The aim of this thematically unified anthology is to track the history of epistemic logic, to consider some important applications of these logics of knowledge and belief in a variety of fields, and finally to discuss future directions of research with particular emphasis on 'active agenthood' and multi-modal systems. It is accessible to researchers and graduate students in philosophy, computer science, game theory, economics and related disciplines utilizing the means and methods of epistemic logic.
Preface. Introduction; V.F. Hendricks, K.F. Jørgensen, S.A. Pedersen. 1. Agent and System. 2. Active Agenthood. 3. Multiple Active Agents. 4. Multi-Modalities. 5. Conclusion. Notes. References. Knowledge, Belief, and Subjective Probability: Outlines of a Unified System of Epistemic/Doxastic Logic; W. Lenzen. 1. The Logic of Conviction. 2. The Logic of Knowledge. 3. The Logic of ('Weak') Belief. 4. The Pragmatics of Epistemic Sentences. Notes. References. A Second Generation Epistemic Logic and Its General Significance. J. Hintikka. 1. The Prima Facie Conundrum of Epistemic Logic. 2. The Promises. 3. Promises Fulfilled by Means of the Notion of Independence. References. Economics and Economy in the Theory of Belief Revision; H. Rott. 1. Introduction. 2. What is Economics? 3. Acting Economically, a Second View: 'Informational Economy'. 4. Economic and Economical Considerations in Belief Revision Theory. 5. Informational Economy with Respect to Beliefs: What has been done? 6. Informational Economy with Respect to Beliefs: What should be done? 7. Conservatism with Respect to Belief-Revision Guiding Structures: What has been done? 8. Conservatism with Respect to Belief-Revision Guiding Structures: What should be done? 9. Rational Choices and Logical Properties: What has been done? 10. Rational Choices and Logical Properties: What should be done? 11. Conclusion. Notes. References. Common Knowledge Revisited; R. Fagin, J.Y. Halpern, Y. Moses, M.Y. Vardi. 1. Introduction. 2. TwoPuzzles. 3. Common Knowledge and Uncertainty. 4. Simultaneous Events. 5. Temporal Imprecision. 6. The Granularity of Time. 7. Approximations of Common Knowledge. 8. Summary. Notes. References. Concurrent Dynamic Epistemic Logic; H.P. van Ditmarsch, W. van der Hoek, B.P. Kooi. 1. Introduction. 2. Language and Semantics. 3. Proof System. 4. Completeness. 5. Applications. 6. Conclusions. References. Laws, Facts, and Contexts: Foundations of Multimodal Reasoning; J.F. Sowa. 1. Replacing Possible Worlds with Contexts. 2. Dunn's Laws and Facts. 3. Contexts by Pierce and McCarthy. 4. Tarski's Metalevels. 5. Nested Graph Models. 6. Beyond Kripke Semantics. 7. The Intended Interpretation. References. Referential Semantics; R. Wójcicki. 1. The General Idea of Referential Semantics. 2. Language. 3. Components of Referential Semantics. 4. Substitutions. 5. Some Notation. 6. The Definition Completed. 7. A Few Examples. 8. Four Principles of Logical Analysis. 9. Logical Consequences. 10. A Few Comments on the Peculiar Status of the Identity Predicate. 11. General Properties of Consequence Operations. 12. The Truth Preserving Consequence Operations. 13. The Problem of Adequacy. 14. Self-Extensional Consequence Operations. 15. Adequacy Theorem. 16. The Need for Referential Semantics. 17. Notes and References. References. Index.
