Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Guide for the Nonengineering Professionals

This volume is the only resource that describes and explains in simple, non-mathematical terms the unit processes used to treat both drinking water and wastewater. Designed to meet the information needs of professionals without an engineering background, the text presents each unit process, states what function(s) it performs, illustrates what equipment it uses, and explains what its role is in the process of purifying or cleaning water. In addition, the book places water treatment technologies in the context of overall plant operation. In addition, it explains related topics such as plant management and environmental regulations.

Preface
Acknowledgements

INTRODUCTION: PROBLEMS FACING WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT MANAGEMENT
oManagement for Water and Wastewater Treatment Facilities
oManagement Problems Facing POTWs
oCompliance with New, Changing, and Existing Regulations
oUpgrading Facilities, Equipment and Unit Processes
oStaving Off Privatization
oMaintaining a Viable Workforce
oSummary
PART 1: THE HYDROGEOLOGIC CYCLE
1. NATURAL AND URBAN WATER CYCLES
oHydrogeologic Pathways
oThe Water Cycle
oThe Urban Water Cycle
oSampling and Testing
oSummary
oReferences
PART 2: BASICS OF WATER TREATMENT
2. WATER REGULATIONS, PARAMETERS, AND CHARACTERISTICS
oPurpose: Quality Parameters for Water
oPurpose: Water Treatment
oWater Quality: Federal Regulations
oWater Quality Characteristics
oPhysical Water Quality Characteristics
oChemical Water Quality Characteristics
oBiological Water Quality Characteristics
oSummary
oReferences
3. WATER PURIFICATION: SYSTEM OVERVIEW
oProcess Purpose: Water Purification
oWater Treatment Unit Processes
oSummary
oReference
4. SOURCES, INTAKE, AND SCREENING
oIntroduction: Water Sources
oWater Sources
oProcess Purpose: Intake and Screening
oProcess Equipment: Screening
oSummary
5. COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION
oProcess Purpose
oCoagulant Chemicals
oProcess Operation: Coagulation
oProcess Operation: Flocculation
oSummary
oReferences
6. SEDIMENTATION
oProcess Purpose
oProcess Equipment
oProcess Operation
oSummary
7. FILTRATION
oProcess Purpose
oProcess Equipment
oSummary
8. DISINFECTION
oProcess Purpose
oChlorination
oAlternative Methods of Disinfection
oMembrane Processes
oSummary
9. DISTRIBUTION
oProcess Purpose and Method
oProcess Equipment
oSummary
oReference
PART 3: BASICS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
10. WASTEWATER REGULATIONS, PARAMETERS, AND CHARACTERISTICS
oPurpose: Wastewater Parameters
oPurpose: Wastewater Treatment
oWastewater Regulations
oWastewater Characteristics
oSummary
oReference
11. WASTEWATER SOURCES AND TYPES
oWastewater
oWastewater Sources and General Constituents
oAverage Wastewater Physical Characteristics
oSummary
oReference
12. BASIC OVERVIEW OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
oWastewater Treatment
oSummary

13. COLLECTION SYSTEMS
oProcess Purpose: Collection
oCollection System Types
oCollection System Components
oConstruction Materials
oMaintenance
oLine Cleaning
oCommon Collection System Problems
oNew Technologies
oSummary
oReference
14. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
oPreliminary Treatment Processes
oProcess Purpose and Equipment
oSummary
15. PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION
oProcess Purpose and Method
oProcess Equipment: Sedimentation Tanks
oSettling Tank Effluent
oSummary
16. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
oProcess Purpose
oProcess Systems
oTrickling Filters
oRotating Biological Contactors (RBCs)
oTreatment Ponds and Lagoons
oActivated Sludge Systems
oSummary
17. SECONDARY SEDIMENTATION
oProcess Purpose
oSecondary Settling
oSummary
18. ADVANCED TREATMENT
oProcess Purpose
oAdvanced Treatment Processes
oSummary
oReferences
19. WASTEWATER DISINFECTION
oProcess Purpose
oChlorination
oDechlorination
oUV (Ultraviolet) Radiation
oOzonation
oBromine Chloride
oNo Disinfection
oSummary
20. DISCHARGE EFFLUENT
oProcess Purpose: Discharge and Reuse
oWastewater Discharge
oWastewater Reuse
oSummary

PART 4: BASICS OF BIOSOLIDS TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
21. WATER SOLIDS MANAGEMENT: SYSTEM OVERVIEW
oProcess Purpose: Water Treatment Sludges
oWater Treatment Sludge Disposal Regulations
oAlum Sludge Treatment Processes
oSoftening Sludge (Lime Sludge) Treatment Processes
oSummary
oReferences
22. WATER SOLIDS TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
oWater Sludge Treatment Processes
oThickening
oCoagulant Recovery
oConditioning
oDewatering
oDrying
oDisposal
oRecoverable and Non-recoverable Water
oSummary
oReferences
23. WASTEWATER BIOSOLIDS MANAGEMENT: SYSTEM OVERVIEW
oProcess Purpose: Wastewater Biosolids Treatment
oSewage Biosolids Regulations
oProcess: Wastewater Biosolids Treatment
oPublic Opinion and Odor Control
oSummary
oReferences
24. WASTEWATER BIOSOLIDS TREATMENT
oWastewater Biosolids Treatment and Disposal Alternatives
oThickening
oStabilization
oChemical Application
oConditioning
oDewatering
oSummary
oReferences
25. WASTEWATER BIOSOLIDS DISPOSAL
oDisposal Alternatives
oDisposal Methods
oLand
oComposting
oIncineration Types of Incinerators
oAsh Disposal Versus Reuse
oSummary
oReferences
Appendix A: Summary of Major Amendment Provisions for the 1996 SDWA
Regulations

Glossary

Index