TEX in Practice

Although you only have one volume in front of you, writing four volumes and 1600 pages on a single subject needs some form of justification. And then on the other hand, why write even more?! Can't, at least, the preface of something that long be short?! Very well, so let's keep it short. It is my sincere hope that the series "'lEX in Practice" will be useful for your own 'lEX work. But please, before you get started, read the "Notes on ''lEX in Practice' ," because it instructs you how to use this series. You will find these notes on pages xxvii-xxxvi. The fourth and last volume deals with two different subject areas. First of all, there are the so-called output routines which are responsible for putting together the pages as generated by 'lEX. You will be amazed at how many different things can be done with 'lEX's output routines. The second subject area we are dealing with in this volume are tables. About a hundred different tables you can choose from should provide you with a starting point in the selection of tables.

32 The Page Breaking Algorithm.- 32.1 Definitions and Other Basics.- 32.1.1 Definitions Relating to the Page Breaking Algorithm.- 32.1.2 The Main Vertical List.- 32.1.3 Where Page Breaks Can Occur.- 32.1.4 Tracing TEX’s Page Break Computations, \showlists, \tracingpages.- 32.2 The Page Breaking Algorithm in General.- 32.2.1 Accounting for the Page Dimensions, \pagetotal and \pagegoal.- 32.2.2 Updating \pagegoal and \pagetotal.- 32.2.3 Printing \pagetotal and \pagegoal, \LogPageTG.- 32.2.4 Computing the Available Vertical Space on a Page, \ComputeFreeSpaceOnPage, \FreeSpaceConditional.- 32.2.5 \pagegoal and Insertions.- 32.3 Page Layouts “Bottom Flush” and “Ragged Bottom”.- 32.3.1 The Page Layouts in General.- 32.3.2 Page Layouts in the Plain Format.- 32.4 Vertical Glues of the Main Vertical List.- 32.4.1 Writing the Current Page Part of the Main Vertical List to a Log File.- 32.4.2 Glue Inserted at the Top of Every Page, \topskip.- 32.4.3 Implicit Vertical Glues and Page Breaks.- 32.4.4 Explicit Vertical Glues and Page Breaks.- 32.4.5 Closing Remark.- 32.5 Penalties Controlling Page Breaks.- 32.5.1 Macros Combining Vertical Glue and Vertical Penalties, \smallbreak, \medbreak, and \bigbreak.- 32.5.2 Explicit Vertical Penalties, \filbreak, \goodbreak, \eject.- 32.5.3 Applying Explicit Vertical Penalties.- 32.5.4 Implicit Vertical Penalties.- 32.5.5 Illustrating \interline-, \club-, \widow- and \brokenpenalty.- 32.5.6 Page Breaks Around Headings.- 32.5.7 Other Approaches to Header Macros.- 32.6 Other Page Break Algorithm Controlling Parameters.- 32.6.1 Some Basic Parameters.- 32.6.2 Other \page Parameters.- 32.7 Insertions.- 32.7.1 Insertion Classes Are Identified by Numbers.- 32.7.2 \newinsert To Allocate a New Insertion Class.- 32.7.3 Registers in Insertions.- 32.7.4 Generating Insertion Material (\insert).- 32.7.5 Updating \pagegoal in Insertion Processing.- 32.7.6 \insertpenalties.- 32.7.7 \floatingpenalty.- 32.7.8 Counter Parameter \holdinginserts.- 32.7.9 Concluding Remarks About Insertions.- 32.8 Comparing the Line Breaking and the Page Breaking Algorithm.- 32.9 Summary.- 33 Output Routines, Basics.- 33.1 An Overview of the Presented Output Routines.- 33.2 The Page-Breaking Algorithm and Output Routine.- 33.3 Comments on Generating the Chapters on Output Routines.- 33.3.1 Merging DVI Files.- 33.3.2 Dimensions in the Presented Output Routines.- 33.3.3 Visible Boxes in Output Routines.- 33.4 Basics of Output Routines.- 33.4.1 Setting Up an Output Routine, \output.- 33.4.2 Logical/Physical Page.- 33.4.3 Page Dimensions.- 33.4.4 Left-Hand and Right-Hand Pages.- 33.4.5 Portrait Mode and Landscape Mode.- 33.5 Page Numbering, \pageno.- 33.5.1 Page Numbers and \shipout.- 33.5.2 Roman Page Numbers in the Plain Format.- 33.5.3 Plain Format Macros to Administer Page Numbers.- 33.5.4 Double Page Numbers.- 33.5.5 Page Numbers as in “Page 3 of 12”.- 33.6 Box Register 255 and the Output Routine.- 33.6.1 \outputpenalty, \supereject.- 33.6.2 Ending a Document, \end, \bye.- 33.6.3 Vertical Material Generated in the Output Routine.- 33.6.4 Shifting Pages Horizontally and Vertically, \hoffset and \voffset.- 33.6.5 Output Routines Form Implicit Groups.- 33.7 Page Layout and the Output Routine.- 33.8 Summary.- 34 Some Simple Output Routines..- 34.1 Two Trivial Output Routines.- 34.2 An Output Routine for the Selective Printing of Pages.- 34.3 Output Routine Generating Double Rules Around Pages.- 34.4 An Output Routine with Running Heads.- 34.4.1 The Code of the Output Routine.- 34.4.2 An Example Application of the Preceding Output Routine.- 34.5 Output Routine to Print Library Cards.- 34.5.1 The Code of the Output Routine.- 34.5.2 The Source Code of the Example Application.- 34.5.3 The Log File.- 34.6 Specific Positioning Printing.- 34.7 Marks.- 34.7.1 Generation of a Mark Using \mark.- 34.7.2 Accessing Marks by \topmark, \firstmark, and \botmark.- 34.7.3 A Short Example.- 34.7.4 Using Marks for Printing Running Heads in Dictionaries.- 34.7.5 Marks and Running Heads as Used in This Series.- 34.8 Summary.- 35 The Plain Format Output Routine and Insertions.- 35.1 A Brief Overview.- 35.2 A Simplified Output Routine of the Plain Format.- 35.2.1 Running Header and Running Footer, \headline,.- \footline.- 35.2.2 Suppressing the Printing of the Page Number, \nopagenumbers.- 35.2.3 The Code of the Simplified Plain Format Output Routine.- 35.3 The Ordinary Plain Format Output Routine.- 35.4 The Insertions of the Plain Format.- 35.4.1 Footnotes in the Plain Format, \footnote.- 35.4.2 Automatically Numbered Footnotes, \FootNote.- 35.4.3 Topinsertions, Applying \topinsert ... \endinsert.- 35.4.4 Applying \pageinsert ... \endinsert.- 35.4.5 Applying \midinsert ... \endinsert.- 35.4.6 The Macros of the Insertion Class \topins.- 35.4.7 The Definitions of \supereject and \dosupereject.- 35.5 Oversized Insertion Material.- 35.5.1 An Example Showing the Problem.- 35.5.2 Fixing the Problem.- 35.5.3 Repeating the Preceding Example.- 35.6 Modifying \pagecontents and \endinsert.- 35.6.1 A Redefined \pagecontents.- 35.6.2 An Extended \endinsert.- 35.7 Improving \midinsert.- 35.7.1 The Strategy of Fixing \midinsert.- 35.7.2 The Source Code of the New \midinsert.- 35.7.3 Showing That It Works.- 35.8 Dumping the Page’s Main Vertical List into the Logfile, \ShowPlainLists.- 35.9 Output Routine and Related Macros for This Series.- 35.9.1 The Output Routine Used in This Series.- 35.9.2 The Definition of \@PageLayoutCodeThree.- 35.9.3 Figures and Tables Using \topinsert.- 35.10 Summary.- 36 Output Routines with Insertions.- 36.1 An Output Routine Setup for the Development of an Index.- 36.1.1 The Output Routine for Index Printing.- 36.1.2 An Example Application of the Preceding Output Routine.- 36.1.3 A Different Approach Solving the Same Problem.- 36.2 An Output Routine with Flexible Figure Caption Placement.- 36.2.1 Sketching Two Different Solutions.- 36.2.2 Presenting the Solutions.- 36.2.3 Code Common to Both Output Routines.- 36.2.4 The Source Code of the Two Pass Output Routine.- 36.2.5 The Code of the Second Output Routine (One Pass Approach).- 36.2.6 The Source Code of the Example Applications of the Preceding Output Routines.- 36.3 Footnote-Related Problems in the Design of Output Routines.- 36.3.1 Footnote Numbering Reset on Every Page.- 36.3.2 Multiple Footnote References.- 36.4 Limitations of the Insertion Concept.- 36.5 Summary.- 37 Double Column Output Routines.- 37.1 Double Column Output Routine I.- 37.1.1 Source Code of the Output Routine.- 37.1.2 An Example Application.- 37.2 A Single/Double Column Output Routine.- 37.2.1 Macros to Be Called by the User.- 37.2.2 A Quick Rundown.- 37.2.3 The Page Layout of the Presented Macros.- 37.2.4 Column Break Computations.- 37.2.5 Column Break Cases in the Double Column Output Routine.- 37.2.6 On the Presentation of the Macros.- 37.2.7 The Output Routine Macros Source Code.- 37.2.8 The Example Source Code.- 37.3 Summary.- 38 Tables in TEX Using \halign.- 38.1 The Page Layout of the Chapters on Tables.- 38.2 Basics.- 38.2.1 Templates and Preamble.- 38.2.2 Special Symbols and Control Sequences in Tables.- 38.2.3 The General Structure of a Table Built with \halign.- 38.2.4 How TEX Evaluates a Tabled Coded by \halign.- 38.3 Simple Tables.- 38.3.1 Standard Templates.- 38.3.2 A Very Simple Table.- 38.3.3 Leaders in Templates.- 38.3.4 Font Changes and Inline Math Mode in Templates.- 38.3.5 Columns Form Implicit Groups.- 38.3.6 Eliminating a Column.- 38.3.7 Determining the Width of a Column.- 38.3.8 Headings and Table Entries.- 38.3.9 Repeated Use of Table Entries.- 38.3.10 Repeated Entries in Columns.- 38.3.11 Templates Without Glue.- 38.3.12 Omitting Templates, \omit.- 38.3.13 Omitting and Skipping Columns, Empty Rows.- 38.3.14 Using Glue of a Higher Order to Change Justification.- 38.3.15 Static Columns.- 38.3.16 Repeated Use of the Same Template(s).- 38.3.17 Spaces After the Tab Character “&” Are Ignored.- 38.4 Spacing Between Table Columns, \tabskip.- 38.4.1 Identical \tabskip for All Columns.- 38.4.2 Tables with Different \tabskips for Each Column.- 38.4.3 Spaces and Templates.- 38.4.4 Incomplete \tabskip Specifications.- 38.4.5 The Special Importance of First and Last \tabskip.- 38.4.6 \tabskip Default, tab0.- 38.4.7 Another Example.- 38.5 Controlling the Spacing Between Columns by Glue in Templates.- 38.6 Numerical Alignment.- 38.6.1 The Right-Justified/Left-Justified Solution.- 38.6.2 The Decimal Point as an Alignment Character.- 38.6.3 Aligning Numbers Using a Dummy Character.- 38.7 The Width of a Table.- 38.7.1 \halign spread and \halign to.- 38.7.2 Presetting the Width of Each Column.- 38.8 Summary.- 39 More Tables in TEX Using \halign..- 39.1 Vertical Spacing of Tables.- 39.2 Inserting Material Not Subject to Alignment, \noalign.- 39.2.1 Changing the Vertical Spacing with \noalign.- 39.2.2 Inserting Horizontal Rules with \noalign.- 39.2.3 Multiple \noaligns.- 39.2.4 Double Printed Horizontal Rules.- 39.2.5 Horizontal Rules Made Part of the \vbox Enclosing the.- Table.- 39.3 Entries Spanning Multiple Columns.- 39.3.1 Macro \hidewidth.- 39.3.2 \span and \omit, \multispan.- 39.3.3 A Problem with \multispan.- 39.3.4 Headers Over Left- and Right-Justified Columns.- 39.4 Struts and the Vertical Spacing of Tables.- 39.4.1 A Table with Strut-Controlled Spacing.- 39.4.2 Using \offinterlineskip but No Struts.- 39.4.3 Using a Different Strut.- 39.5 Vertical Rules in Tables.- 39.5.1 A Simple Example.- 39.5.2 Separating Struts and Vertical Rules.- 39.5.3 Multiple Vertical Rules.- 39.6 Vertical and Horizontal Rules.- 39.6.1 \tabskips and Struts.- 39.6.2 Double Vertical Rules.- 39.6.3 Fine-Tuning Vertical Rules.- 39.6.4 Vertical Rules and \multispan.- 39.6.5 First and Last Rows in a Table with Horizontal Rules.- 39.6.6 Horizontal Rules Spanning Selected Columns Only.- 39.7 The Proper Way to Input Tables.- 39.8 Summary.- 40 Even More Tables.- 40.1 Centering a Table on the Page.- 40.1.1 Centering a Table Using Display Mathmode.- 40.1.2 Centering a Table Using \tabskip.- 40.1.3 One Column Text, Widest Entry Centered.- 40.1.4 Centering a Table Using \centerline.- 40.2 Sparse Tables.- 40.2.1 An Example.- 40.2.2 Naming Columns.- 40.3 Vboxes as Table Entries.- 40.3.1 A Paragraph As a Table Entry.- 40.3.2 Improved Version of a Paragraph within a Table.- 40.3.3 Another Case of a Paragraph in a Table.- 40.3.4 Tables Inside Tables.- 40.4 Tables and Paragraphs.- 40.4.1 A Paragraph Followed by a Table.- 40.4.2 Footnotes in Tables.- 40.4.3 Paragraphs Between Table Rows.- 40.4.4 Computing the Width of a Paragraph Table Column.- 40.5 Tables Can Run Across Multiple Pages.- 40.6 Macros to Build Tables and Preambles.- 40.6.1 Beginning and Ending Tables using \bgroup and \egroup.- 40.6.2 Macros Defining a Preamble.- 40.6.3 Macros for Templates.- 40.6.4 Template Macros, Forced Expansion Using \edef.- 40.6.5 Template Macros, Forced Expansion Using \span.- 40.6.6 Changing Templates.- 40.6.7 A Forgotten \cr Can Be Inserted Automatically, \crcr.- 40.6.8 Macros to Begin and En nd Centered Tables.- 40.7 Summary.- 41 Still Tables.- 41.1 Numerical Computations in Tables.- 41.2 Parentheses Around and Within Tables.- 41.2.1 Parenthesis Around a Table.- 41.2.2 Increasing the Height and Depth of Parentheses Around Tables.- 41.2.3 Parentheses Spanning Multiple Rows Within a Table.- 41.3 Vertical Splitting Tables by Hand.- 41.3.1 An Easy Example.- 41.3.2 Splitting the Table Twice.- 41.3.3 Penalty Controlled Splits.- 41.3.4 Page Breaks in Tables with Horizontal Rules.- 41.4 Table-Related Macros in the Plain Format.- 41.5 Vertical Alignment, \valign.- 41.6 Double Tables.- 41.6.1 Some Double Table Examples.- 41.6.2 Organizing a Double Table.- 41.6.3 Printing the Left and Right Table Separately.- 41.6.4 Double Tables with Semiautomatic Determination of the Column Widths of Text Columns.- 41.6.5 Stretching Tables without Paragraph Text Columns.- 41.7 The Placement of Tables.- 41.7.1 Tables within Paragraphs.- 41.7.2 Two Tables Side-By-Side.- 41.8 The Token Register \everycr.- 41.8.1 \everycr and \cr of the Preamble.- 41.8.2 An Example.- 41.9 Expansion Issues in Tables.- 41.10 Summary.- Source Code File Index.