduction
Design Features
Operational Philosophy
Transmission System
The Bearings and the Performance of the Reciprocating Pump
Recommendations
Conclusions
References

Magnetic Suspension Bearings for A.C. Energy Meters
A General Review
Introduction
Design Consideration
Mechanical Requirements
Typical Construction
Frictional Torque Studies
Conclusions and Discussion
Bibliography

A New-Generation of Rolling Element Bearing with an Outline of its Performance Advantages
A General Review
Introduction
Basic Concept and Principle of Operation of DDHPB
Theoretical Analysis
Theory Behind Performance Evaluation of Bearings
Design and Test Conditions of the DDHPB
Bearing Test Set-Up and Experimental Details for Testing DDHPB Vis -a -Vis Conventional Bearings
Data Deduction
Results and Discussion
Brief Summary of the Published Papers on DDHPB
Conclusions
References
Nomenclature