Riassunto
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standardized query language for requesting information from a database. Historically, SQL has been the choice for database management systems running on minicomputers and mainframes. Increasingly, however, SQL is being adapted to PC database systems because it supports distributed databases - databases that are spread out over several computer systems, so that several users on a local-area network can access the same database simultaneously. Although there are different dialects of SQL, it is the closest thing to a standard query language that currently exists. "SQL in a Nutshell" is a practical command reference to the Structured Query Language (SQL99), helping readers learn how their favourite database product supports any standard SQL command. This book presents each of the SQL commands and describes its use in both commercial (Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and Oracle 8i) and open source (MySQL, PostgreSQL 7.0) implementations. Each command reference includes the command syntax (by vendor, if the syntax differs across implementations), a description, and informative examples that illustrate important concepts and uses. "SQL in a Nutshell" is more than a reference guide for experienced SQL programmers, analysts, and database administrators. It also aims to provide a learning resource for novice and auxiliary SQL users such as system administrators, users of packaged client/server products, and consultants who need to be familiar with the various SQL dialects across many platforms.
Contenuti
Preface; How This Book Is Organized; Conventions Used in This Book; How to Contact Us; Resources; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1: SQL, Vendor Implementations, and Some History; 1.1 The Relational Database Model; 1.2 The Databases Described in This Book; 1.3 The SQL Standard; 1.4 Dialects of SQL; 1.5 Principles of Relational Databases; Chapter 2: Foundational Concepts; 2.1 Row Processing Versus Set Processing; 2.2 The Relational Model; 2.3 SQL99 and Vendor-Specific Datatypes; 2.4 Processing NULLS; 2.5 Categories of Syntax; 2.6 Using SQL; 2.7 Conclusion; Chapter 3: SQL Statements Command Reference; 3.1 Recommended Reading Approach; 3.2 Quick SQL Command Reference; 3.3 ALTER PROCEDURE; 3.4 ALTER TABLE; 3.5 ALTER TRIGGER; 3.6 ALTER VIEW; 3.7 CALL; 3.8 CASE; 3.9 CAST; 3.10 CLOSE CURSOR; 3.11 COMMIT TRANSACTION; 3.12 Concatenation Operators; 3.13 CONNECT; 3.14 CREATE DATABASE; 3.15 CREATE FUNCTION; 3.16 CREATE INDEX; 3.17 CREATE PROCEDURE; 3.18 CREATE ROLE; 3.19 CREATE SCHEMA; 3.20 CREATE TABLE; 3.21 CREATE TRIGGER; 3.22 CREATE VIEW; 3.23 DECLARE CURSOR; 3.24 DELETE; 3.25 DISCONNECT; 3.26 DROP Statements; 3.27 DROP DATABASE; 3.28 DROP FUNCTION; 3.29 DROP INDEX; 3.30 DROP PROCEDURE; 3.31 DROP ROLE; 3.32 DROP TABLE; 3.33 DROP TRIGGER; 3.34 DROP VIEW; 3.35 FETCH; 3.36 GRANT; 3.37 INSERT; 3.38 LIKE Operator; 3.39 OPEN; 3.40 Operators; 3.41 RETURN; 3.42 REVOKE; 3.43 ROLLBACK; 3.44 SAVEPOINT; 3.45 SELECT; 3.46 SET CONNECTION; 3.47 SET ROLE; 3.48 SET TIME ZONE; 3.49 SET TRANSACTION; 3.50 START TRANSACTION; 3.51 TRUNCATE TABLE; 3.52 UPDATE; 3.53 Conclusion; Chapter 4: SQL Functions; 4.1 Deterministic and Nondeterministic Functions; 4.2 Types of Functions; 4.3 Vendor Extensions; Chapter 5: Unimplemented SQL99 Commands; SQL99 and Vendor-Specific Keywords; Colophon;
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