Physica feb 2001 (12 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The pure theory of international economics operates within a methodological framework of (static) equilibrium modelling. This sets a number of restrictions to its capability to explain empirical economic phenomena. A huge part of the scientific discourse takes place within this equilibrium framework. This is also true for new approaches like e.g. the New Economic Geography and models operating with market structures of oligopoly. This is why it is a courageous effort to try to cross the apparently unalterable borders set by equilibrium modelling. Most certainly this cannot be an end in itself. Especially the pure theory of international economics is still in many fields lacking adequate possibilities to deal with phenomena in space and time. These two dimensions have in common that they make the introduction of specific facets of movement, change, evolution - and therefore 'mobility' - possible. Besides this 'dynamic' component a point of view that includes space and time challenges us to find new possibilities to model heterogeneous agents. If these ideas are not so revolutionary in their content, the attempt to introduce them into a formal model is a big challenge. Moreover, it poses the question about the role of a theory of 'international' economics in such a wider framework. 235 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The pure theory of international economics operates within a methodological framework of (static) equilibrium modelling. This sets a number of restrictions to its capability to explain empirical economic phenomena. A huge part of the scientific discourse takes place within this equilibrium framework. This is also true for new approaches like e.g. the New Economic Geography and models operating with market structures of oligopoly. This is why it is a courageous effort to try to cross the apparently unalterable borders set by equilibrium modelling. Most certainly this cannot be an end in itself. Especially the pure theory of international economics is still in many fields lacking adequate possibilities to deal with phenomena in space and time. These two dimensions have in common that they make the introduction of specific facets of movement, change, evolution - and therefore 'mobility' - possible. Besides this 'dynamic' component a point of view that includes space and time challenges us to find new possibilities to model heterogeneous agents. If these ideas are not so revolutionary in their content, the attempt to introduce them into a formal model is a big challenge. Moreover, it poses the question about the role of a theory of 'international' economics in such a wider framework.Physica Verlag, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 248 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Empirical measurement of impacts of active labour market programmes has started to become a central task of economic researchers. New improved econometric methods have been developed that will probably influence future empirical work in various other fields of economics as well. This volume contains a selection of original papers from leading experts, among them James J. Heckman, Noble Prize Winner 2000 in economics, addressing these econometric issues at the theoretical and empirical level. The theoretical part contains papers on tight bounds of average treatment effects, instrumental variables estimators, impact measurement with multiple programme options and statistical profiling. The empirical part provides the reader with econometric evaluations of active labour market programmes in Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Slovak Republic and Sweden. 246 pp. Englisch.…

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The most powerful computers in the world are not only used for scientific research, defence, and business, but also in game playing. Computer games are a multi-billion dollar industry. Recent advances in computational intelligence paradigms have generated tremendous interest among researchers in the theory and implementation of games. Game theory is a branch of operational research dealing with decision theory in a competitive situation. Game theory involves the mathematical calculations and heuristics to optimize the efficient lines of play. This book presents a sample of the most recent research on the application of computational intelligence techniques in games. This book contains 7 chapters. The first chapter, by Chen, Fanelli, Castellano, and Jain, is an introduction to computational intelligence paradigms. It presents the basics of the main constituents of compu tational intelligence paradigms including knowledge representation, probability-based approaches, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and rough sets. In the second chapter, Chellapilla and Fogel present the evolution of a neural network to play checkers without human expertise. This chapter focuses on the use of a population of neural networks, where each network serves as an evaluation function to describe the quality of the current board position. After only a little more than 800 generations, the evolutionary process has generated a neural network that can play checkers at the expert level as designated by the u.s. Chess Federation rating system. The program developed by the authors has also competed well against commercially available software. 161 pp. Englisch.…

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Decision makers in managerial and public organizations often encounter de cision problems under conflict or competition, because they select strategies independently or by mutual agreement and therefore their payoffs are then affected by the strategies of the other decision makers. Their interests do not always coincide and are at times even completely opposed. Competition or partial cooperation among decision makers should be considered as an essen tial part of the problem when we deal with the decision making problems in organizations which consist of decision makers with conflicting interests. Game theory has been dealing with such problems and its techniques have been used as powerful analytical tools in the resolution process of the decision problems. The publication of the great work by J. von Neumann and O. Morgen stern in 1944 attracted attention of many people and laid the foundation of game theory. We can see remarkable advances in the field of game theory for analysis of economic situations and a number of books in the field have been published in recent years. The aim of game theory is to specify the behavior of each player so as to optimize the interests of the player. It then recommends a set of solutions as strategies so that the actions chosen by each decision maker (player) lead to an outcome most profitable for himself or her self. 258 pp. Englisch.…

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The most powerful computers in the world are not only used for scientific research, defence, and business, but also in game playing. Computer games are a multi-billion dollar industry. Recent advances in computational intelligence paradigms have generated tremendous interest among researchers in the theory and implementation of games. Game theory is a branch of operational research dealing with decision theory in a competitive situation. Game theory involves the mathematical calculations and heuristics to optimize the efficient lines of play. This book presents a sample of the most recent research on the application of computational intelligence techniques in games. This book contains 7 chapters. The first chapter, by Chen, Fanelli, Castellano, and Jain, is an introduction to computational intelligence paradigms. It presents the basics of the main constituents of compu tational intelligence paradigms including knowledge representation, probability-based approaches, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and rough sets. In the second chapter, Chellapilla and Fogel present the evolution of a neural network to play checkers without human expertise. This chapter focuses on the use of a population of neural networks, where each network serves as an evaluation function to describe the quality of the current board position. After only a little more than 800 generations, the evolutionary process has generated a neural network that can play checkers at the expert level as designated by the u.s. Chess Federation rating system. The program developed by the authors has also competed well against commercially available software.Physica Verlag, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 176 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Empirical measurement of impacts of active labour market programmes has started to become a central task of economic researchers. New improved econometric methods have been developed that will probably influence future empirical work in various other fields of economics as well. This volume contains a selection of original papers from leading experts, among them James J. Heckman, Noble Prize Winner 2000 in economics, addressing these econometric issues at the theoretical and empirical level. The theoretical part contains papers on tight bounds of average treatment effects, instrumental variables estimators, impact measurement with multiple programme options and statistical profiling. The empirical part provides the reader with econometric evaluations of active labour market programmes in Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Slovak Republic and Sweden.Physica Verlag, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 256 pp. Englisch.…

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Decision makers in managerial and public organizations often encounter de cision problems under conflict or competition, because they select strategies independently or by mutual agreement and therefore their payoffs are then affected by the strategies of the other decision makers. Their interests do not always coincide and are at times even completely opposed. Competition or partial cooperation among decision makers should be considered as an essen tial part of the problem when we deal with the decision making problems in organizations which consist of decision makers with conflicting interests. Game theory has been dealing with such problems and its techniques have been used as powerful analytical tools in the resolution process of the decision problems. The publication of the great work by J. von Neumann and O. Morgen stern in 1944 attracted attention of many people and laid the foundation of game theory. We can see remarkable advances in the field of game theory for analysis of economic situations and a number of books in the field have been published in recent years. The aim of game theory is to specify the behavior of each player so as to optimize the interests of the player. It then recommends a set of solutions as strategies so that the actions chosen by each decision maker (player) lead to an outcome most profitable for himself or her self.Physica Verlag, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 276 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Innovation networks are a major source for acquiring new information and knowledge and thus for supporting innovation processes. Despite the many theoretical and empirical contributions to the explanation of networks, many questions still remain open. For example: How can networks, if they do not emerge by their own, be initiated How can fragmentation in innovation systems be overcome And how can networking experience from market economies be transferred to the emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe By presenting a selectionof papers which address innovation networking from theoretical and political viewpoints, the book aims at giving answers to these questions. 284 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Innovation networks are a major source for acquiring new information and knowledge and thus for supporting innovation processes. Despite the many theoretical and empirical contributions to the explanation of networks, many questions still remain open. For example: How can networks, if they do not emerge by their own, be initiated How can fragmentation in innovation systems be overcome And how can networking experience from market economies be transferred to the emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe By presenting a selection of papers which address innovation networking from theoretical and political viewpoints, the book aims at giving answers to these questions.Physica Verlag, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 304 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Umweltökonomische Fragestellungen erfordern Modelle, in denen neben ökonomischen auch technische bzw. naturwissenschaftliche Zusammenhänge berücksichtigt werden. Ein Beispiel für ein technisch fundiertes ökonomisches Modell stellt DIOGENES dar. Mit DIOGENES läßt sich die Entwicklung eines Wirtschaftszweiges einschließlich der induzierten ökonomischen und ökologischen Größen untersuchen, wobei auch die Altersstruktur des Kapitalstocks sowie technische, wirtschafts- und gesellschaftspolitische Restriktionen berücksichtigt werden. Anhand der Elektrizitätswirtschaft in Baden-Württemberg wird gezeigt, daß es bei Nichtbeachtung vorhandener Strukturen und Restriktionen zu einer Fehleinschätzung der Geschwindigkeit kommen kann, mit der umweltpolitische Ziele auf regionaler Ebene erreicht werden können bzw. zu einer Fehleinschätzung der kurzfristig vorhandenen technischen Substitutionsmöglichkeiten. 185 pp. Deutsch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand während meiner Tätigkeit am Zentrum für Euro päische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH (ZEW) in Mannheim. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine überarbeitete Version meiner Doktorarbeit, die im Februar 2000 vom Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Universität Osnabrück als Dissertati onsschrift angenommen wurde. Mein besonderer Dank gilt meinen Doktorvater Prof. Dr. Bernd Meyer und Herrn Prof. Dr. Ralf Pauly, der freundlicherweise das Korreferat übernahm. Beide standen mir bei der Anfertigung der Arbeit stets mit wertvollen Anregungen und konstruktiver Kritik zur Seite. Ebenfalls herzlich möchte ich mich bei Prof. Dr. Olav Hohmeyer und Herrn Dr. Christoph Böhringer bedanken. Sie standen mir in zahlreichen Diskussionsrunden hilfreich zur Seite und förderten die Erstellung der Dissertation am ZEW. Zu erwähnen sind ferner Herr Dipl-Kfm. Tim Hoffmann und Frau Dipl.-Vw. Dagmar Nelissen, die mich sowohl fachlich als auch bei der Durchführung von Korrekturarbeiten unterstützten. Ein ganz besonder Dank gilt Johanna Bollinger. Ohne Ihre Verständnisbereit schaft für meine Arbeit und ihre aktive Mithilfe bei sprachlichen Formulierungen, wäre die Dissertation in der vorliegenden Form nicht zustande gekommen.Physica Verlag, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 196 pp. Deutsch. …