TouchPoints: Heaven
By RANDY ALCORNTyndale House Publishers, Inc.
Copyright © 2008 Eternal Perspective Ministries
All right reserved.ISBN: 978-1-4143-2360-2Contents
Author's Note......................................................................................................xvIntroductionPART I THE PRESENT HEAVEN What the Bible says about where we go first when we die.................................1What is the "present Heaven"?......................................................................................3Are there actually two distinct Heavens?...........................................................................4Do we remain conscious after death?................................................................................7Is the present Heaven a physical place?............................................................................10Do people have intermediate bodies in the intermediate Heaven?.....................................................15Will we be judged when we die?.....................................................................................17What is life like in the present Heaven?...........................................................................19Do Heaven's inhabitants remember life on Earth?....................................................................22Do people in the present Heaven see what is happening on Earth?....................................................26Do people in Heaven pray for those on Earth?.......................................................................27Can it be Heaven if people are aware of anything bad on Earth?.....................................................30Will we live in Heaven forever?PART II THE ETERNAL HEAVEN What the Bible says about where we will live forever...................................33Where do we get our misconceptions about Heaven?...................................................................35Is Heaven beyond our imagination?..................................................................................36If "no eye has seen" Heaven, how can we know about it?.............................................................39Is the eternal Heaven an actual place?.............................................................................40Is Heaven our default destination ... or is Hell?..................................................................42Is Hell real?......................................................................................................43What did Jesus say about Hell?.....................................................................................45What will it mean to unite Heaven and Earth?.......................................................................46Will the old Earth be destroyed ... or renewed?....................................................................49Will the New Earth be familiar ... like home?......................................................................51What will it mean to see God in Heaven?............................................................................54What will it mean for God to dwell among us?.......................................................................57Will God serve us?.................................................................................................58How will we worship God in Heaven?.................................................................................60Will we actually rule with Christ in Heaven?.......................................................................63How will we rule God's Kingdom?PART III LIFE ON THE NEW EARTH A topical guide to our many questions about the eternal Heaven.....................67Abilities..........................................................................................................69Age................................................................................................................71Alien Life.........................................................................................................72Angels.............................................................................................................74Animals............................................................................................................82Anticipation.......................................................................................................84Bodies.............................................................................................................87Books and Reading..................................................................................................90Boredom............................................................................................................92Clothing...........................................................................................................94Conflict...........................................................................................................95Culture............................................................................................................97Desires............................................................................................................98Emotions...........................................................................................................100Entertainment and Recreation.......................................................................................102Equality...........................................................................................................104Family.............................................................................................................105Food and Drink.....................................................................................................108Free Will..........................................................................................................109Friendships........................................................................................................111Gender.............................................................................................................112Hell...............................................................................................................114Homes..............................................................................................................116Identity...........................................................................................................121Knowledge and Learning.............................................................................................124Landmarks..........................................................................................................126Languages..........................................................................................................128Laughter and Fun...................................................................................................129Marriage...........................................................................................................131Music..............................................................................................................133Nature.............................................................................................................139New Jerusalem......................................................................................................143Oceans.............................................................................................................145Pets...............................................................................................................146Physical Space.....................................................................................................147Possessions........................................................................................................151Privacy............................................................................................................152Relationships......................................................................................................157Remembering the Old Earth..........................................................................................161Resurrection.......................................................................................................164Rest...............................................................................................................166Rewards............................................................................................................167Sex................................................................................................................169Sin................................................................................................................171Sleep..............................................................................................................172Space and the Universe.............................................................................................178Sports.............................................................................................................179Technology.........................................................................................................182Time...............................................................................................................184Time Travel........................................................................................................186Tree of Life.......................................................................................................189Unfulfilled Dreams.................................................................................................190Weather............................................................................................................192WorkPART IV CAN YOU KNOW YOU'RE GOING TO HEAVEN?PART V GOD'S PROMISES ABOUT HEAVEN.................................................................................211Scripture Index
Chapter One
THE PRESENT HEAVEN What the Bible says about where we go first when we die
* * *
What is the "present Heaven"?
* 1 Thessalonians 4:13 ... Dear brothers and sisters, we want you to know what will happen to the believers who have died so you will not grieve like people who have no hope.
* Philippians 1:23 ... I'm torn between two desires: I long to go and be with Christ, which would be far better for me.
The apostle Paul considered it vital for us to know what happens when we die: "Dear brothers and sisters, we want you to know what will happen to the believers who have died."
Most of this book will be centered on the eternal Heaven-the place where we will live forever after the final Resurrection. But because we've all had loved ones die, and we ourselves will die unless Christ returns first, we should consider what Scripture teaches about the present Heaven-the place Christians go when they die-and where they will live until the return of Christ and the final Resurrection.
When Christians die, they enter into what is often called the "intermediate state," a transitional period between their past lives on Earth and their future resurrection to life on the New Earth. By definition, an intermediate state or location is temporary. "Intermediate" does not mean a halfway place that's only sort of Heaven, but the place where we will live between our lives here and the "final" Heaven that will be centered on the New Earth.
Life in the Heaven we go to when we die is "far better" than living here on Earth under the Curse, away from the direct presence of God. Though it will be a wonderful place, the present Heaven is not the place we are made for, the place God promises to refashion for us to live in forever. God's children are destined for life as resurrected beings on a resurrected Earth.
Are there actually two distinct Heavens?
* Revelation 21:1 ... I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the old heaven and the old earth had disappeared. And the sea was also gone.
Books on Heaven often fail to distinguish between the intermediate and the eternal states, using the one word-Heaven-as all-inclusive. But this keeps us from understanding important biblical distinctions.
In this book, when referring to the place believers go after death, I will sometimes use the theological phrase "intermediate Heaven," but more often I will say the "present Heaven." This is because the latter term seems less confusing to most people. However, both terms refer to exactly the same place.
The present Heaven is a temporary residence where departed saints live until the return of Christ and our bodily resurrection. The eternal Heaven, the New Earth, is our true home, the place where we will live forever with our Lord and one another. The great redemptive promises of God will find their ultimate fulfillment on the New Earth, not in the present Heaven.
Once we abandon our assumption that Heaven cannot change, it all makes sense. God does not change; he's immutable. But God clearly says that Heaven will change. It will eventually be relocated to the New Earth. Similarly, what we now refer to as Hell will also be relocated. After the Great White Throne Judgment, Hell will be cast into the eternal lake of fire (Revelation 20:14-15).
Do we remain conscious after death?
* Ecclesiastes 12:7 ... The dust will return to the earth, and the spirit will return to God who gave it.
* Luke 16:22-24 ... Finally, the poor man died and was carried by the angels to be with Abraham. The rich man also died and was buried, and his soul went to the place of the dead. There, in torment, he saw Abraham in the far distance with Lazarus at his side. The rich man shouted, "Father Abraham, have some pity! Send Lazarus over here to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue. I am in anguish in these flames."
* Luke 23:43 ... Jesus replied, "I assure you, today you will be with me in paradise."
* 2 Corinthians 5:8 ... Yes, we are fully confident, and we would rather be away from these earthly bodies, for then we will be at home with the Lord.
At death, the human spirit goes either to Heaven or to Hell. Christ depicted Lazarus and the rich man as conscious in Heaven and in Hell immediately after they died. Jesus told the dying thief on the cross, "Today you will be with me in paradise." After their deaths, martyrs are pictured in Heaven, crying out to God to bring justice on Earth.
These passages make it clear that there is no such thing as "soul sleep," a long period of unconsciousness between life on Earth and life in Heaven. The phrase "falling asleep" has confused some. Given the passages that show ongoing consciousness after death, "falling asleep" is a euphemism for death, describing the body's outward appearance. The spirit's departure from the body ends our existence on Earth. The physical part of us "sleeps" until the final Resurrection, while the spiritual part of us relocates to a conscious existence in Heaven.
* Revelation 6:9-10 ... When the Lamb broke the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of all who had been martyred for the word of God and for being faithful in their testimony. They shouted to the Lord and said, "O Sovereign Lord, holy and true, how long before you judge the people who belong to this world and avenge our blood for what they have done to us?"
Every reference in Revelation to human beings talking and worshiping in Heaven prior to the resurrection of the dead demonstrates that our spiritual beings are conscious, not sleeping, after death. Nearly everyone who believes in soul sleep believes that souls are disembodied at death. In the first place, it's not clear how disembodied beings could sleep because sleeping involves a physical body, and second, the mind continues to be active while asleep, as our dreams demonstrate.
Is the present Heaven a physical place?
* Revelation 7:9 ... I saw a vast crowd, too great to count, from every nation and tribe and people and language, standing in front of the throne and before the Lamb. They were clothed in white robes and held palm branches in their hands.
* Revelation 8:6 ... The seven angels with the seven trumpets prepared to blow their mighty blasts.
* Revelation 8:13 ... I looked, and I heard a single eagle crying loudly as it flew through the air.
* Hebrews 8:5 ... [Earthly priests] serve in a system of worship that is only a copy, a shadow of the real one in heaven. For when Moses was getting ready to build the Tabernacle, God gave him this warning: "Be sure that you make everything according to the pattern I have shown you here on the mountain."
If we look at Scripture, we'll see considerable evidence that the present Heaven has physical properties. We're told there are scrolls in Heaven, elders who have faces, martyrs who wear clothes, and even people with palm branches in their hands. There are musical instruments in the present Heaven, horses coming into and out of Heaven, and an eagle flying overhead in Heaven. Perhaps some of these objects are merely symbolic, with no corresponding physical reality. But is that true of all of them?
Many commentators dismiss the possibility that any of these passages in Revelation should be taken literally, on the grounds that the book of Revelation is apocalyptic literature, which is known for its figures of speech. But the book of Hebrews isn't apocalyptic, it's epistolary. Moses was told, in building the earthly Tabernacle, "Be sure that you make everything according to the pattern I have shown you here on the mountain." If that which was built after the pattern was physical, might it suggest the original was also physical? The book of Hebrews seems to say that we should see Earth as a derivative realm and Heaven as the source realm. If we do, we'll abandon the assumption that something existing in one realm cannot exist in the other. In fact, we'll consider it likely that what exists in one realm exists in at least some form in the other.
* Hebrews 12:22 ... You have come to Mount Zion, to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to countless thousands of angels in a joyful gathering.
If we know that the New Jerusalem will be a physical city on the New Earth, and we also know that a city called Jerusalem is currently in the intermediate Heaven, doesn't that suggest this present city is physical?
* Revelation 2:7 ... To everyone who is victorious I will give fruit from the tree of life in the paradise of God.
The same physical tree of life that was in the Garden of Eden will one day be in the New Jerusalem on the New Earth (Revelation 22:2). Now, Revelation 2:7 tells us, the tree of life is (note the present tense) in the present Heaven. Shouldn't we assume the same tree, called by the same name, has the same physical properties it once had in the Garden of Eden and will have in the New Jerusalem? If it doesn't, could it really be called the tree of life?
Do people have intermediate bodies in the intermediate Heaven?
* Genesis 2:7 ... The Lord God formed the man from the dust of the ground. He breathed the breath of life into the man's nostrils, and the man became a living person.
Unlike God and the angels, who are in essence spirits (John 4:24; Hebrews 1:14), human beings are by nature both spiritual and physical. God did not create Adam as a spirit and place it inside a body. Rather, he first created a body, then breathed into it a spirit. There was never a moment when a human being existed without a body. We are not essentially spirits who inhabit bodies, we are essentially as much physical as we are spiritual. We cannot be fully human without both a spirit and a body.
Given the consistent physical descriptions of the intermediate Heaven and those who dwell there, it seems possible-though this is certainly debatable-that between our earthly lives and our bodily resurrection God may grant us some temporary physical form that will allow us to function as human beings while in that unnatural state "between bodies" awaiting our bodily resurrection. If so, that would account for the repeated depictions of people now in Heaven occupying physical space, wearing clothes and crowns, carrying branches, and having body parts (for example, Lazarus's finger in Luke 16:24).
* Revelation 10:9-10 ... I went to the angel and told him to give me the small scroll. "Yes, take it and eat it," he said. "It will be sweet as honey in your mouth, but it will turn sour in your stomach!" So I took the small scroll from the hand of the angel, and I ate it! It was sweet in my mouth, but when I swallowed it, it turned sour in my stomach.
It appears the apostle John had a body when he visited Heaven because he is said to have grasped, held, eaten, and tasted things there. To assume this is all figurative language is not a restriction demanded by the text but only a presupposition that Heaven isn't physical and people there don't have physical forms. This Revelation 10 account of John's eating a small scroll closely parallels Ezekiel 3:1-3. Of course, there is symbolic meaning to the eating of the scrolls by both Ezekiel and John, but the eating itself appears to have been literal.
* 2 Corinthians 12:3, NIV ... Whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, but God knows.
* Acts 1:11 ... "Men of Galilee," they said, "why are you standing here staring into heaven? Jesus has been taken from you into heaven, but someday he will return from heaven in the same way you saw him go!"
A fundamental article of the Christian faith is that the resurrected Christ now dwells in Heaven. We are told that his resurrected body on Earth was physical and that this same, physical Jesus ascended to Heaven, from where he will one day return to Earth. It seems indisputable, then, to say that there is at least one physical body in the present Heaven. If Christ's body in the intermediate Heaven has physical properties, it stands to reason that others in Heaven could have physical forms as well, even if only temporary ones. If we know there is physical substance in Heaven (namely, Christ's body), can we not also assume that other references to physical objects in Heaven, including physical forms and clothing, are literal rather than figurative?
* Hebrews 11:5 ... It was by faith that Enoch was taken up to heaven without dying- "he disappeared, because God took him."
* 2 Kings 2:11-12 ... As they were walking along and talking, suddenly a chariot of fire appeared, drawn by horses of fire. It drove between the two men, separating them, and Elijah was carried by a whirlwind into heaven. Elisha saw it ... as they disappeared from sight.
Enoch and Elijah appear to have been taken to Heaven in their physical bodies. Apparently Enoch's body was not left behind to bury. The Septuagint translates it as Enoch "was not found." Similarly, Elijah was taken to Heaven without dying and without leaving a body behind. Given that at least one and perhaps three people now have bodies in Heaven, isn't it possible that others might be given physical forms as well?
To avoid any misunderstanding, I need to emphasize a critical doctrinal point. According to Scripture, we do not receive resurrection bodies immediately after death. Resurrection does not happen one at a time. If we have intermediate forms in the intermediate Heaven, they will not be our true bodies, which we leave behind at death. Continuity is only between our original and our resurrection bodies.
So if we are given material forms when we die (and I'm suggesting this possibility only because of the many Scriptures depicting physical forms in Heaven), they would be temporary vessels, perhaps comparable to the human-appearing bodies that angels sometimes take on. However, they would be distinct from our true bodies, which remain dead until the final Resurrection. Any understanding of people having physical forms immediately after death that would lead us to conclude that the future resurrection is unnecessary is emphatically wrong.
Will we be judged when we die?
* Ephesians 2:8-9 ... God saved you by his grace when you believed. And you can't take credit for this; it is a gift from God. Salvation is not a reward for the good things we have done, so none of us can boast about it.
* Titus 3:5 ... He saved us, not because of the righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy. He washed away our sins, giving us a new birth and new life through the Holy Spirit.
When we die, we face judgment, sometimes called the judgment of faith. The outcome of this judgment determines whether we go to the present Heaven or the present Hell. This initial judgment depends not on our works but on our faith, which itself is called a gift of God. It is not about what we've done during our lives but about what Christ has done for us. If we have accepted Christ's atoning death for us, then when God judges us after we die, he sees his Son's sacrifice for us, not our sin. Salvation is a free gift, to which we can contribute absolutely nothing. We have only to humbly receive the gift.
(Continues...)
Excerpted from TouchPoints: Heavenby RANDY ALCORN Copyright © 2008 by Eternal Perspective Ministries. Excerpted by permission.
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