Grin verlag jul 2007 (Oltre 7400 risultati)
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Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 9,99
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschaftspolitik, einseitig bedruckt, Note: 2,0, Fachhochschule Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel; Standort Wolfenbüttel, Veranstaltung: Sozialpolitik, 15 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 'Das Fundament für gute B…ildung und damit erfolgreiche Lebensgestaltung wird in der frühen Kindheit gelegt. Es sind die Startchancen in den ersten sechs Jahren, die in hohem Maße über den späteren Lebensweg und die künftige Teilhabe am materiellen Wohlstand entscheiden. Deshalb stellt die frühkindliche Förderung und Erziehung eine vorrangige Aufgabe gesellschafftspolitischen Handelns dar. Einerseits muss der Familie Unterstützung zukommen, damit diese eigenständig ihren Erziehungsauftrag nachkommen kann, andererseits muss das Netz der öffentlichen Kindertagesbetreuung bedarfsgerecht und qualitätsorientiert sein.Das öffentliche Netz an Kindertagesbetreuung leistet einen Beitrag zur Bildungsgerechtigkeit und kann helfen, die Zukunftschancen individuell oder sozial beeinträchtigter Kinder zu verbessern.'Öffentliche Ausgaben für Kindertagesbetreuung erweisen sich dann auch als sehr rentabel, da sie ökonomisch ausgedrückt eine hohe Rendite aufweisen und deren volkswirtschaftlicher Nutzen die Kosten übersteigt.In dieser Arbeit wird die Versorgungssituation mit Kindergärten beschrieben. Neben einer Abgrenzung der Kindergartenbetreuung zu weiteren Formen der Kindertagesbetreuung und einer geschichtlichen Einführung werden in weiteren Kapiteln die Versorgungsstrukturen, sowie die Kindergarten-Versorgungssituationen und deren volkswirtschaftliche Nutzen dargestellt. Anhand der Betreuungsinitiative für beschäftigte Frauen und Männer in Königslutter e.V. wird über die praktische Umsetzung der sozialpolitischen und sozialrechtlichen Regularien und Aufträge berichtet.
- Brossura
Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 9,99
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Jura - Europarecht, Völkerrecht, Internationales Privatrecht, Note: 2,0, FOM Essen, Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management gemeinnützige GmbH, Hochschulleitung Essen früher Fachhochschule, 23 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, A…bstract: Wie viel Europa verträgt Europa Hat die EU ihre Aufnahmekapazität bereits erreicht oder vielleicht schon überschritten Nach der großen Aufnahmerunde 2004 von zehn weiteren Staaten in die EU, besteht die EU nun aus 25 Mitgliedsstaaten. Die einen sind sehr gut entwickelt und haben keine Probleme den Kopenhagener Kriterien gerecht zu werden, andere kämpfen mit Problemen aus der Vergangenheit und sind nicht so weit entwickelt wie andere. Hinzu kommen unterschiedliche Denkweisen, Kulturen und Religionen, die man vereinen muss. All das stellt die EU und ihre Mitglieder vor große Herausforderungen und Probleme, die es zu bewältigen gilt. Da ist Zusammenarbeit der Gemeinschaft gefragt und ein finanzieller Aufwand seitens der EU, damit die potenziellen Mitgliedsstaaten die für den Beitritt notwendigen Reformen umsetzen können. Doch umso mehr Mitgliedsstaaten der EU angehören, desto schwieriger wird es Entscheidungen durchzusetzen, für die ein einstimmiger Beschluss notwendig ist. Nachdem die Osterweiterung stattgefunden hat, wurden nun auch mit den Balkanstaaten wie Kroatien Verhandlungen aufgenommen, womit eine weitere Kultur und weitere Länder mit kommunistischer Vergangenheit einen Beitritt in Aussicht gestellt bekommen, in denen es viele grundlegende Probleme gibt wie die Gleichberechtigung von Minderheiten. Es ist an der Zeit, dass die EU sich Gedanken darüber macht, wie viele Mitglieder sie noch aufnehmen kann ohne die Integrationsdynamik zu verlieren, die sie aufgebaut hat. Bleibt auch die Frage wie man den kommenden Bewerberländern einen Beitritt abschlagen will, wenn laut Gesetz grundsätzlich jeder Staat einen Beitritt beantragen kann. Im Folgenden geht es um Kroatien als potenziellen Mitgliedsstaat der EU, womit ein Balkanland der EU 2009 beitreten könnte.
- Brossura
Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 9,99
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europa - Deutschland - Nachkriegszeit, Kalter Krieg, einseitig bedruckt, Note: unbenotet, Universität Augsburg (Historische Fakultät), Veranstaltung: Übung: Probleme der Alltagsgeschichte der DDR und ihrer Erforschung, 29 Quellen im… Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der Autor gibt in dieser Arbeit einen Überblick über über das Konzept der Inneren Verteidigung und der internen Sicherheit in der DDR (mit Wehrerziehung, vormilitärischer Ausbildung und bewaffneten Organen). Zunächst wird das Feindbild der DDR erklärt, dann die Grundlagen der Wehrerziehung und der vormilitärischen Ausbildung mit den Anfängen und der Entstehung der militärisch organisierten Ausbildung (GSSD und Zivilverteidigung). Eine besondere Erwähnung erfährt auch der Parteitag der SED im Mai 1976. Punkt 6 ist der Wehrerziehung im staatlichen Bildungswesen und in Massenorganisationen gewidmet. Punkt 7 handelt von der Wehrerziehung und der Zivilverteidigung. Punkt 8 erkärt die bewaffneten Organe und die paramilitärischen Organisationen. In den beiden letzten Punkten erläutert der Autor die Wehrerziehung in der Weimarer Republik und im Dritten Reich.
- Brossura
Da: Rheinberg-Buch Andreas Meier eK, Bergisch Gladbach, GermaniaRheinberg-Buch Andreas Meier eK
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Germanistik - Neuere Deutsche Literatur, Note: 1,0 (sehr gut), Technische Universität Dortmund, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es um die Außenseiterproblematik in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Im Zentrum der Betr…achtung steht der im Jahre 1962 in Battenberg geborene Andreas Steinhöfel und sein moderner Kinderroman Paul Vier und die Schröders.Steinhöfel spricht in seinem zweiten Werk Paul Vier und die Schröders erstmalig einige seiner zentralen Themen wie Anderssein, Freundschaft, Familie, Eltern-Kind-Konflikte, Identitätssuche, Abenteuer, Erste Liebe, Krankheit, Kommunikation, Umzug etc. in komplexer Art und Weise an.Die Geschichte wird aus der Sicht der im Mittelpunkt stehenden vierzehnjährigen Figur Paul Vier alias Paul Udo Ewald Walser erzählt. Der Ich-Erzähler informiert seine Leserschaft über die außergewöhnliche bzw. seltsame Schröderfamilie, die in sein Nachbarhaus einzieht.Die sechsjährige Hellseherin Sabrina und ihr Mischlingshund Darwin, der siebenjährige unter Albinismus leidende Dandelion, der dreizehnjährige kleinwüchsige Erasmus mit seiner Python, namens Winston, die vierzehnjährige Delphine und ihre Mutter Heiderose Schröder erfahren am eigenen Leibe, wie es ist, wenn man in den Augen der spießigen Kleinstadtbürger als nicht 'normal', sogar als asoziales Pack, angesehen wird. Paul Vier ist der Einzige, der unvoreingenommen der Familie Schröder gegenübersteht und sich gegen den Willen seiner Eltern mit den Außenseitern anfreundet. Der Leserschaft wird ersichtlich, dass die Spießbürger vor nichts zurückschrecken. Sie instrumentalisieren ihre eigenen Kinder, um der Familie Schröder eine gewaltsame Lektion zu erteilen. Am Ende der Geschichte ziehen die Schröders nach England und der mittlerweile neunzehnjährige Paul Vier hat die Verlogenheit, die Doppelmoral sowie die Herzlosigkeit der bürgerlichen Kleinstadtwelt durchschaut, bricht mit den Eltern und flüchtet aus der Enge des spießbürgerlichen Milieus. In dem nun kommenden ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit wird zunächst der Begriff Außenseiter definiert und auf dessen Geschichte in ein paar Sätzen eingegangen.Im Anschluss daran erfolgt eine theoretische Stellungnahme verschiedener Wissenschaftler und Autoren, darunter auch Andreas Steinhöfel, über die Außenseiter in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Den Hauptteil der Arbeit bildet die Analyse des Kinderromans bezüglich des Außenseitertums. Zu guter Letzt schließt sich ein Fazit an. 36 pp. Deutsch.
- Brossura
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, GermaniaBuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K.
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 17,95
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Germanistik - Neuere Deutsche Literatur, Note: 1,0 (sehr gut), Technische Universität Dortmund, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es um die Außenseiterproblematik in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Im Zentrum der Betr…achtung steht der im Jahre 1962 in Battenberg geborene Andreas Steinhöfel und sein moderner Kinderroman Paul Vier und die Schröders.Steinhöfel spricht in seinem zweiten Werk Paul Vier und die Schröders erstmalig einige seiner zentralen Themen wie Anderssein, Freundschaft, Familie, Eltern-Kind-Konflikte, Identitätssuche, Abenteuer, Erste Liebe, Krankheit, Kommunikation, Umzug etc. in komplexer Art und Weise an.Die Geschichte wird aus der Sicht der im Mittelpunkt stehenden vierzehnjährigen Figur Paul Vier alias Paul Udo Ewald Walser erzählt. Der Ich-Erzähler informiert seine Leserschaft über die außergewöhnliche bzw. seltsame Schröderfamilie, die in sein Nachbarhaus einzieht.Die sechsjährige Hellseherin Sabrina und ihr Mischlingshund Darwin, der siebenjährige unter Albinismus leidende Dandelion, der dreizehnjährige kleinwüchsige Erasmus mit seiner Python, namens Winston, die vierzehnjährige Delphine und ihre Mutter Heiderose Schröder erfahren am eigenen Leibe, wie es ist, wenn man in den Augen der spießigen Kleinstadtbürger als nicht 'normal', sogar als asoziales Pack, angesehen wird. Paul Vier ist der Einzige, der unvoreingenommen der Familie Schröder gegenübersteht und sich gegen den Willen seiner Eltern mit den Außenseitern anfreundet. Der Leserschaft wird ersichtlich, dass die Spießbürger vor nichts zurückschrecken. Sie instrumentalisieren ihre eigenen Kinder, um der Familie Schröder eine gewaltsame Lektion zu erteilen. Am Ende der Geschichte ziehen die Schröders nach England und der mittlerweile neunzehnjährige Paul Vier hat die Verlogenheit, die Doppelmoral sowie die Herzlosigkeit der bürgerlichen Kleinstadtwelt durchschaut, bricht mit den Eltern und flüchtet aus der Enge des spießbürgerlichen Milieus. In dem nun kommenden ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit wird zunächst der Begriff Außenseiter definiert und auf dessen Geschichte in ein paar Sätzen eingegangen.Im Anschluss daran erfolgt eine theoretische Stellungnahme verschiedener Wissenschaftler und Autoren, darunter auch Andreas Steinhöfel, über die Außenseiter in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Den Hauptteil der Arbeit bildet die Analyse des Kinderromans bezüglich des Außenseitertums. Zu guter Letzt schließt sich ein Fazit an. 36 pp. Deutsch.
- Brossura
Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, GermaniaBuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K.
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 17,95
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Pädagogik - Kindergarten, Vorschule, frühkindl. Erziehung, einseitig bedruckt, Note: keine, Universität Koblenz-Landau (Pädagogik der Frühen Kindheit), Veranstaltung: Vorschulkonzeptionen, 15 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, A…bstract: Die Reggiopädagogik ist kein ausgefeiltes Theoriemodell, aus dem sich bestimmte professionelle Handlungsweisen für die elementarpädagogische Praxis ableiten lassen. Sie lässt sich eher als eine Erziehungsphilosophie verstehen, die eine Reihe von Grundannahmen und flexibel handhabbaren Praxiselementen miteinander verbindet. Zu nennen sind vor allem das Bild vom Kind, die Bedeutung von Identität und Gemeinschaft, die Vorstellung von Bildung und Lernen, die Bedeutung von Projekten, die Rolle Erwachsener, die Bildungsfunktion von Räumen (der Raum als '3. Erzieher'). Mit diesen zentralen Elementen stellt sich die Reggiopädagogik als ein Konzept dar, das durch - Optimismus, - Offenheit und - Ganzheitlichkeit eine hohe Attraktivität aufweist, das aber auch von den Beteiligten die Überwindung traditioneller Vorstellung von der helfenden Erzieherin abverlangt, die die Probleme der Kinder löst und es den Kindern schön machen möchte. Berechtigt ist die Frage, ob die Reggiopädagogik sich nur in den kommunalen Kindertageseinrichtungen in Reggio Emilia realisieren kann, weil sich hier ein unverwechselbares Zusammenspiel von historischen, kulturellen und politischen Bedingungen für die Entfaltung einer spezifischen, theoretisch reflektierten elementarpädagogischen Praxis ergeben hat. Geht man von der Reggiopädagogik als einer Erziehungsphilosophie aus, wird man dagegen feststellen, dass die zentralen Grundannahmen der Reggiopädagogik, vor allem die Vorstellung vom aktiven, die Welt erschließenden Kind, relativ unabhängig von den äußeren Rahmenbedingungen umsetzbar sind. Die materiellen und insbesondere personellen Bedingungen elementarpädagogischer Praxis können andererseits die Umsetzungsqualität der Reggiopädagogik erheblich beeinflussen. Hauptaugenmerk der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt auf dem Konzept des dritten Erziehers, sowie auf den architektonischen Gegebenheiten der italienischen Krippen und Kindergärten in Reggio Emilia. Es soll außerdem versucht werden den Einfluss der Architektur sowie der Raumgestaltung auf die Entwicklung der Kinder darzustellen. 32 pp. Deutsch.
- Brossura
Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 14,99
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Sociology - Gender Studies, grade: 1,7 (A-), Ruhr-University of Bochum (Sociology), course: Feminist Theory, language: English, abstract: Images of femininity and masculinity are always present in every-day-life. Mass-media supports the gende…r-specific perception and forms the examples with which we are supposed to be conform. This contributes to the maintenance of stereotypic believes about men and women in our society.When we talk about images of women (or men) we mean all the little things that are connected with the notion 'woman' (or 'man'). We know what a woman is and how she should look and behave to belong to that category. Society has certain expectations towards the sexes. Often these expectations towards men and women are contrary to each other (e.g. man strong, woman weak). Every human being in the western societies is defined either as male or female. Irene Dölling (1993, pp. 23-24) calls these socially formed images collective and cultural patterns of perception and interpretation. Several questions are of interest for this analysis of medial representations of women: How are women represented Do they correspond to the beauty norm Are woman mostly connoted with sexuality And, in order to have a comparative object, I will look at men's representation in the media. I will deal with the following questions: How are men represented in comparison to women Are gender roles still so stereotypic and rigidly divided, or have they become on both sides more fluent Supposing now in advance that media still uses traditional stereotypes, I want to find explanation why this is so. Who profits from presenting women according to the cliché Why is it so difficult to change the medial image of women, and why are women still 'in the kitchen' after over two centuries of feminism.
- Brossura
Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 17,95
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,0, Free University of Berlin (John-F.-Kennedy-Institut), course: American Religion, Politics and Law, language: English, abstract: The following essay will deal with religion, law and… politics in the USA. Because it is a broad topic, I will concentrate on the discourse about accommodation, or separation of state and church in America, with a focus on Stephen L. Carter - a distinguished law professor at Yale University. My thesis is that although Carter claims to be a separatist, his contradictory and biased arguments in most of his books indicate his accommodationist position. His methods are the dichotomization of church and state; his claim that society victimizes religion (his strange comparison of the Civil Rights movement and the Anti-Abortion movement); his assertion that religious people are oppressed by the majority (which according to him is religious), the Supreme Court, and American politics. Carter further maintains that religion is trivialized and privatized. His biased view on law is visible in the cases he discusses (predominantly separatist cases). His suggestive and popular style, as well as his constant references to God's will and his opinion that the Bible justifies almost everything, makes his argumentation nearly untouchable. Finally, I will show that Carter clearly holds God above the state and thus, his claim as a separatist cannot be maintained.
- Brossura
Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 17,95
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2+, University of Rostock (Institut für Sprachwissenschaft), course: Hauptseminar: Corpus dictionaries and lexical structure, language: English, abstract: The first dictionary was…published in 1984. At that time the focus lay on lexicography especially on English as an international language. Nowadays nearly every three month new dictionaries appear. They are mainly published from publishing houses in Great Britain. This is due to the dominance which British lexicography won in the 1960s. When the first Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English appeared in 1978 British lexicography had finally won dominance to American lexicography. In 1987 the second edition of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English and the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of the English language appeared. These works were completely different to the ones before. According to Sidney I. Landau these works were 'in many respects a daring departure from the customary practices of lexicography, and particularly of ESL lexicography' . They offered a new look at what the user needed. The aim of this paper is to take a closer look on these dictionaries to check whether they are working with authentic language material to explain words and how easy or difficult it is for a user to understand the explained issues. In grammars the different features of a language are considered systematically. Spoken and written language material is described. Nowadays the grammarians are working together with Universities or at least base their entries on large databases that include millions of texts taken out of various forms of writing and communication situations. This system is meant to help to provide the use of authentic language material that is familiar to the grammar user. In the analysed grammars invented examples are avoided with the aim to offer the user a better access to the explained issue.The aim of this paper is to analyse the used example solutions by keeping an eye on whether they are really authentic and easy to understand or not better than the invented ones that were often used in former times.
- Brossura
Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 17,95
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, University of Duisburg-Essen, course: Magic Realism in Recent British and South African Novels, language: English, abstract: Hauptmerkmale und Sekundärmerkmale des magischen Re…alsimus sollen in dieser Arbeit genannt und anschließend an dem südafrikanischen Roman 'She plays with the darkness' von Zakes Mda erläutert. In dem ersten Unterpunkt wird die Geschichte des magischen Realismus behandelt. Anschließend werden die Haupt- und Sekundärmerkmale des magischen Realsimus genannt. Der Focus der Arbeit lieg auf den Elementen des magischen Realismus in dem Roman 'She plays with the darkness'.
- Brossura
Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 17,95
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0 (B), University of Dusseldorf 'Heinrich Heine' (Anglistics Institute), course: Melville's Short Novels, language: English, abstract: Almost everyone has heard of the novel 'Moby Dick'. Less people tho…ugh know that it was Herman Melville who wrote the world famous best-seller. Yet even less people can name other books and stories written by the American. One important story cycle he published in 1856 is called 'The Piazza Tales' and it includes the short novels 'Bartleby, The Scrivener', 'Billy Budd' and 'Benito Cerone'.This paper deals with the first one.In the process of my work I will try to present a short overview about the story and give a brief summary. Nevertheless it is assumed that the reader of this paper is already familiar with the text.I will focus on the formula 'I prefer not to' which Bartleby frequently uses as his only way to communicate with his environment. In a first step I will examine the influence that the usage of this formula has on the lawyer. Furthermore I will present the reactions of the office clerks and of other people to this phrase.The second part of this paper then is devoted to the opinions and interpretations of famous Melville critics who put the weight of their argumentation on very contradictory points. This criticism is essential in order to understand the story. In traditional forms Bartleby is 'unreadable'. The text becomes meaningful, framed and structured only by taking account of the according criticism. Of course, there are many and very different ways to criticize the story. I though think that dealing with the famous phrase is the form of interpretation that is closest to the text and therefore the most easily to follow. With all these critical views and opinions, including my own argumentation, I will show that Bartleby never had a chance to survive. His chosen style of living just did not fit into the world back in these days. Does it today I will come back to this thesis in the end and try to find an answer.
- Brossura
Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 17,95
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2+ (B), Technical University of Braunschweig (English Seminar), language: English, abstract: Women are more emotional than men, they speak in a different way than men, but how are…they spoken about Throughout the last century there has been a lot of discussion concerning language and gender. Mainly, linguists have focused on the different discourse strategies and conversational styles of women and men, that is, they dealt with the difference of women's and men's language. Sexism became an important point of discussion in the 1960s, and especially feminist critiques have discussed the sexist representation of women in language. Many linguists tried to find alternatives for features of language that discriminate against women, and thus sought to correct existing sex biases. In a time where the inequality of the sexes is said to have diminished, the anti-sexism movement seems to have decreased, as well. People try to speak in a politically correct way, a way that is not sexist or racist, but certain stereotypes are nevertheless still part of the language system.This can be seen when taking a closer look at the media, which plays an important role in the process of language development. Newspapers articles, for example, have to be objective and without bias, but as they employ language that is politically correct with regard to common language usage, they reflect the language of a society. Consequently, the media is a rich source for analysis when it comes to examining to what extent sexism is still an issue today. Has the feminist fight against male supremacy been without effect The author discusses if sexism in language has diminished and how it is dealt with. Therefore, sexist language is defined and the relationship to society with the help of several linguistic approaches. As part of this, the different features of sexist language, such as derogatory designations for women, the generic masculine, feminine markers, and the problem of personal titles are explained. Furthermore, the role of the media in context with sexist language is depicted and is put in relation to sexism in newspapers, by listing some rules established by the Associated Press that intend to help journalists deal with sexist features of language. Finally, articles from The Washington Post are analyzed to examine if sexist language is still perpetuated.
- Brossura
Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
EUR 17,95
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Law - Media, Multimedia Law, Copyright, grade: 16 Points (very good), University of Leipzig (Law Faculty), course: The USA and Europe: Legal Issues and Conflicts, language: English, abstract: Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Inhaltskontrolle i…m Internet und vergleicht die Rechtslage in Deutschland mit der in den Vereinigten Staaten. Es geht dabei insbesondere um die Frage, welche Inhalte in beiden Ländern strafrechtlich sanktioniert sind und inwieweit die grenzüberschreitende Natur des Internets die Unterschiede beider Rechtsordnungen relativiert. Verfassungsrechtliche Unterschiede zwischen Deutschland und den USA werden in diesem Zusammenhang ebenfalls beleuchtet. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit untersucht Fragen des Domain Name Systems und seiner Kontrolle durch ICANN. Die Arbeit wurde im Rahmen eines gemeinsamen Seminars der University of Miami School of Law und der Juristenfakultät der Universität Leipzig erstellt und ist daher in englischer Sprache verfasst.
- Brossura
Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH
Contatta il venditoreVenditore con 5 stelleCondizione: Nuovo
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject History Europe - Germany - Postwar Period, Cold War, grade: very good, University of New Orleans (History Department), course: SE American History, language: English, abstract: Various studies discuss the American view of the Austrian State T…reaty and Austrian neutrality, both concluded in 1955. There are a number of studies concerning the Eisenhower- and Kennedy Administrations regarding Austrian neutrality.In all of them, the American fear of neutralism plays a key role. Securing Austria's close connection with 'western ideology' and therefore minimizing Soviet influence were main goals of U.S. policy towards Austria. The neutral state should at least show ideological support of the West in the East-West conflict.In the first part of this paper, I will try to describe the difference between the terms 'neutrality' and 'neutralism'. Afterwards, it is necessary to discuss the Eisenhower and Kennedy Administrations policies towards Austria and give a brief overview of this time.The main goal is to examine the Johnson Administration's view of Austrian neutrality. The records in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library in Austin, Texas, indicate that there was no more fear of Austrian neutralism by the mid-1960s. This paper analyses this development and discusses the status of Austrian neutrality in the sixties. Did the Eisenhower Administration succeed in pulling Austria to the 'western side' in the Cold War Was neutrality simply unimportant in the sixties What consequences does neutrality have for the process of European integration Other important aspects touched on in this essay are Austrian relations with Eastern Europe, relations with the European Economic Community and U.S. financial support for the Austrian Armed Forces, the 'Bundesheer'.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 1,7, University of Mannheim, course: African American Novels, language: English, abstract: Blindness is a topic in many African American novels published in the middle of the 20th century. However, this d…oes not mean that black protagonists are over-averaged disabled. The inability of seeing refers more to a special type of blindness: a psychical one. This kind of disablement is 'a matter of the construction of [the] inner eyes, those eyes with which [one] look[s] through [the] physical eyes upon reality' (Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. London: Penguin Books, 1965. p.7).It is a way of refusing to recognise people and their character traits, which African Americans were often confronted with. This ignorance of the - mainly - 'white' society is picked out as a central theme in many African American novels and, therefore, it will be the topic of this publishing. To prove this thesis, the following analysis will examine some example scenes from Ralph Ellison's 1952 published novel Invisible Man. As one single book is not sufficient to establish a thesis for a whole genre, additionally scenes from Richard Wright's 1940 published novel Native Son and Ann Petry's 1946 published novel The Street will be briefly analysed. Even though a comparison between all three novels would have been interesting as well, this work will take its main focus on one single novel, to go as deeply into detail as the limited space allows, instead of giving only a cursory overview of different works. For the same reason, this work will not contain a summary of the discussed novels as these are expected to be known.As the title of the work probably raises the expectation of an analysis of the physical blindness, this topic will be worked out in the second chapter, concentrating on Invisible Man, and, later on, briefly on Native Son. The attempts to point out its metaphorical meaning and to connect this with the psychical blindness will be made.The main part of the analysis will be the examination of the psychical blindness that affects the main protagonist as well as the minor characters of Invisible Man. A closer look will be taken at the repeated eye-metaphors as well as at the function of the telling names. Referring to the title of the book, the attempt to answer the question, if invisibility is a result of blindness, will be made.To prove that Ellison's novel is not the only one that deals with the topic of blindness, the fourth and fifth chapter will deal with Petry's and Wright's novels that were published in the same period.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Computer Science - Commercial Information Technology, grade: 1,7 (A-), European Business School - International University Schloß Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel (Department of Information Systems), course: Seminar, 7th Semester, language: En…glish, abstract: This paper evaluates the impact of the UMTS experience for forthcoming network generations. Therefore, it is necessary to show the development of mobile networks from the beginning on. During the evolution process, formerly analogue networks transformed to digital ones with more and more services that added value to customers' life and consequently became very popular. In these days, mobile operators are trying to migrate their second generation networks to third generation which was supposed to be a globally accepted standard offering high data transfer speeds. However, an in-depth look at the technical and financial background of the 3G implementation shows that provider promises and user expectations differ. This will not only affect 3G, but also upcoming network generations like 4G. In the following, continuous delays in the 3G launch and advanced research in 4G technology in combination with upgrades to existing 2G network infrastructure are discovered as threads questioning the success of 3G.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 2,3 (B), University of Stuttgart (American Studies), course: Postmodern Fiction, language: English, abstract: Constructing Slaughterhouse-Five is a close reading of Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five. It… puts a special focus on the aspects of time and temporal structure in relation to the novel form and its narrative structure in relation to the protagonist Billy Pilgrim's personal trauma, his war experience and his time travelling in relation to the alternative model of time of the Tralfamadorians. Thus, it concentrates on the postmodernist criticism of an uncritical believe in linear time, teleology and progression as also represented in the form of linear narratives.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2003 in the subject Psychology - General, grade: 1 (A), University of St. Gallen (Psychology), language: English, abstract: Since the beginning of time humans have been trying to put the world into scientific formulas. This constant search for al…l the coherence, which defines our reality, affects today's civilisation and its achievements essentially. But not always has science led to enlightenment of humankind. It was used repeatedly to endorse existing prejudices and malicious thoughts. At the end of the day empirical and absolutely subjective research only exist in our minds, that science is and always will be a thin line surrounded by deep abysses. This paper should be regarded as a pre-experiment serving towards the exploration of polyphony in both genders. The rise of short messaging service (SMS) enables to conduct research with modest effort. More and more one should ask what necessity an additional paper has, since this topic is already considered as well explored. Therefore it is important to emphasise that this paper is not another attempt to justify existing prejudices in a wannabe scientific manner.We, as a group are convinced, that every human being is unique and that there is ultimately no way to categorise this uniqueness without narrowing its diversity.Nonetheless we intend to examine following two points. On one hand, if there are any tendencies of linguistic habit, which are consistent with the existing theory. But most of all if it possible for regular people (i.e. not specifically trained) to recognise a sex specific communication. Finally, one should keep in mind, that this experiment only represents a snapshot of our personal live, and environment, and should be treated as such.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Russia, grade: 69 (upper second), University of Kent, language: English, abstract: In May 2004, seven formerly Soviet satellite countries joined the European Union (EU). In 2007, the enlargement pro…cess of the EU proceeded with another two former Soviet satellites, Romania and Bulgaria becoming new members. Furthermore, the Ukrainian government, whose country shares a common border of almost 1600 km with Russia, has commited itself to enhance political and economic reform processes. Its strategic long-term goal is the accession to the EU. Although it is rather unlikely that accession talks with the Ukraine will start in the near future, the course adopted by the government is obvious. Georgia, a former Soviet republic as well, formulated back in 2003 its strategic long-term objective which is becoming a member of the EU. The Eastern Enlargement in 2004 brought the EU at the doorstep to the Russian Federation. Although having shared a common border with Russia since 1995 when Finland became a member of the EU, the situation now is qualitatively different. Russia's former direct sphere of influence is now integrated within the framework of the EU.Due to this relatively new situation of immediate neighbourhood without any ideologic cutting line or cordon sanitaire1, it is likely that new patterns concerning the Russia-EU relationship arise. Particularly, the Russian perspective on the EU might change qualitatively, with the latter expanding to territories that were just fifteen years ago under direct control of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (USSR). This paper argues that Russia faces a dilemma concerning its relations with the EU. On the one hand, the EU constitutes a competitor for post-Soviet space. On the other hand, Russia needs the EU as a partner, particularly in the economic field. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to examine Russia's perception towards the EU's enlargement policy. In the first part, base lines of Russian foreign policy since 1990 will be identified by applying theoretical approaches of international relations to these developments. The role the EU played in Russia's foreign policy perception will be emdedded into the broader scope of Russia's general approach to international affairs. Russia's specific perception attributed to EU's Eastern enlargement policy will be the focus of the third part of the paper. Identifying patterns of Russian responses to the dynamics of EU's Eastern Enlargement and the implications of these responses for Russia-EU relations will also be discussed.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject American Studies - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,3 (A), Technical University of Braunschweig (English Seminar), course: 9/11, language: English, abstract: Something which was a bomb, a big bomb, has blasted my clever Njurunda coffee tables in the s…hape of a lime green yin and an orange yang that fit together to make a circle. [.] My Haparanda sofa group with orange slip covers, design by Erika Pekkari, it was trash, now. And I wasn't the only slave to my nesting instinct. The people I know who used to sit in the bathroom with pornography, now they sit in the bathroom with their IKEA furniture catalogue. [.] It took my whole life to buy this stuff. [.] Then you're trapped in your lovely nest, and the things you used to own, now they own you. Until I got home from the airport (Palahniuk 44 f.).As the narrator in Chuck Palahniuk's Fight Club comes home from a business trip, he realizes that his fancy IKEA nest has been blown to pieces by a bomb. The destruction of his home is the beginning of a quest for identity, a process that makes him the leader of an underground terrorist organization in the end.Fight Club gives insight to a social malaise that has gripped American men, it is the portrait of the nihilistic generation that is commonly referred to as Generation X. Palahniuk depicts the life of a man who grew up in a time without great wars, without a Great Depression. Hence, he is desperately trying to give his insignificant life a meaning since he cannot give it to a greater cause.This work discusses both Palahniuk's novel and the David Fincher movie that has been based on it with regard to what these works convey about terrorism and western culture. Furthermore, the impact of 9/11 on Fight Club is examined: how has 9/11 changed the perception of the novel and the movie.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 1994 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: Good, University of Frankfurt (Main) (Institute for England - und American Studies), language: English, abstract: There are many things that can be said about Fitzgerald, like about most people who make t…hemselves known by the artistic craft. He is above all the first person who comes to mind talking about literature in the Twenties. Owing to his novels and stories where he captured the nostalgia, the spirit of that time is still very vivid even in our modern era.In his narrative 'The Ice Palace' which appeared in the short story collection 'Flappers and Philosophers' in 1920, the reader is introduced to the problem of mental and emotional difference of people living in the Nothern and Southern American states. Fitzgerald thematizes several different problems in his short story but the main and crucial theme we discover, which at the same time is the topic of this analyis, is the quest for identity of the female protagonist.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Cultural Studies - Basics and Definitions, grade: 1,7 (A-), University of Heidelberg (Institute for Translation, Heidelberg), course: Bad Girls, New Men': Gender in Britain Since 1960, language: English, abstract: The analysis 'The Womens Mov…ement in the 70s' examines the rising of the Women's Liberation Movement in the 1970s in Britain; it discusses and debates the different steps taken by women towards greater freedom and the continual fight for their rights. It does not only focus on the achievements made in this time, but also points out the change the Liberation Movement underwent and the conflicts which arose as a consequence of it.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2004 in the subject Biology - Genetics / Gene Technology, grade: 1,0, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, language: English, abstract: Eukaryotic DNA replication depends on the origin recognition complex (ORC) which is conserved from yeast to humans. Activ…ity of replication factors including ORC is coordinated with the cell cycle progression to ensure that the entire genome is copied exactly once per cell cycle. This coordination depends on Cdc2 (cell division cycle 2), also highly conserved across all eukaryotes, which binds to the origin recognition complex. This book presents research results of the chromatin cross-linking immuno-precipitation (ChIP) procedure to determine (1) if Cdc2 kinase is localized at DNA replication origin as predicted by current models, (2) when this happens and (3) what the genetic requirements for that localization are. Furthermore the binding ability of different ORC and cdc2 mutants was tested, as well as the influence of Cdc18 on the ORC-Cdc2 interaction. This is particularly interesting, since those regulations ensure genome stability. Studying these pathways in yeast gives us insights into the mechanisms that are critical in mammalian cells to prevent cancer.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Region: Eastern Europe, grade: 1,0, Charles University in Prague (Social Sciences), language: English, abstract: Since the fall of communism CEE countries are undergoing a revival of civil society, also referred to as the 'third sector', w…hich emerged after restrictions imposed under the communist party were abolished. The concept of civil society in its broader sense is the part of a society that exists next to state and market, the London school of Economics Civil Society department refers to it as 'the arena of uncoerced collective action around shared interests, purposes and values.' This collective action is formed by voluntary civic and social organisations or institutions referred to as non-profit organisations (NPOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). This phenomenon is of high interest considering the current European wide dispute over the role civil society should have next to government and business. European institutions have been trying to enhance the development of NGOs in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries through financial as well as institutional help. The EU enlargement was assumed to even further encourage the development of NGOs in CEE countries. Thus, the Czech Republic, one of the first aspirants of the CEE countries entering the EU, is considered to be a prime example to show how the mutual relation between the non-governmental sector in CEE countries and the EU institutions developed. To be able to define the politics and policies for future assistance of the European Union to CEE NGOs, two aspects are of special importance. One, it is necessary to understand the success NGOs in CEE countries have had in terms of succeeding to promote their interests in EU decision-making before and after the accession. Second, it is crucial to determine the role the European Union has played in the achievement of their goals.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Company formation, Business Plans, grade: A (71%), University of Westminster (University of Westminster (London)), course: Developing a Small Business, language: English, abstract: The launch of the business of Stammtisch… in June2005 will be an absolutely new concept and is missing within London. The business will be the first traditional Germanpub in Central-London. Stammtisch's first-mover advantage will combine a traditional German-pub and Sport-entertainment; located in 'Central-West-London'. The strategy is manly based on serving the pub niche market for the Germancommunity (80,000 Germans are living in Greater-London). Markus Kutscha (native German) is the founder of Stammtisch; it will be a Limited Company. Andreas Kutscha, who is my brother, will support me in management (secretary) in the first 2 years.This business plan is a proposal to raise finances from the bank to complement the initial investment of £200,000. It requires a flexible bank loan of £125,000, re-payable in 5 years, to aid the successful business implementation. £50,000 will be employed immediately to finance the set-up costs; the remaining will be used throughout year1 to support the cash needs. The founder and his family will invest a total of £25,000 and £50,000 respectively to cover operating expenses. According to the cash flow projection, the business will break even in its 22nd month of operations.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: A+, University of Otago (Department of Management), course: International Management, language: English, abstract: While countries negotiate the opening of borders for foreign inv…estments and dropping trade barriers in favour of powerful, worldwide acting multinational corporation (MNCs), non-governmental organisations (NGOs) gather people and power for the disadvantaged people of these developments. Somehow the idea of a free, global market economy is not approved by everybody. The capitalistic paradigm seems to have an inbuilt error, the promise of wealth and welfare does not fulfil itself. That is roughly the viewpoint of the supporters of the World Social Forum (World Economic Forum, 2005). Although a subjective point of view, the arguments are connected to this essay's main notion, corporate social responsibility. They lead to the questions why corporate social responsibility should have a right to exist, what proves its validity and what are the reasons for and against it The following text should provide in depth answer to that. To do that the scene needs to be set at first. This discussion is based upon the definitions of market economy and globalisation. An introduction to the characteristics of MNCs and the reasons why MNCs deserve a closer consideration in this discussion follows. Then corporate social responsibility (CSR) will be defined, its theoretical fundaments will be presented and it will be distinguished from Corporate Citizenship. This is followed by the arguments of its strongest adherents, non-governmental organisations, and an description of NGO-tactics to enforce CSR. The 'players' of CSR also include governments and, of course, corporations. Their involvement in and standpoint towards CSR will be presented. Nevertheless, strong arguments against CSR exist, too. But the responses to these arguments are also justifiable. After this insight into the existing conflict, a deeper consideration of the notion of 'responsibility' is undertaken, to clarify who can be made accountable, if an accountable subject exists at all. Finally, a short summary concludes the text outlining what CSR could mean at least, as a minimum.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Essay from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 74% (A) entspricht 1,0, University of Teesside (Tesside Business School), course: Managing Markets, language: English, abstract: After the introduction of the first Volkswagen luxury… car in May 2002, sales are still far behind the Volkswagen's expectation (Handelsblatt, 2003). It seems that the VW Phaeton faces the same destiny as its antique namesake Phaeton.In the Greek mythology, Phaeton was the son of Helios, the sun god. Helios has driven the family chariot across the sky, wearing the rays of the sun as a crown, lighting the day. One day Phaeton convinced his father to lend him the beautiful chariot. But Phaeton, in contrast to his father, was not able to drive the chariot appropriately, and drove the chariot so close to the earth that he boiled the oceans and scorched the land. So Zeus had to stop him by killing him with a lightning bolt (Vaughn, 2003).Volkswagen certainly had not considered this explanation when naming the Phaeton, but referred more likely to the second meaning of Phaeton; an elegant carriage of the 17th century which the owners drove on their own.Nevertheless, there are signs that the Volkswagen engagement in the high-class (luxury) car market is tougher than expected. It seems people are less persuadable to buy a high-quality car of the experienced and renowned German car manufacturer.This shows the divergence of the formerly targeted 12.000 to 15.000 units (Weernink, 2001) annually in global sales 2003 which is opposed by the actual numbers of only 2.600 units in Germany - the main market of the Phaeton - from January to October (Kraftfahrtbundesamt KBA) and estimated sales of 3500 units worldwide (Handelsblatt, 2003). The targeted sales of 20.000 units in 2004 (Weernink, 2003) seem to be completely unrealistic.But the Volkswagen top-management remained silent. Although Volkswagen always claims that the Phaeton's technology, specifications and passenger protection is absolutely comparable with the competing Mercedes S-Class, BMW 7 and Audi A8, customers seem to spot a big disadvantage of the VW Phaeton - the lack of perception and the missing customer benefit of expressing the driver's status.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 1,3 (A), Växjö University (Centre of Competitiveness), course: International Marketing Strategy, language: English, abstract: Staying one step ahead of competition requires a… sufficient short and long term strategy. To formulate these strategies it is of great importance to analyse the inner competence of a firm. For the last decades several researchers have been developing different approaches to determine idiosyncratic factors generating sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) by a value creating strategy.In the analytical discussion we have developed our own model by considering the existing approaches and adding some new important factors as driver and forces of SCA. Thus, the model is applied to Peugeot to show its feasibility. The model shows the synergy through the collective learning between the internal factors: resources, capabilities, competences, core competence; and the external factors: customer relationship, competitors and stresses the importance of interaction between these factors to shape the SCA of a firm placed in a highly competitive market.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1.3 (A), University of Manchester (Manchester School of Management), language: English, abstract: This paper adresses how the defence of local culture is becoming an increasing concern in the curre…nt era of globalisation, as diminishing transport costs and new forms of communication are enabling worldwide dissemination of products and ideas. The import of cultural goods from nations with disparate values and traditions is investigated, which could potentially cause the destabilisation of national or local communities. Indeed, these cultural goods may displace existing products and result in cultural homogenisation. Also, this paper looks at measures designed to protect culture which are exempt from WTO consideration and disputes between nations are negotiated bilaterally. As a result, fears that larger economies, such as the US, are able to dominate the cultural industries of smaller nations are investigated. Finally, this paper makes two main recommendations concerning domestic policy and concerning international trade policy. Through the development of a methodology which can develop agreements on more easily recognisable cultural interests - those less clouded by economic motivations - such a body would be able to tackle the more complex and problematic issues, with the aim of separating economic and political issues from genuine cultural concerns.
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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 10 (Skala von 0 bis 10), University of Piraeus (Department of Business Administration), course: Seminar: Fundamentals of Management, language: English, abstract: In the 20th century, global…competition and entering in foreign markets are not only opportunities for companies which want to improve their business position. As an example one study indentified 136 U.S. Industries - including automobiles, accounting services, entertainment, consumer electronics, and publishing - that will have to compete on a global basis or disappear. There are different ways in which to enter in a foreign market: Exporting, licensing, franchising, entering into a joint venture with a host country company, and setting up a wholly owned subsidary in the host country. This term paper will concentrate on the last two ways, which are called direct investments, which means that the company is involved in managing the productive assets, which distinguishes it from other entry strategies that permit less managerial control.It seems to be clear that, in general, competing in foreign markets where there are significiant cross-country variations in cultural, demographic, and market conditions, poses a much bigger strategy-making challenge than just competing at home. But where exactly are the main difficulties and how to solve at least the biggest problems It sounds funny when we hear some mistakes of big companies like Wal-Mart, which has encountered difficulties in translating the warehouse club concept to Hong Kong. As a young accountant eyed a 4-pound jar of peanut butter, he said. 'The price is right, but where should I put it '. Or when Coors Beer tried to translate a slogan with the phrase 'Turn It Loose' into Spanish and it came out as 'Drink Coors and Get Diarrhea'. Although these examples may seem humorous, these kind of problems are serious for managers trying to operate in a competitive global environment. The different problems companies have when they make direct investments abroad and how to solve them will be theme of this term paper.
