Riassunto
Stimulant drugs are widely used in the treatment of ADHD in children and adults. Hundreds of studies over the past 60 years have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving attention span, increasing impulse control, and reducing hyperactivity and restlessness. Despite widespread interest in these compounds, however, their mechanisms of action in the central nervous system have remained poorly understood. Recent advances in the basic and clinical neurosciences now afford the possibility of elucidating these mechanisms. The current volume is the first to bring this expanding knowledge to bear on the central question of why and how stimulants exert their therapeutic effects. The result is a careful, comprehensive, and insightful integration of material by well-known scientists that significantly advances our understanding of stimulant effects and charts a course for future research. Part I presents a comprehensive description of the clinical features of ADHD and the clinical repsonse to stimulants. Part II details the cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy and functional neurophysiology of dopamine and norepinephrine systems with respect to the regulation of attention, arousal, activity, and impulse control on the basis of animal studies. Part III is devoted to clinical research, including recent studies of neuroimaging, genetics, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of stimulants, effects on cognitive functions, neurophysiological effects in humans with and without ADHD and in non-human primates, and comparison of stimulants and non-stimulants in the treatment of ADHD. Part IV is a masterful synthesis that presents alternative models of stimulant drug action and generates key hypotheses for continued research. The volume will be of keen interest to researchers and clinicians in psychiatry, psychology, and neurology, neuroscientists studying stimulants, and those persuing development of new drugs to treat ADHD.
Contenuti
- Part I: Phenomenology
- 1: Mary V. Solanto: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Features
- 2: Lawrence L. Greenhill: Clinical Psychopharmacology of Stimulant Medication in ADHD
- Part II: Basic Neuroscience
- Amy F.T. Arnsten: Introduction to Part II
- 3: David A. Lewis: The Catecholamine Innervation of Primate Cerebral Cortex
- 4: Jane R. Taylor & J. David Jentsch: Stimulant Effects on Striatal and Cortical Dopamine Systems Involved in Reward-Related Behavior and Impulsivity
- 5: Anthony A. Grace: Psychostimulant Actions on Dopamine and Limbic System Function: Relevance to the Pathophysiology and Treatment of ADHD
- 6: Craig W. Berridge: Arousal- and Attention-Related Actions of the Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenergic: Potential Involvement in the Therapeutic Actions of Amphetamine-Like Stimulants
- 7: Amy F.T. Arnsten: Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Influences on Cognitive Functions Mediated by Prefrontal Cortex
- 8: Sherry A. Ferguson: A Review of Rodent Models of ADHD
- 9: Terje Sagvolden: The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat as a Model of ADHD
- Part III: Clinical Neuroscience
- Mary V. Solanto: Introduction to Part III
- 10: F. Xavier Castellanos: Neuroimaging Studies of ADHD
- 11: James Swanson & Nora Volkow: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of methylphenidate in Humans
- 12: Colin B. Denney and Mark Rapport: The Cognitive Pharmacology of Stimulants in Children with ADHD
- 13: Mitul A Mehta, Barbara J. Sahakian, and Trevor W. Robbins: Comparative Psychopharmacology of Methylphenidate and Related Drugs in Human Volunteers, Patients w/ ADHD and Experimental Animals
- 14: Steven R. Pliska: Comparing the Effects of Stimulant and Non-Stimulant Agents on Catecholamine Function: Implications fot Theories of ADHD
- Part IV: Integration
- 15: Mary V. Solanto, Amy F.T. Arnsten, and F. Xavier Castellanos: The Neuroscience of Stimulant Drug Action: Implications for ADHD
- Appendix 1: Charles Bradley: The Behavior of Children Recieving Benzedrine
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