The Structure of Surfaces II : Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Structure of Surfaces (ICSOS II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 22-25, 1987

This book collects together selected papers presented at the Second Interna­ tional Conference on the Structure of Surfaces (ICSOS-II). The conference was held at the Royal Thopical Institute in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 22-25, 1987. It was held in part to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the NEVAC (Netherlands Vacuum Society). The International Organizing Committee members were: M. A. Van Hove (Chairman) J. F. van der Veen (Vice-Chairman) W. F. van der Weg (Treasurer) D. L. Adams A. M. Bradshaw M. J. Cardillo D. J. Chadi J. E. Demuth J. Eckert G. Ertl S. Ino D. A. King B. I. Lundqvist J. B. Pendry Y. Petroff J. R. Smith G. A. Somorjai J. Stohr S. Y. Tong X. D. Xie The ICSOS meetings serve to assess the status of surface structure determination and the relationship between surface or interface structures and physical or chemical properties of interest. The papers in this book cover: theoretical and experimental structural techniques; structural aspects of metal and semiconductor surfaces, including relaxations and reconstruc­ tions, as well as adsorbates and epitaxial layers; phase transitions in two dimensions, roughening and surface melting; defects, disorder and surface morphology. Amsterdam, Berkeley J. F. van der Veen October 1987 M. A. Van Hove v Acknow ledgements We wish to acknowledge the many organizations and individuals whose contributions made possible the Second International Conference on the Structure of Surfaces and these Proceedings.

I Techniques.- I. 1 Theory.- Resolution in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.- Tunneling Current Between Two Nonplanar Surfaces.- Tensor LEED; New Prospects for Surface Structure Determination by LEED.- Comparison of the Quasidynamical and Tensor LEED Approximation for LEED Intensity Spectra from a Reconstructed Surface.- Surface Barrier Bound State Energies from Elastic Electron Scattering.- The Theory of SEELFS from Adsorbates.- Multiple-Scattering Studies of Normal and Off-Normal Photoelectron Diffraction of C(2×2)S-Ni(001).- I. 2 Experiment.- High Resolution Profile Imaging of Reconstructed Gold Surfaces.- Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM).- Surface Structure Analysis by Scanning LEED Microscopy.- Structural Information from Stimulated Desorption: A Critical Assessment.- Comparative Study of Graphite and Intercalated Graphite by Tunneling Microscopy.- Auger Neutralization Lifetimes for Low-Energy Ne+ Ions Scattered from Pt(111) Surfaces.- Determination of Surface Structure from the Observation of Catastrophes.- II Clean Metals.- II. 1 Relaxation and Reconstruction.- Surface Structures from LEED: Metal Surfaces and Metastable Phases.- Electrostatic Models of Relaxation on Metal Surfaces.- Asymptotic Behavior of Relaxation and Reconstruction Near Crystalline Surfaces: Application to V(100) and Al(331) Surfaces.- Ion Channeling and Blocking Investigations of the Structure of Ideal and Reconstructed Metal Surfaces.- Reconstruction of fcc(110) Surfaces.- Calculations of Structural Phases of Transition Metal Surfaces Using the Embedded Atom Method.- The (111) Surface Reconstruction of Gold in the Glue Model.- Second Layer Displacements in the Clean Reconstructed W(100) Surface.- Calculation of Ni(100) Vibrational Properties Using the Matching Procedure.- II. 2 Alloys.- LEED Study of the Structure of the Pt3Ti(510) Stepped Single Crystal Surface.- Atomic Structure of Three Low-Index Surfaces of the Ordered Binary Alloy NiAl.- Structure, Electronic Properties and Dynamics of the NiAl(110) Surface.- Multilayer Segregation on Pt-Ni(111), (100) and (110): Influence of the Variation of Pair Interactions at the Surface.- III Adsorbates on Metals.- Surface EXAFS on Low-Z Elements.- An Application of SEXAFS to Sub-Monolayer Complexes on Polycrystalline Surfaces.- X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Study of Mercaptide on Cu(111).- Adsorption Position of Deuterium on the Pd(100) and Ni(111) Surface Determined by Transmission Channeling.- Adsorption of Hydrogen on Rhodium (110).- Relaxation and Reconstruction on Ni(110) and Pd(110) Induced by Adsorbed Hydrogen.- EELFS Determination of Interatomic Distances in Adsorbed Monolayers.- The Structures of CO, NO and Benzene on Various Transition Metal Surfaces: Overview of LEED and HREELS Results.- Formation and Stability of a Metastable c(2×4)O Structure on an Unreconstructed Ni(110) Surface.- Surface Structures Determined by Kinetic Processes: Adsorption and Diffusion of Oxygen on Pd(100).- Mercury Adsorption on Ni(111).- Ion Scattering Study of the W(001)-(5×1)-C Surface.- Structural Determination of Oxygen Chemisorption-Site Geometry on W(211) by Low-Energy He+ ISS.- Structure of Oxygen on Ni3Al(110).- Early Stages of Ni(110) Oxidation — An STM Study.- Symmetry Rules in Chemisorption.- The Electronic Structure of Adsorbed Oxygen on Ag(110).- IV Clean Semiconductors.- Understanding the Si 7×7: Energetics, Topology, and Stress.- Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces.- Surface X-Ray Diffraction: the Ge(001)2×1 Reconstruction and Surface Relaxation.- RHEED Intensity Analysis on a Single Domain Si(100)-2×1.- Surface Electronic Structure of Si(100)2×1 Studied with Angle-Resolved Photoemission.- Screened Coulomb Interaction at Semiconductor Surfaces: The Contribution of Surface States.- On the Reconstruction of the Diamond (111) Surface.- Charge Self-Consistent Empirical Tight Binding Cluster Method for Semiconductor Surface Structures.- Two New Models for the As-Stabilized GaAs ($$ \overline {111} $$)-(2×2) Surface.- V Adsorbates on Semiconductors.- High Sensitivity Detection of a Few Atomic Layers of Adsorbate by RHEED-TRAXS (Total Reflection Angle X-Ray Spectroscopy).- Submonolayers of Lead on Silicon (111) Surfaces: An X-Ray Standing Wave Analysis.- Atomic Geometry of the Si(111)?3 × ?3-Sn Surface by X-ray Photoelectron and Auger Electron Diffraction.- Surface X-Ray Diffraction: The Atomic Geometry of the Ge(111)7×7-Sn and Ge(111)5×5-Sn Reconstructions.- Chemisorption Geometry of Molybdenum on Silicon Surfaces.- Si(100) Surface Reordering upon Ga Adsorption.- Synchrotron Radiation Study of the Au-Si(100) Interface.- Studies of the High Temperature Nitridation Structures of the Si(111) Surface by LEED, AES and EELFS.- Hydrogen Bonding onto Microcrystalline Surfaces within Anodized Porous Silicon Crystals Studied by Infrared Spectroscopy.- The Oxygen Coverage on Diamond Surfaces.- H-Induced Reconstruction at the (110) Faces of GaAs and InP.- Indiffusion and Chemisorption of B, C, and N on GaAs and InP.- Structure of Platinum Metal Clusters Deposited on the TiO2 Surface by X-Ray Photoelectron Diffraction (XPED).- VI Epitaxy.- Strained Layer Epitaxy.- Critical Misfits for Lattice-Matched Strained Monolayers.- Interface Pseudomorphism Detected by Mössbauer Spectroscopy.- The Study of Epitaxy with Spot Profile Analysis of LEED (SPA-LEED).- Epitaxial Growth Studied by Surface X-Ray Diffraction.- The Epitaxial Growth of Nickel on Cu(100) Studied by Ion Channeling.- Structure and Ferromagnetism of Thin Magnetic Layers.- VII Phase Transitions.- VII. 1 Transitions in Two Dimensions.- Temperature-Dependent Dynamics of a Displacively Reconstructed Surface: W(001).- Surface Core Level Shifts for the Clean-Surface and Hydrogen-Induced Phase Transitions on W(100).- Theory of Phase Transitions on H/W(110) and H/Mo(110) Systems.- Critical Phenomena of Surface Phase Transitions: Theoretical Studies of the Structure Factor.- Order-Disorder Critical Behaviour in the System Oxygen on Ru(001).- Structure and Phase Transitions of Incommensurate Xe Layers on Pt(111).- The Temperature Dependence of the Near Order Structure of Au(110) Studied by Ion Scattering Spectrometry (ISS).- High Resolution He-Scattering Studies of Physisorbed Films.- VII. 2 Roughening.- The Step Roughening of the Cu(113) Surface: A Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering Study.- Roughening on (11m) Metal Surfaces.- Determination of the Kink Formation Energy and Step-Step Interaction Energy for Vicinal Copper Faces by Thermal Roughening Studies.- The Phase Diagram of Vicinal Si(111) Surfaces Misoriented Toward the [110] Direction.- Atom Scattering from a Markovian bcc(001) Surface.- VII. 3 Surface Melting.- Theory of Surface Melting and Non-Melting.- Experimental Investigations of Surface Melting.- Mean-Field Theory of Surface Melting.- Mobility of the Surface Melted Layer of CH4 Thin Films.- Diffraction Studies of Langmuir Films.- VIII Defects, Disorder and Morphology.- Simulation of Substitution Disorder Within Chemisorbed Monolayers.- Ordered Dimer Structures and Defects on Si(001) Studied by High Resolution Helium Atom Scattering.- Structure of the CaF2(111) Surface and Its Change with Electron Bombardment Studied by Impact Collision Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (ICISS).- Electron-Beam-Induced Surface Reduction in Transition-Metal Oxides.- Surface Structure of Metallic Glasses Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.- The Surface and Near Surface Structure of Metal-Metalloid Glasses.- Calculation of Diffracted Laser Beam Intensities from Non-Sinusoidal Periodic Surface Profiles Extending in the [001]-Direction on Pt(110).- Structural Changes on Ni Surfaces Induced by Catalytic CO Hydrogenation.- Surface Generation of Rayleigh Waves by Picosecond Laser Pulses.- Index of Contributors.