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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Vitamins and related growth factors belong to the few chemicals with a positive appeal to most people; the name evokes health, vitality, fitness, strength . . . . each one of us indeed needs his daily intake of vitamins, which should normally be provided via a balanced and varied diet. However, current food habits or preferences, or food processing and preservation methods do not always assure a sufficient natural daily vitamin supply, even for a healthy human being; this is all the more true for stressed or sick individuals. Although modern society is seldom confronted with the notorious avitaminoses of the past, they do still occur frequently in overpopulated and poverty- and famine-struck regions in many parts of the world. Apart from their in-vivo nutritional-physiological roles as growth factors for man, animals, plants and micro-organisms, vitamin compounds are now being introduced increasingly as food/feed additives, as medical-therapeutical agents, as health-aids, and also as technical aids. Indeed, today an impressive number of processed foods, feeds, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and chemicals contain extra added vitamins or vitamin-related compounds, and single or multivitamin preparations are commonly taken or prescribed. These reflections do indicate that there is an extra need for vitamin supply, other than that provided from plant and animal food resources. Most added vitamins are indeed now prepared chemically and/or biotechnologically via fermentation/bioconversion processes. Similarly, other related growth factors, provitamins, vitamin-like com pounds, i. e.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The present volume continues the aim of Structure Reports to present critical accounts of all crystallographic structure determinations. Details of the arrangement in the volumes, symbols used etc. are given in previous volumes (e.g. 41B or 42A, pages vi-viii). University of Guelph, G. FERGUSON Guelph, Ontario, Canada 4 February, 1984 [VI] STRUCTURE REPORTS SECTION I METALS Edited by L. D. Calvert (National Research Council of Canada) with the assistance 0/ 1. K. Byron J. R. Rodgers [1] 2 ARRANGEMENT As in previous volurnes the arrangement in the Metals section is approximately, but not strictly, alphabetical, and to find particular substances the subject index or formula index should be used. 3 ALKALI METAL - TRANSITION METAL - PNICTIDES ABX (A = Ba, Sr; B = Zn, Cd; X = Sb, Bi), CaMnSb 2 2 E. BRECHTEL, G. CORDIER and H. SCHAFER, 1981. J. Less-Common Metals, 79, 131-138. ABX , tetragonal, SrZnBi type (1), I4/mmm, Z = 4. Mo radiation, diffractometer 2 2 data. A in 4(e) O,O,z; B in 4(d) 0,1/2,1/4; X(l) in 4(c) 0,1/2,0; X(2) in 4(e) O,O,z. See Fig. 1.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Starting with Volume 30, 1965, Structure Reports is produced in a new format by photo-offset printing from typed manuscript with unjustified lines. At the time when the decision for this change was taken, the cost of setting the manuscript in type was becoming so high as to render the cost of individual subscription pro hibitive. At that time automatie typing methods giving justified lines, etc. for photo-offset reproduction did not offer any saving over type setting, but hand typing of the manuscripts could give a considerable saving in production costs. In the belief that a publication that is too expensive to buy is of little value, the format has been changed sacrificing elegance to availability. The new format does not lead to increased length of the volumes since the information content of the typed and typeset pages is practically identical. How ever, the amount of work to be reported demands the eventual separation of Structure Reports into two volumes, A. Metals and Inorganic and B. Organic. It was convenient to introduce this change also at Volume 30, and with Volume 31 further to restriet the publication of crystal data, so that from 1966 onwards the reports deal almost entirely with complete structure determinations only. In the past the aim of Structure Reports has been to present critical reports on all work of crystallographic structural interest, whether it is derived directly from X-ray, electron or neutron diffraction, or even indirectly from other experiments.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This volume is devoted to the electron and phonon energy states of inorganic layered crystals. The distinctive feature of these low-dimensional materials is their easy mechanical cleavage along planes parallel to the layers. This feature implies that the chemical binding within each layer is much stronger than the binding between layers and that some, but not necessarily all, physical properties of layered crystals have two-dimensional character. In Wyckoff's Crystal Structures, SiC and related com pounds are regarded as layered structures, because their atomic layers are alternately stacked according to the requirements of cubic and hexagonal close-packing. How ever, the uniform (tetrahedral) coordination of the atoms in these compounds excludes the kind of structural anisotropy that is fundamental to the materials dis cussed in this volume. An individual layer of a layered crystal may be composed of either a single sheet of atoms, as in graphite, or a set of up to five atomic sheets, as in Bi2 Te3' A layer may also have more complicated arrangements of the atoms, as we find for example in Sb S . But the unique feature common to all these materials is 2 3 the structural anisotropy, which directly affects their electronic and vibrational properties. The nature of the weak interlayer coupling is not very well understood, despite the frequent attribution of the coupling in the literature to van der Waals forces. Two main facts, however, have emerged from all studies.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - K.J. Ives Professor of Public Health Engineering University College London The filtration of liquids is a process which is widely used in industry. In some cases the object of the process is to clarify the liquid, as in the filtration of beer, or sugar solutions; in other cases the object is to recover solids suspended in the liquid, for example, ores in mineral processing, or the production of pigments such as titanium dioxide. In addition to the many industrial applications of liquid filtration, a considerable investment lies in municipal applications for the filtration of drinking water, wastewater and the sludges arising from water and sewage treatment. Indeed, in terms of volume filtered, it is likely that the municipal application exceeds that of industry. The difference between clarification of the liquid and recovery of the solids is often expressed in the division of the processes into deep bed filtration and cake filtration.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Starting with Volume 30, 1965, Structure Reports is produced in a new format by photo-offset printing from typed manuscript with unjustified lines. At the time when the decision for this change was taken, the cost of setting the manuscript in type was becoming so high as to render the cost of individual subscription pro hibitive. At that time automatic typing methods giving justified lines, etc. for photo-offset reproduction did not offer any saving over type setting, but hand typing of the manuscripts could give a considerable saving in production costs. In the belief that a publication that is too expensive to buy is of little value, the format has been changed sacrificing elegance to availability. The new format does not lead to increased length of the volumes since the information content of the typed and typeset pages is practically identical. How ever, the amount of work to be reported demands the eventual separation of Structure Reports into two volumes, A. Metals and Inorganic and B. Organic. It was convenient to introduce this change also at Volume 30, and with Volume 31 further to restrict the publication of crystal data, so that from 1966 onwards the reports deal almost entirely with complete structure determinations only. In the past the aim of Structure Reports has been to present critical reports on all work of crystallographic structural interest, whether it is derived directly from X-ray, electron or neutron diffraction, or even indirectly from other experiments.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This book is a collection of scientific papers presented at the XVIII International Congress of Aviation and Space Medicine held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, from 15-18 September 1969. It is dedicated to General E. de Vries and Dr. K. Vaan drager, President and Vice-President of the Congress, who wished that this unsur passed exchange of scientific information by distinguished authorities of the inter national aerospace medical community be made readily available to all as a valuable source of information. I am deeply grateful to the Congress Committee for honoring me with this editorship, to the authors for submitting generally excellent manuscripts and to the publisher for compiling a book of such high quality. This book contains both Main Theme papers, given by invited lecturers, and selected Free Communications at the Congress. Main Themes were 'physiology of atmospheric pressure' (papers by Ernsting, Meijne, Sluijter, Behnke), 'vestibular problems in aviation medicine' (papers by Melvill Jones, Benson, Oosterveld, Groen, Guedry and Benson, Brandt, Henriksson and Nilsson), 'aviation and cardiology' (papers by Blackburn, Wood) and 'space medicine' (paper by Berry). The Free Communications herein focus on many areas of continuing and timely interest to clinicians and investigators in aerospace medicine. Selection and health maintenance of pilots, medical problems in airline passengers, use of the centrifuge as a therapeutic device, and circadian rhythm effects on man's psychophysiological state receive particular attention. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The activation of carbon dioxide by transition metal complexes has been extensively studied. both experimentally and theoretically. 1 Central reactions in this chemistry are the insertion of C02 into M-X bonds. where X = H. C. 0. and N. (eq. 1-4). We are presently investigating the mechanistic aspects of these reaction processes and will herein deSCribe our current level of understanding. Comparisons of the pathway of the carbon-carbon bond fonning process in transition metal chemistry with the well known analogous chemistry involving organolithium reagents will be presented. Furthermore. the role of these reaction types in both homogeneous and heterogenous catalytic processes leading to useful chemicals will be elaborated. _OM (1) lMt-H + ~ lMlopi _OM (2) [Mt-R + C0. 2 [M]0. 2CR _OM (3) [Mt-OR+ ~ [M]0. 2COR _OM (4) [Mt-NR2 + C0. 2 [M]~CNR2 Insertion of C02 into the Metal-Hydride Bond. The reaction of anionic group 6 (Cr. Mo. W) transition metal hydrides with carbon dioxide to afford metalloformates occurs readlly at ambient temperature and 2 reduced pressures of carbon dioxide. This insertion process is referred to the normal pathway (Scheme 1). There are no documented cases of C02 insertion into the metal hydride bond to provide the alternative. metallocarboxylic acid. isomer (referred in Scheme 1 as abnormal). 3 Recent theoretical studies ascribe this preference to an unfavorable electrostatic interaction and poorer orbital overlap in the latter pro 4 cess. Nevertheless.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Centrally important to the progress of inorganic chemistry is the application of new physical techniques for determining crystal and molecular structures. Electronic structure, too, can now be explored by a large variety of spectros copic techniques, most of them of quite recent origin. Realizing how essential it was to bring together experts in the techniques themselves and those who might use them for their own chemical purposes, Professor Furlani and I began in the early 1970's to organize small meetings at which this kind of interchange could take place. The first, funded by the Italian National Research Council and Ministry of Education, was at Frascati in 1971. It was followed by others at Oxford (1974) and Pugnochiuso (1977), funded under the NATO Advanced Study Institutes programme. Lectures given at the Oxford Advanced Study Institute were published by D. Reidel under the title Electronic States of Inorganic Compounds: New Experimental Techniques. A three year interval between these Institutes has proved suitable both for introducing new generations of potential users to the methods and allowing us to incorporate advances in the methods themselves. In fact, since the last Advanced Study Institute in the series several important advances have occurred, particularly in electron, ion and neutron spectros copies. We concentrated the course for 1980 on these newer aspects, though the more specialized lectures were prefaced with introductory material for those not familiar with the general principles.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This volume is a record of the proceedings of the IXth International Rotifer Symposium, which was held in Khon Kaen, Thailand, on January 16-23, 2000. The symposium was the first meeting of the international group of rotifer researchers held in Asia. The volume contains reviews and research papers dealing with diverse aspects of scientific research related to Rotifera and their ecology. Some of the topics addressed are: taxonomy and zoogeography, ecology, phylogeny and evolution, physiology, biochemistry and population genetics, aquaculture, and ecotoxicology. This book is special because it contains a unique compilation of contemporary rotifer-related research, and is the eighth of a series of rotifer symposium proceedings published in Developments of Hydrobiology. This update of Rotifera studies will be of great interest to invertebrate zoologists, hydrobiologists, ecologists, and aquaculturists, particularly those interested in freshwater habitats.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The contents of this volume are based on the U.S.-Japan Seminar on the Dynamics of the Middle Atmosphere, held at the East-West Center of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 8-12 November 1982. The seminar was jointly sponsored by the United States National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The participants included eleven scientists from the U.S.A., eleven from Japan, and one from Australia. In recent decades the meteorology of the middle atmosphere has become a subject of increasing research activity. Much of this acti vity has been stimulated by concern about possible anthropogenic per turbations of the stratospheric ozone layer, and also possible linkages with climatic fluctuations. Observational and theoretical efforts to study the dynamics, physics, and chemistry of the middle atmosphere have recently intensified on an international basis with the beginning of the Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP). Thus the Seminar was very timely.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The papers in this book were submitted for the 1988 London International Chlorine Symposium. This was the fifth symposium organised by the Electro chemical Technology Group of the Society of Chemical Industry and proved as popular as ever, attracting a record number of 294 delegates from 31 countries. Twenty-seven papers were presented during the two and a half-day event covering the latest developments in chlor-alkali technology. The field of membranes and membrane cells was well represented by some 15 papers, reflecting the importance of membrane technology to the future of the industry. This is particularly relevant in view of increasing environmental pressures and rising costs. However, papers relating to the more traditional mercury and diaphragm cell technologies were also presented, together with a paper concerned with sodium chlorate manufacture. In addition, there were presentations covering the commercial and safety aspects of the chlor-alkali industry. The Electrochemical Technology Group of the Society of Chemical Industry offer thanks to the many people and organisations whose help ensured the success of this symposium. In particular, we would like to thank: 1. The contributors of the papers. 2. The session chairmen: Dr R. G. Smerko (The Chlorine Institute Inc.); Mr B. Lott (The Associated Octel Company Limited); Mr T. F. O'Brien (United Engineers and Constructors); Dr B. S. Gilliatt (ICI Chemicals and Polymers Limited); Mr D. Bell (Hays Chemicals Limited). 3. The Chlorine Institute for assistance with printing costs and for active participation.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Biotechnology is now one of the major growth areas in science and engineering and within this broad discipline enzyme technology is one of the areas earmarked for special and significant developments. This publication is the second edition of Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnol ogy which was originally published in 1983. In this edition the editors have attempted to bring together accounts (by the relevant experts) of the current status of the major areas of enzyme technology and specifically those areas of actual and/or potential commercial importance. Although the use of microbial enzymes may not have expanded at quite the rate expected a decade ago, there is nevertheless intense activity and considerable interest in the whole area of enzyme technology. Microbial enzymes have been used in industry for many centuries although it is only comparatively recently that detailed knowledge relating to their nature, properties and function has become more evident. Developments in the 1960s gave a major thrust to the use of microbial enzymes in industry. The commercial success of alkaline proteases and amyloglucosidases formed a bed-rock for subsequent research and development in the area.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This proceedings contains tutorials presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Design and Implementation of Optimiz ation Software (Urbino, Italy, 20 June - 2 July, 1977) organized by the Committee on Algorithms (COAL) of the Mathematical Program ming Society. The authors are to be congratulated on their clear expositions plus their prompt cooperation. We were especially fortunate to have had two of the first pioneers in designing mathematical programming systems: W. Orchard-Hays and E. M. L. Beale. Surveying the contents the reader will find that the papers fall into three categories which we can roughly designate by: linear programming, extensions of linear programming, and non linear programming. In the first category on linear programming, the three back ground papers by W. Orchard-Hays capture a historical perspective through the scope of modern systems, while T. J. Dekker's paper provides background in numerical methods used in optimization software. One area neglected by most previous mathematical pro gramming symposia is the information structure employed to mani pulate large volumes of data. The tutorial on matricial packing by H. J. Greenberg includes modern structures, including recent suggestions by J. Kalan and D. Rarick; another tutorial on pivot selection describes the vast range of tactics that have evolved, aimed at reducing computational effort with the strategy of the simplex method.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This book contains the proceedings of a workshop on the Theoretical Founda tion for Large-Scale Computations of Nonlinear Material Behavior, held under the auspices of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Defense Advance Re search Projects Agency (DARPA), at Northwestern University, October 24-26, 1983. The main objective of this workshop was to provide a forum for the exchange of information and views on major issues relating to the fundamentals of character izing the inelastic constitutive material behavior. Comments on the Aims of the Workshop, by Drs. William Snowden and Thomas Bache, pp. 1-5, outline reasons for holding this workshop, and provide further background. The format of the workshop was designed to optimize the interaction between researchers whose primary interest is material characterization and numerical analysts whose primary interest is the development and practical use of large computer codes. The program of the workshop and a list of the workshop partic ipants are found at the end of these proceedings.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - In recent years, the importance of material science, or the understanding of the physical properties of food materials in the progress of food engineering, has become more recognized. Increasing numbers of basic and applied studies in this area appear in numerous journals and literature scattered around various disciplines. This 'Series in Food Material Science' is planned to survey, collect, organize, review and evaluate these studies. By doing so, it is hoped that this series will be instrumental in bringing about a better understanding of the physical properties of food materials, better communication among scientists, and rapid progress in food engineering, science and technology. This volume, Theory, Determination and Control of Physical Properties of Food Materia/s, Volume I of the 'Series in Food Material Science', contains basic principles, methods and instrumental methods for determination and application of the modifi cation of physical properties. In this book, noted investigators in the subjects have pooled their knowledge and made it available in a condensed form. Every chapter is selfcontained with most of them starting with a review or introduction, including the viewpoint of the author. These should offer a beginner a very general introduction to the subjects covered, make the scientists and technologists in the field aware of current progress and allow the specialists a chance to compare different viewpoints.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Starting with Volume 30, 1965, Structure Reports is produced in a new format by photo-offset printing from typed manuscript with unjustified lines. At the time when the decision for this change was taken, the cost of setting the manuscript in type was becoming so high as to render the cost of individual subscription pro hibitive. At that time automatic typing methods giving justified lines, etc. for photo-offset reproduction did not offer any saving over type setting, but hand typing of the manuscripts could give a considerable saving in production costs. In the belief that a publication that is too expensive to buy is of little value, the format has been changed sacrificing elegance to availability. The new format does not lead to increased length of the volumes since the information content of the typed and typeset pages is practically identical. How ever, the amount of work to be reported demands the eventual separation of Structure Reports into two volumes, A. Metals and I norganic and B. Organic. It was convenient to introduce this changealso at Volume 30, and with Volume 31 further to restriet the publication of crystal data, so that from 1966 onwards the reports deal almost entirely with complete structure determinations only. In the past the aim of Structure Reports has been to present critical reports on a1l work of crystallographic structural interest, whether it is derived directly from X-ray, electron or neutron diffraction, or even indirectly from other experiments.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - These proceedings contain lectures given at the N.A.T.O. Advanced Study Institute entitled 'Scattering Theory in Mathematics and Physics' held in Denver, Colorado, June 11-29, 1973. We have assembled the main series of lectures and some presented by other participants that seemed naturally to complement them. Unfortunately the size of this volume does not allow for a full account of all the contributions made at the Conference; however, all present were pleased by the number and breadth of those topics covered in the informal afternoon sessions. The purpose of the meeting, as reflected in its title, was to examine the single topic of scattering theory in as many of its manifestations as possible, i.e. as a hub of concepts and techniques from both mathematics and physics. The format of all the topics presented here is mathematical. The physical content embraces classical and quantum mechanical scattering, N-body systems and quantum field theoretical models. Left out are such subjects as the so-called analytic S-matrix theory and phenomeno logical models for high energy scattering. We would like to thank the main lecturers for their excellent presentations and written summaries. They provided a focus for the exceptionally strong interaction among the participants and we hope that some of the coherence achieved is reflected in these published notes. We have made no attempt to unify notation.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - 1. INTRODUCTION Although quite spectacular results have been obtained in the last few decades in the field of homogeneous transition metal catalyzed transformations of olefins and alkynes [1], reactions which could lead to heterocycles have been partly neglected. An obvious reason for this is that substrates containing heteroatoms such as N, 0 or S could coordinate the metal and suppress the catalytic activity. Nevertheless, some interesting early examples of transition-metal-catalyzed syntheses of heterocyclic compounds have been reported and these have been reviewed by C. W. Bird [2] . More recently the incorporation of CO , which enables esters and lactones 2 to be synthesized from olefinic starting materials, has begun to attract attention (see, for example, ref. [3]). The dominant role of palladium as the catalyst for the formation of O-containing heterocycles has been suggested to be associated with the relatively low strength of the Pd-O bond. Among the first examples of a nitrogen-containing heterocycle to be formed by homogeneous catalysis is the triazine shown in Equation 1 which is the product of the trimerization of benzonitrile in the presence of iron penta carbonyl or Raney nickel [4] .…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The International Symposium on Marine Positioning (INSMAP) was conceived by the Marine Geodesy Committee at OCEANS 84, Washington, DC. It became clear at that time, that timing is appropriate to focus attention on individual specific problem areas under the broad umbrella of Marine Geodesy. After scheduling INSMAP 86 by the Marine Technology Society, we were fortunate to generate strong support from our co-sponsor s. All their assis tance and support are gra tefully acknowledged. Our special thanks are expressed to the U.S. Geological Survey; Charting and Geodetic Services, NOS/NOAA; Office of Naval Research, and Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity for their support through financial grants (ONR No. N00014-86-G-0107, NOS/NOAA No. 40AANC601637, and USGS No. 14-08-0001-G1207) as par tial funding to the INS MAP 86. We are al so gra teful to the U.S. Geological Survey for providing the auditorium and other logistic support in making the symposium a success. A total of 165 persons attended INSMAP 86, of which 20 percent were from outside the United States. Nine technical sessions and five special workshops were held wi thin a four-day forma t. Invited speakers included Dr. Alan Berman, Dean, Rosensteil School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences; RADM J. R. Seeshol tz, Oceanographer of the U.S. Navy; RADM John D. Bossler, Director of Charting and Geodetic Services, NOS/NOAA; Mr. Chris von Al t, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute; and RADM L. H. van Opstal, Hydrographer of the Royal Dutch Navy.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - G.P. MORETTI The Triennial Symposium of Trichoptera would seem to have become a regular event on the calendar. Initiated by Prof. Malicky at Lunz in Austria in 1974, they continued at Reading in England in 1977 (Convenor: Dr M.I. Crichton), the last, this year, took place in Perugia, Italy (Convenor: Prof. G.P. Moretti) and the next will be hosted by Dr J.C. Morse in Clemson, U.S.A. in 1983. The most outstanding points of the 3rd International Symposium on Trichoptera held at Perugia from July 28 to August 2, 1980 were I) the high number of participants; 2) the extent, scientific interest and coverage of the papers presented and 3) the warmth and immediate contact which drew everyone together from the first moment. Twenty-one nations (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslavakia, Denmark, France, Germany-F.G.R., Germany-G.D.R., Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States) were represented by a total of 63 trichopterologists who presented 54 papers and 8 posters during in 8 sessions chaired by M.I. Crichton, H. Malicky, A. Nielsen, O. Flint, L.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - A Colloquium was held in Orleans on July 5-9, 1982, to cele brate the 80th birthday of Professor Charles SADRON. This meeting was devoted to the 'Structure, Dynamics, Interactions and Evolution of Biological Macromolecules', research areas whose development in France owes so much to Pr. Sadron's efforts. The Colloquium was sponsored by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. This book is a collection of the plenary lectures delivered during this scientific meeting together with several contributions from former collaborators of Pro Charles Sadron. Charles Sadron was born in 1902 at Chateauroux, near the center of France. After highschool in his native town he moved to the University of Poitiers where he was graduated in Physics and then ob tained the Agregation degree in 1926. Appointed as a highschool teacher in Strasbourg, he devoted his spare time to research in magnetism under the direction of Pro P. Weiss. He got his Ph. D. from the Uni versity of Strasbourg in 1932 and then did a post-doctoral work at Caltech with Pr. Von Karman. Back to France in 1934, he was appoin ted as Associate Professor at the University of Strasbourg in 1937. His interest in colloidal suspensions and polymers dates back to these ti mes when he started to study the morphology of chain polymers. When the second world war started, Charles Sadron moved to Clermont-Ferrand with other members of the University of Strasbourg.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - R.E. Newell President, International Commission on Climate International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics Water is the active ingredient in the global climatic system, its physical properties ensuring that it plays a major role. Its high thermal capacity provides a mechanism for moderating mid latitude winter temperatures; solar energy is absorbed by the surface layers of the middle latitude oceans in summer and is released to the atmosphere in winter as the ocean cools. The variation of saturation vapour pressure with temperature is the factor which causes oceanic surface temperatures at low latitudes to be limited by evaporation to values near 29°C, thereby limiting tropical marine air temperatures to about the same value. The substantial amount of energy involved in phase changes - the latent heat - governs the passage of solar energy to the atmo sphere; visible solar radiation is absorbed at the Earth's surface, energy is supplied to evaporate water and the latent heat is released to the atmosphere when and where condensation occurs, which is often a considerable distance from the source of the moisture. The infrared radiative characteristics of water vapour, namely the broad vibration-rotation bands typical of a triatomic molecule, permit it to act as the principal agent of energy loss from the atmosphere, throu ,h infrared radiation to space.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - In the past the aim of Structure Reports has been to present critical reports on all work of crystallographic structural interest, whether it is derived directly from X-ray, electron, or neutron diffraction, or even indirectly from other experiments. The reports were in tended to be critical and not mere abstracts, except in some cases when a brief indication of the content of a paper of related interest was included in the form of an abstract. In selecting topics for reporting, the criterion 'of structural interest' was freely interpreted in terms of what was topically interesting. However, the amount of literature covering matters of structural interest became so large that this policy could no longer be followed, and from Volume 28 onwards, critical reports are given only on actual structure deter minations. Only in this way was it possible to keep yearly volumes to a fairly uniform and usable size. Starting with Volume 30, Structure Reports is produced in a new format by photo-offset printing from typed manuscript with unjustified lines. At the time when the decision for this change was taken, the cost of setting the manuscript in type was becoming so high as to render the cost of individual subscription prohibitive. At that time automatic typing methods giving justified lines, etc.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This book deals with the cellular biology, biochemistry and physiology of photoreceptors and their interactions with the second-order neurons, bipolar and horizontal cells. The focus is upon the contributions made by these neurons to vision. Thus the basic neurobiology of the outer retina is related to the visual process, and visual defects that could arise from abnormalities in this part of the retina are highlighted in the first 16 chapters. Since all vertebrate retinas have the same basic structure and physiological plan, examples are given from a variety of species, with an emphasis upon mammals, extending to human vision. The last four chapters approach the problem from the other end. This part of the book covers a range of clinical conditions involving visual abnormalities that are due to cellular defects in the outer retina. Although the contents of this book do not represent the proceedings of a conference, the concept arose at an international symposium on 'Recent Advances in Retinal Research' which was held at the International Marine Centre in Oristano, Sardinia. We hope that the book will give a coherent, up to date review of the neurobiology and clinical aspects of the outer retina and encourage further integration of these areas. Retinal neurobiology has been an intense field of investigation for several decades. More recently, it has seen significant advances with the application of modern techniques of cell and molecular biology.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Editorial.- Plenary Papers.- Carried Along on a Path Line in Modelling Constitutive Equations of Viscoelastic Fluids.- The Rheology of Powders.- Some Inverse Problems in Rheology Leading to Integral Equations.- Keynote Papers.- The Rheology of Fibre Suspensions.- Challenges in Process Rheometry.- The Rheological Properties of Polyacrylamide Solutions in Shear and Extension.- Infrared Polarimetry Studies for Multicomponent Polymer Melts.- Progress and Challenges in Computational Rheology.- Rheology of Rodlike Polymers in the Nematic Phase.- Physiology Mechanics and Rheology.- Rheology of Polymer Gels.- Contributed Papers.- Closure Approximations for Three-Dimensional Orientation Structure Tensors.- Compression Creep of Molten Polymers.- Rheometry of Dilute Solutions of Polyelectrolytes.- Modelling of Slit Devolatilization of Polymers.- Magnetized Polymer Solution Flow in Porous Media.- Fiber Spinning Experiments on Polyox and Polyacrylamide Solutions.- Detection and Quantification of Barus Effect in Viscoelastic Fluid Mixtures.- Modification of Rheological Polymer Behaviour by Ultra-Sound Application.- Rheological Properties of a Micelle System in Solution to be Used as Reference Liquid with Viscoplastic Behaviour.- Liquid Filament Microrheometer and Some of its Applications.- Polymeric Jets Beads-on-String Breakup and Related Phenomena.- Numerical Investigation of Break-up of Viscoelastic Jets.- The Imfluence of Liquid Phase Rheology on Particulate Paste.- Entry and Exit Flows of Non-Newtonian Fluids.- Determination of the Rheological Properties of Solids Using Pulse Propagation Methods.- Experiments and Computer Simulations on the Flow of Concentrated Dispersions.- Peristaltic Flow of Viscoelastic Liquids.- Rheological Rate Type Models Including Temperature History.- The Characterisation of Concentrated Particulate Suspensions that Exhibit Plasticity.- Mixing in Rheologically Complex Fluids.- Anisotropic Conduction of Heat in a Polymeric Material.- The Flow of Surfactant Solutions through Porous Media: Universal Laws.- The Rheology of Weakly-Attracting Colloidal Particles at High Concentrations.- The Rheological Properties of Extrusion-Cooked Wheat Starch in the Moisture Range 27-36%.- Further Investigations on the Modelling of Gravity-Drawn Boger Fluid Jets.- Viscometric Properties of a Dense Aqueous Silica Slurry Containing Iron(III) and Tin(IV) Oxide.- The Use of Viscometers as Mimics of Flow Processes.- Flow of Power Law Fluids through Assemblages of Spherical Particles.- Further Observations of Anomalous Entry Flow Patterns through a Planar Contraction.- Rheology and Mass Transfer in Mycelial Fermentation Broth.- Rheology of Unheated Gellan Gels.- Rheological Behaviour of a Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Copolyester: Hydroxybenzoic Acid/2,6-Hydroxynaphthoic Acid (HBA/HNA).- Injection Moulding of Confectionery Materials.- Inertial Effects in Viscoelastic Flows.- Non-linear Effects in Controlled Stress Oscillation.- On the Corner and Lip Vortices in Abrupt Contractions.- Deformation of Plastic Disperse Systems (PDS) at Low Shear Rates.- Theoretical Considerations on the Steady Rod Climbing at Vanishing Influence of Gravity.- A Computer Code for Simulating Transient Non-isothermal Flows of Non-Newtonian Fluids.- Anisotropic Turbulence in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions.- Shock Disintegration of Polymer Solutions.- Measurement of the Normal Stress Coefficients by Means of an Optical Technique.- Flow of Entangled Polydimethylsiloxanes through Capillary Dies: Characterisation and Modelisation of Wall Slip Phenomena.- Inferring a Retardation Spectrum from Creep Data by a Modified Maximum Entropy Method.- Torsion Pendulum for Measuring the Dynamic Moduli in a Steady Shear Flow.- On the Rheological Properties of Rubber Compounds Containing Different Carbon Black Concentrations.- The Application of Rheometry in the Testing and Characterization of Speciality Thermoplastics.- Viscosity Measurement during Cooling of a Crystallizing Glass.- Influence of Oil Phase Concentration and Temperature on Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Mayonnaise.- The Onset of Viscoelastic Rayleigh-Benard Convection.- Relaxation Times of Aqueous Polyacrylamide Solutions.- Constitutive Equations for Dynamically Loaded Polymer Solids and their Application in a Finite Element Program.- Singular Finite Elements for Fluid Flow Problems with Stress Singularities.- Rheometer Strain and Strain-Rate Errors.- Herbert Freundlich and Thixotropy: The Long Horizon of his Pioneering Insight.- A Power-Law Model of Thixotropy.- Rheological Properties of Liquid Crystalline Hydroxypropylcellulose Aqueous Solutions.- Isotropic and Anisotropic Shear Flow in Continuous Fibre Thermoplastic Composites.- Dynamic Viscoelasticity of Mayonnaise Containing Different Egg Products.- Time-Related Flow Behaviour of Shear Thickening Systems.- A Constitutive Equation Theory of Viscoelastic Fluids.- Unsteady Fibre Spinning of Viscoelastic Fluid.- Drag Reduction by Addition of Konjaku Flour for Turbulent Flow in a Circular Tube.- Investigation of Instability in Rheological Equations of the Differential Type.- The Calibration and Use of the Strathclyde Rheometer for the Study of Plastisols and Related Systems.- On Propagation of Discontinuities in Nonlinear Hereditary Media.- 3D Flow Simulation in Non-Newtonian Fluids.- The Use of Pseudorandom Test Signals in the Rheometry of Linear-Viscoelastic Materials.- The Rheological Behaviour of Water Borne Basecoats.- Recovery of Strain-Induced Damage in Filled and Unfilled Elastomers.- Fluid Failure Mechanisms in Stretching Flows: Extensional Viscosity and Complexation.- Tri-dimensional Effective Properties of Quasi-Periodic Porous Elastic Anisotropic Composite Materials through a New Homogenization Technique.- Stability of Melt Spinning Processes.- Rheological Properties of Iron-Free Kaolin/Water Suspensions.- Extensional Viscosity, an Elusive Property of Mobile Liq. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - When one considers the overall representation of frontier orbital filling of hexacoordinate (Oh) and tetracoordinate (Td) inorganic and organo metallic complexes, it clearly appears that out of 26 cases covering both high spin and low spin situations, 21 represent paramagnetic species (K. Purcell, J. Kotz, 'Inorganic Chemistry', Saunders, 1977, p561). This would suggest that, if there is a part in chemistry to illustrate the reactivity of radical species, this part certainly is inorganic organometallic chemistry. In contrast with these expectations, and whereas the standard Organic Chemistry textbook (J. March ,'Advanced Organic Chemistry', J. Wiley, N. Y. , 1985) has a specific chapter devoted to free radical reactivity, neither the inorganic standard (FA Cotton, G. Wilkinson, 'Advanced Inorganic Chemistry', Wiley, 1988), nor the Organometallic one (J. P. Collman, L. S. Hegedus, J. R. Norton, R. G. Finke, 'Principles and Applications of Organotransition Metal Chemistry', University Science Books Mill Valley C. A. , 1987) possess such a specific chapter. The balance is partly restored because the two last cited books have a more comprehensive treatment of electron transfer phenomena. These comparisons show unambiguously that the importance of paramagnetic species in chemical reactivity still lacks a consistent treatment transcending the artificial barriers between branches of Chemistry. This book, which brings together experimental facts and concepts originating from organometallic and organic reactivities, is a step in the direction of bridging this gap. The unifying thread which connects the 35 chapters throughout this book is Activation/Selectivity and Catalysis by means of radical chemistry.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The material in this book is based on invited and contributed pa pers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on INon-stoichio l metric Compounds held in Ringberg Castle, Rottach-Egern (Bavarian Alps), Germany, July 3-9, 1988. The workshop followed previous meetings held in Mogilany, Poland (1980), Alenya, France (1982), Penn State, USA (1984) and Keele University, UK (1986). The aim of these workshops is to present and discuss up-to-date knowledge in the study of non-stoichiometry and its effect on materials properties as well as to indicate the most urgent research pathways required in this field. Since the subject of non-stoichiometry is interdisciplinary, the workshops bring together solid state physicists and chemists, surface scientists, materials scientists, ceramists and metallurgists. The present workshop, which gathered 42 scientists of an inter national reputation, mainly considered the effect of surfaces, grain boundaries and structural defects on materials properties. From discus sions during this meeting it emerged that correct understanding of properties of ceramic materials requires urgent studies on the defect structure of the interface region. Progress in this direction requires the development of the interface defect chemistry. This is the task for materials scientists in the near future. The present proceedings includes both theoretical and experimen tal work on general aspects of non-stoichiometry, defect structure and diffusion in relation to the bulk and to the interface region of such materials as high tech ceramics, solid electrolytes, electronic cera mics, nuclear materials and high Tc oxide superconductors. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Proceedings of the XIth European Conference on Animal Blood Groups and Biochemical Polymorphism Held in Warsaw, July 2-6, 1968 Organized by European Society for Animal Blood Group Research.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - An Advanced Study Institute on Ultrasonics in Medical Diagnosis was held in Milan, Italy, from 10 to 15 June 1974. This ASI was of a short five-day duration and limited to cardiac diagnosis by ultra sound only. Since that time, the field of diagnostic imaging in medicine has literally exploded with new and improved means of medical diagnosis such as computed tomography, microwaves, nuclear magnetic resonance and other sophisticated techniques. These developments have enabled medical practitioners to make diagnoses with a minimum of danger to the patient, and a maximum of accuracy never before possible, and represent a multi-quantum advance over the early state-of-the-art presented at the 1974 ASI. Since then, several meetings have taken place on these individual topics to bring together experts who presented their latest research results, but none have discussed the entire field of diagnostic imaging in medicine in one meeting nor have they had the teaching character of an Advanced Study Institute. The art and science of medicine have been altered repeatedly during the eight year interval since the last ASI. Today's clinician must be part technologist and must be enough of an investigator to understand and appreciate the scientific method. The current complex advances in instrumentation and pharmacology have had a marked effect on how medicine is practiced. There was, therefore, an urgent need to bring the entire field of imaging in medicine to one teaching podium where the many advances of the last six or seven years could be reviewed.…