Riassunto
This eighth annual edition analyzes the international community's position on specific environment and development problems, the main obstacles to effective international solutions, and how to overcome them. It assesses both the achievements and shortcomings of co-operation, distinguishing between the rhetoric and the reality of environmental world politics.
Contenuti
Contributors to this Yearbook Introduction Helge Ole Bergesen, Georg Parmann, and Bystein B. Thomknessen Twenty Years On and Five Years In Richard Sandbrook The Forest Stewardship Council: Using the Market to Promote Responsible Forestry Eleonore Schmidt The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling: From Over-Exploitation to Total Prohibition Sebastian Oberthiir Beyond Dumping? The Effectiveness of the London Convention Olav Schram Stokke The CSD Reporting Process: A Quiet Step Forward for Sustainable Development Farhana Yamin General Environmental Concerns Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Espoo, 1991 Atmosphere Annex 16, vol. I1 (Environmental Protection: Aircraft Engine Emissions) to the 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation, Montreal, 1981 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), Geneva, 1979 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), New York, 1992 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985, including the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1987 Hazardous Substances Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movcments and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa, Bamako, 1991 Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Caused during Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, Rail, and Inland Navigation Vessels (CRTD), Geneva, 1989 Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention), Basel, 1989 Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents, Helsinki, 1992 Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region (Waigani Convention), Waigani, 1995 European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Geneva, 1957 FAO International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides, Rome, 1985 Marine Environment Global Conventions Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention 1972), London, 1972 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78), London, 1973 and 1978 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1969 (1969 CLC), Brussels, 1969,1976, and 1984 International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage 1971 (1971 Fund Convention), Brussels, 1971 Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damagc in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS), London 1996 International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Co-operation (OPRC), London, 1990 International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties (Intervention Convention), Brussels, 1969 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Montego Bay, 1982 Regional Conventions Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft (Oslo Convention), Oslo, 1972 Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based Sources (Paris Convention), Paris, 1974 Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention), Paris, 1992 Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (1974 Helsinki Convention), Helsinki, 1974 Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (1992 Helsinki Convention), Helsinki, 1992 Conventions within the UNEP Regional Seas Programme Convention on the Protection of the BlackSea against Pollution, Bucharest, 1992 Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, Cartagena de Indias, 1983 Convention for the Protection, Management, and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern Afn'can Region, Nairobi, 1985 Kuwait Regional Convention for Co-operation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution, Kuwait, 1978 Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment and Coastal Region of the Mediterranean Sea (Barcelona Convention), Barcelona, 1976 Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and GulfofAden Environment, Jeddah, 1982 Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region, Nournea, 1986 Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-East Pacific, Lima, 1981 Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region, Abidjan, 1981 7 Marine Living Resources Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), Canberra, 1980 International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), Rio de Janeiro, 1966 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), Washington, 1946 Nature Conservation and Terrestrial Living Resources Antarctic Treaty, Washington, DC, 1959 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention), Paris, 1972 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Nairobi, 1992 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), BOM, 1979 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Washington, DC, 1973 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), Ramsar, 1971 Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), Paris, 1994 FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, 1983 International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 (I'ITA, 1994), Geneva, 1994 Nuclear Safety Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (Assistance Convention), Vienna, 1986 Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (Notification Convention), Vienna, 1986 Convention on Nuclear Safety, Vienna, 1994 Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, Vienna, 1963 Freshwater Resources Convention on the Protection and Use of Transbounda~y Watercourses and International Lakes, Helsinki, 1992 Tables of Agreements and Degrees of Participation, by Country Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) European Union (EU): Environment Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Global Environment Facility (GEF) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Labour Organization (ILO) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (IOPC Funds) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Environment Policy Committee (EPOC) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) World Bank World Food Programme (WFP) World Health Organization (WHO) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Trade Organization W O ) Atmosphere Action Network East Asia (AANEA) Climate Action Network (CAN) Consumers International (CI) Earth Council Earthwatch Institute Environmental Liaison Centre International (ELCI) European Environmental Bureau (EEB) Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) Greenpeace International International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) International Solar Energy Society (ISES) IUCN-The World Conservation Union Pesticide Action Network (PAN) Sierra Club Society for International Development (SID) Third World Network (TWN) Water Environment Federation (WEF) Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) World Federalist Movement (WFM) World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Other Networking Instruments Arab Network for Environment and Development (RAED) Both ENDS Global Legislators for a Balanced Environment (GLOBE) Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC) United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service (UN-NGLS) Tables of International Organizations and Degrees of Participation, by Country and Territory OECD countries Belgium Canada France Germany Italy Japan The Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom USA Technical Notes and References Selected non-OECD countries Argentina China India Malaysia Russian Federation Technical Notes and References Index List of Articles in 1992-1998/19 Volumes
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