springer gabler springer dez 2011 (114 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The design and analysis of data structures and efficient algorithms has gained considerable importance in recent years. The concept of 'algorithm' is central in computer science, and 'efficiency' is central in the world of money. I have organized the material in three volumes and nine chapters. Vol. 1: Sorting and Searching (chapters I to III) Vol. 2: Graph Algorithms and NP-completeness (chapters IV to VI) Vol. 3: Multi-dimensional Searching and Computational G- metry (chapters VII and VIII) Volumes 2 and 3 have volume 1 as a common basis but are indepen dent from each other. Most of volumes 2 and 3 can be understood without knowing volume 1 in detail. A general kowledge of algorith mic principles as laid out in chapter 1 or in many other books on algorithms and data structures suffices for most parts of volumes 2 and 3. The specific prerequisites for volumes 2 and 3 are listed in the prefaces to these volumes. In all three volumes we present and analyse many important efficient algorithms for the fundamental computa tional problems in the area. Efficiency is measured by the running time on a realistic model of a computing machine which we present in chapter I. Most of the algorithms presented are very recent inven tions; after all computer science is a very young field. There are hardly any theorems in this book which are older than 20 years and at least fifty percent of the material is younger than 10 years.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Das vorliegende Buch befasst sich mit den logistischen Grundlagen des Gesundheitsbetriebs, der Gestaltung, Planung, Normierung und Standardisierung von Behandlungs- und Pflegeleistungen, weist auf die Bedeutung des Einsatzes und der Bewirtschaftung von medizinischem Verbrauchsmaterial hin und zeigt die Einsatzbedingungen medizintechnischer Betriebsmittel im Gesundheitsbetrieb auf. Mit der Instandhaltung medizintechnischer Betriebsmittel werden beispielhaft logistische Besonderheiten in Gesundheitsbetrieben behandelt, ebenso wie die Betriebsmittelplanung und -beschaffung. Ausführlich wird auf die medizinische Qualitätssicherung im Allgemeinen und auf besondere Qualitätsmanagementsysteme, wie QEP, ISO, EPA, KTO und EFQM, eingegangen.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Dieses in Praxis und Studium bewährte Standardwerk vermittelt die Grundlagen zur Neu- und Weiterentwicklung technischer Produkte, zur Standardisierung von Produkten sowie zur Automatisierung produktspezifischer Konstruktionsprozesse. Schwerpunkte sind eine umfassende, produktneutrale Beschreibung der Konstruktionselemente und des Konstruktionsprozesses, sowie Beschreibungen produktspezifischer (spezieller) Konstruktionsprozesse, die Standardisierung von Produkten, das Standardisieren und Automatisieren von Prozessen, die Produktplanung und Aufgabenstellung sowie Informationssysteme über Technische Produkte. Zur Verdeutlichung der Theorie wurde Wert auf zahlreiche Praxisbeispiele gelegt.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Vol. 2: Graph Algorithms and NP-Completeness.- IV. Algorithms on Graphs.- 1. Graphs and their Representation in a Computer.- 2. Topological Sorting and the Representation Problem.- 3. Transitive Closure of Acyclic Digraphs.- 4. Systematic Exploration of a Graph.- 5. A Close Look at Depth First Search.- 6. Strongly-Connected and Biconnected Components of Directed and Undirected Graphs.- 7. Least Cost Paths in Networks.- 8. Minimum Spanning Trees.- 9. Maximum Network Flow and Applications.- 10. Planar Graphs.- 11. Exercises.- 12. Bibliographic Notes.- V. Path Problems in Graphs and Matrix Multiplication.- 1. General Path Problems.- 2. Two Special Cases: Least Cost Paths and Transitive Closure.- 3. General Path Problems and Matrix Multiplication.- 4. Matrix Multiplication in a Ring.- 5. Boolean Matrix Multiplication and Transitive Closure.- 6. (Min,+)-Product of Matrices and Least Cost Paths.- 7. A Lower Bound on the Monotone Complexity of Matrix Multiplication.- 8. Exercises.- 9. Bibliographic Notes.- VI. NP-Completeness.- 1. Turing Machines and Random Access Machines.- 2. Problems, Languages and Optimization Problems.- 3. Reductions and NP-complete Problems.- 4. The Satisfiability Problem is NP-complete.- 5. More NP-complete Problems.- 6. Solving NP-complete Problems.- 7. Approximation Algorithms.- 8. The Landscape of Complexity Classes.- 9. Exercises.- 10. Bibliographic Notes.- IX. Algorithmic Paradigms.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 280 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The theory of Petri nets is a part of computer science whose importance is increasingly acknowledged. Many papers and anthologies, whose subject matter is net theory and its applications, have appeared to date. There exist at least seven introductory textbooks on the theory. The present monograph augments this literature by offering a mathematical treatment of one of the central aspects of net theory: the modelling of concur rency by partially ordered sets. Occurrence nets - which are special nets as well as special partial orders - are proposed by net theory for this purpose. We study both the general properties of occurrence nets and their use in describing the concurrent behaviour of systems. Occurrence nets may be contrasted with a more language-oriented approach to the modelling of concurrency known as arbitrary interleaving. We will dis cuss some connections between these' two approaches. Other approaches based on partially ordered sets - such as the theory of traces, the theory of event structures and the theory of semi words - are not considered in this book, in spite of the strong links between them and net theory.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 124 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Class field theory, which is so immediately compelling in its main assertions, has, ever since its invention, suffered from the fact that its proofs have required a complicated and, by comparison with the results, rather imper spicuous system of arguments which have tended to jump around all over the place. My earlier presentation of the theory [41] has strengthened me in the belief that a highly elaborate mechanism, such as, for example, cohomol ogy, might not be adequate for a number-theoretical law admitting a very direct formulation, and that the truth of such a law must be susceptible to a far more immediate insight. I was determined to write the present, new account of class field theory by the discovery that, in fact, both the local and the global reciprocity laws may be subsumed under a purely group theoretical principle, admitting an entirely elementary description. This de scription makes possible a new foundation for the entire theory. The rapid advance to the main theorems of class field theory which results from this approach has made it possible to include in this volume the most important consequences and elaborations, and further related theories, with the excep tion of the cohomology version which I have this time excluded. This remains a significant variant, rich in application, but its principal results should be directly obtained from the material treated here. 156 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This first of the two-volume presentation of structural complexity introduces the background necessary for the understanding of complexity theory. It is written for undergraduate students with basic knowledge in Formal Language Theory and contains about 140 exercises and many bibliographical remarks. This second, corrected edition includes an appendix with recent results and an update of the references.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 228 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This monograph represents the second book of the series entitled: 'SCI ENTIFIC FUNDAl-1ENTALS OF ROBOTICS'. While the first volume provides a study of the dynamics of spatial mechanisms and its application to the design of these mechanisms, the present one focuses on the synthesis -of control based~n the knowledge of dynamic models (presented in de tail in the first_ volume). In this way a logical continuity is formed in which one may easily recognize a 'dynamic' approach to the design of manipulation r-obots and the synthesis of control algorithms based on exact mathematical models of dynamics of open spatial mechanisms. When writing the monograph, the authors had the following objective: to prove that a study of dynamic properties of manipulation mechanisms is justifiable, to use the dynamic properties in the synthesis of con trol algorithms, and to determine, from one case to another, a proper measure of dynamics depending on the type of manipulation task, the 'v$!locity at which 'it is carried out, and on the type of the manipu- tion mechanisms itself. The authors believe they have thus made the study of dynamics,' aimed at synthesizing algorithms for dynamic con trol, free from unnecessary academicism and allowed the readers to apply all the results presented here to practical purposes of manipu lator design in thfil broader sense of the word. At this point, the au thors would like to present some concepts which were their guidelines in preparing this text.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 384 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -At least four research fields detennine the theoretical background of specification and deduction in computer science: recursion theory, automated theorem proving, abstract data types and tenn rewriting systems. As these areas approach each other more and more, the strong distinctions between functional and relational views, deductive and denotational approaches as well as between specification and programming are relieved in favour of their integration. The book will not expose the lines of this development; conversely, it starts out from the nucleus of Hom clause logic and brings forth both known and unknown results, most of which affect more than one of the fields mentioned above. Chapter 1 touches on historical issues of specification and prototyping and delimits the topics handled in this book from others which are at the core of related work. Chapter 2 provides the fundamental notions and notations needed for the presentation and interpretation of many-sorted Horn clause theories with equality. Chapter 3 supplies a number of sample Hom clause specifications ranging from arithmetic through string manipulation to higher data structures and interpreters of programming languages. Some of these examples serve as a reference to illustrate definitions and results, others may throw a light on the strong link between specifications and programs, which are executed by applying deduction rules. Thus we have included examples of how to use program trans/ormation methods in specification design.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 340 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This monograph systematically reviews recent developments in population genetics. The reader can use this book either to obtain a thorough and comprehensive coverage of the present state of knowledge of the subject, and to learn new methods from it, or else to obtain an elementary introduction to the field.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 392 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The plan to write this book was laid out in April 1987 at Oberwolfach, dur ing the Conference 'Reelle Algebraische Geometrie'. Afterwards we met at various conferences and seminars in Luminy, Madrid, Munster, Oberwolfach, Segovia, Soesterberg, Trento and La Turballe. We would like to thank the or ganizers and the institutions which supported these meetings. With pleasure we remember the special year on Real Algebraic Geometry and Quadratic Forms (Ragsquad) in Berkeley 1990/91 where an essential part of this book was written. Thanks to T.Y. Lam and R. Robson. We are indepted to our Departments: Universidad Complutense de Madrid and WestfiiJische Wilhelms-Universitiit Munster, as well as the D.A.A.D. and the D.G.I.C.y'T . It is not possible to mention here all colleagues and friends who showed permanent interest in the project. They encouraged us to continue and com plete this work. In particular, we are obliged to Jacek Bochnak, Mike Buchner, Michel Coste and Claus Scheiderer for proofreading and helpful suggestions. While the work was still in progress, Manfred Knebusch used parts of our manuscript for a course on Real Algebraic Geometry. His experience con vinced us that it was worth pursuing a fully abstract approach. We were also in permanent contact with Murray Marshall, and the reader will recognize the mutual influence of ideas. We are also indebted to Professor Reinhold Remmert and to the Springer Verlag for publishing the book in this series.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 284 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -In recent years much attention has been given to the development of auto matic systems of planning, design and control in various branches of the national economy. Quality of decisions is an issue which has come to the forefront, increasing the significance of optimization algorithms in math ematical software packages for al,ltomatic systems of various levels and pur poses. Methods for minimizing functions with discontinuous gradients are gaining in importance and the ~xperts in the computational methods of mathematical programming tend to agree that progress in the development of algorithms for minimizing nonsmooth functions is the key to the con struction of efficient techniques for solving large scale problems. This monograph summarizes to a certain extent fifteen years of the author's work on developing generalized gradient methods for nonsmooth minimization. This work started in the department of economic cybernetics of the Institute of Cybernetics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences under the supervision of V.S. Mikhalevich, a member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, in connection with the need for solutions to important, practical problems of optimal planning and design. In Chap. I we describe basic classes of nonsmooth functions that are dif ferentiable almost everywhere, and analyze various ways of defining generalized gradient sets. In Chap. 2 we study in detail various versions of the su bgradient method, show their relation to the methods of Fejer-type approximations and briefly present the fundamentals of e-subgradient methods.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 176 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -In 1890 P. J. Heawood [35] published a formula which he called the Map Colour Theorem. But he forgot to prove it. Therefore the world of mathematicians called it the Heawood Conjecture. In 1968 the formula was proven and therefore again called the Map Color Theorem. (This book is written in California, thus in American English. ) Beautiful combinatorial methods were developed in order to prove the formula. The proof is divided into twelve cases. In 1966 there were three of them still unsolved. In the academic year 1967/68 J. W. T. Youngs on those three cases at Santa Cruz. Sur invited me to work with him prisingly our joint effort led to the solution of all three cases. It was a year of hard work but great pleasure. Working together was extremely profitable and enjoyable. In spite of the fact that we saw each other every day, Ted wrote a letter to me, which I present here in shortened form: Santa Cruz, March 1, 1968 Dear Gerhard: Last night while I was checking our results on Cases 2, 8 and 11, and thinking of the great pleasure we had in the afternoon with the extra ordinarily elegant new solution for Case 11, it seemed to me appropriate to pause for a few minutes and dictate a historical memorandum. We began working on Case 8 on 10 October 1967, and it was settled on Tuesday night, 14 November 1967.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 212 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -From May 20 to May 24, 1986 a conference on distributive justice and in equality was held at the Institute for Advanced Study Berlin (Wis senschaftskolleg zu Berlin). More than thirty scholars participated in this conference. The topics of the presentations ranged from ethics, welfare economics and social choice theory to characterizations of inequality meas ures and redistributive taxation schemes. This book contains a selection of the papers given at the conference. This collection of articles also appeared as issues 2 and 3 of volume 5 of Social Choice and Welfare. In the first paper P. Suppes argues for a pluralistic concept of equity. For too long the emphasis has been on income distribution but there are other characteristics which are important when one talks about equity. Suppes suggests that it would be desirable to have Lorenz curves for a variety of fea tures of societies, such as education, health and housing. P. Dasgupta studies the quality of lives in terms of an index of living stand ards. One has to distinguish between 'same number choices' (the number of lives is given) and 'different numbers choices' (problem of optimum popUlation). The author argues that in the latter case the anonymity (or sym metry) axiom cannot be readily defended. Once it is dropped, however, an incoherence in the moral ordering of possible worlds arises. The moral basis for different numbers choices becomes generation-dependent, an overall moral ordering of possible worlds no longer exists.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 184 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The theory of finite-dimensional algebras is one of the most fundamental domains of modern algebra, applied in several parts of mathematics and in theoretical physics. This book, written by two of the leading researchers in the field and revised and augmented for the English edition, was translated from the Russian by a third leading specialist, who has contributed to it an appendix. The book presents both the basic classical theory and more recent results closely related to current research. The only prior knowledge assumed of the reader is linear algebra and, in places, a little group theory. Each chapter includes series of exercises. The book can be used as a textbook or as an up-to-date reference on the subject.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 268 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Blue-Green Algae and Stromatolites.- 1 Interpretation of Microbial Fossils with Special Reference to the Precambrian.- 2 Evolving Concepts on the Nature and the Ecological Significance of Stromatolites: A Review.- 3 Primary Production, Mat Formation and Lithification: Contribution of Oxygenic and Facultative Anoxygenic Cyanophytes (Cyanobacteria).- 4 Skeletal Stromatolites.- 5 Environmental Significance of Foraminiferal-Algal Oncolites.- 6 Stromatolites from the Precambrian Transvaal Dolomite of NE-Transvaal, South Africa.- 7 Environmental Significance of Upper Proterozoic Algal Stromatolites from Zambia.- 8 Stromatolites and Thrombolites in Precambrian/Cambrian Boundary Beds of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco - Preliminary Results.- 9 Riphean Stromatolites from Western Lower Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, India.- 10 Distribution of Stromatolites and Stromatolitic Reefs in the Precambrian of lndia.- 11 Sedimentpetrographical and Geochemical Studies of the Late Precambrian Stromatolites of India.- 12 Algal Remains in the Lower Cambrian Bonavista Formation, Conception Bay, Southeastern Newfoundland.- 13 Stromatolites from the Zechstein Limestone (Upper Permian) of Poland.- 14 A Possible Bacterial Origin for Famennian Micrites.- Green Algae.- 15 The Development of the Dasyclad Algae through the Ages.- 16 Classification Criteria of Fossil Dasycladales.- Red Algae.- 17 Late Paleozoic Calcareous Red Algae.- 18 The Mesozoic Red Algae: A General Survey.- 19 A Comparison of the Anatomical Structures of a Recent and a Fossil Species of the Corallinaceae.- 20 Reproduction Cycle of an Oncolithic Red Alga (Nemalionales) of the Lacustrine Miocene of Euböa (Greece).- Problems of Affinities.- 21 Problems of Affinity in Palaeozoic Calcareous Algae.- 22 Receptaculitids are Calcareous Algae butno Dasyclads.- 23 On Moravamminida and Aoujgaliida (Porifera, Ischyrospongia) - Upper Paleozoic 'Pseudo Algae'.- Biometry.- 24 Statistical Analysis of Fossil Algae.- Ultrastructure.- 25 Skeletal Structures of Some Calcifying Algae.- Algae and Sedimentary Environments.- 26 Role of Calcareous Algae in Atlantic Continental Margin Sedimentation.- 27 Carbonate Construction and Decomposition by Epilithic and Endolithic Micro-organisms in Salt- and Freshwater.- 28 Carbonate Cementation in Recent Coralline Algal Constructions.- 29 Ecological Studies on two Carbonate Sediment-Producing Algae.- 30 The Coralline Algae from the Miocene Ziqlag Formation in Israel and Their Environmental Significance.- 31 Paleogeographic Significance of Rhodolites: Some Examples from the Miocene of France and Turkey.- 32 The Lower Cretaceous Calcareous Algae in the Area Surrounding Geneva (Switzerland). Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environments.- 33 Relationships of Algae with Depositional Environments and Faunal Assemblages of the Panormide Carbonate Platform, Upper Triassic, Northwestern Sicily.- 34 Environmental Models for Upper Paleozoic Benthic Calcareous Algal Communities.- 35 Devonian Calcareous Algae from the Dinant and Namur Basins, Belgium.- 36 Some Ordocivian and Silurian Algae from Selected Areas of the Southwestern United States.- 37 Early Cambrian Algal Carbonates in Southern Spain.- Index of Generic and Species Names.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 396 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -General aspects of nucleic acid uptake by mammalian cells have been the subject of several reviews during the last few years (PAGANO, 1970; BHARGAVA and SHANMUGAM, 1971; DUBES, 1971; RYSER, 1967). These reviews covered methods used for the infection of cells by viral nucleic acids as well as interaction of mammalian cells with non-viral nucleic acids. This article is restricted to a discussion of experiments with poliovirus RNA and focuses special attention on the steps following the uptake of RNA into a cell, aspects that were not discussed in earlier review articles. The fate of input RNA once inside the cell is determined by the host cell but experimental conditions can be chosen to favor the survival of input RNA and the induction of a virus growth cycle by interfering with host-cell meta bolism through events that, in the case of infection with intact virus, might be controlled by viral proteins.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 184 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -In the past two decades, considerable interest in skin cancer has developed in the public and scientific communities. There may have been several reasons for this: - The rise in the global incidence of cutaneous cancers - New molecular biology techniques resulting in a better understanding of pathogenesis and improved diagnostic procedures - The advent of new pathological entities, e. g. , the endemic form of Kaposi's sarcoma - A constantly increasing range of therapeutic modalities, providing even more efficacious treatment and manage ment of skin cancers As N. E. Fusenig describes in the first chapter of this volume, basic research is only beginning to unravel the complex mechanism involved in cellular dedifferentiation and tumor progression. Progress is dearly needed, especially in dermato oncology, where the rise in the incidence of epithelial tumors has inflated the overall skin cancer incidence. The incidence of tumors of the skin exceeds that of all other neoplasias in humans, with recreational sun exposure being a suspected primary cause. Several studies on the effects of UV radiation have been included at the beginning of this volume. Even the role of long wavelength UV (UVA) has become a focus of research activities. The main concern is that the low carcinogenicity of UVA, in comparison to UVB, may be outweighed and exceeded in its effects by increased UV A exposure, e. g.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 460 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -In July, 1988, more than 300 scientists from 29 different countries gathered at Tiibingen, W. Germany, in order to spend 4 days discussing their favourite trace element, selenium. This meeting continued the good tradition of three previous meetings held in Corvallis/Oregon, 1976, in Lubbock/Texas, 1980, and in Beijing/China, in 1984. Incidentally, the University of Tiibingen provided a unique historical background for a Symposium devoted to recent advances in biochemistry, pharmacology, human nutrition and human health; here, the first independent depart ment of Physiological Chemistry in Germany was founded in 1845. Pro fessor H9Ppe-Seyler elucidated here the hemin structure and his student Friedrich Miescher discovered the nucleic acids. This book contains one-half of the oral or poster presentations which were selected before the meeting was held on the basis of a one page abstract. It is the reader who will have to decide whether this time consuming policy of quality assessment was warranted or not.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 352 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -In this book experts introduce to research in the new field of highly redundant sensing in robotic systems. Fundamental issues addressed are: theory and techniques, general concepts, implementation and applica- tion, and biological analogies.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 340 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This volume of the Encyclopaedia contains two contributions, one on combinatorial and asymptotic methods in algebra and one on non-associative structures. Both are surveys which are written for non-specialists and although the topics treated are of an algebraic nature they are also related to topology, differential geometry, computer algebra and quantum physics. The book will be a valuable source of information for graduate students and researchers in mathematics, computer science and theoretical physics.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 300 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The subject of this book is the investigation of tree transducers. Tree trans ducers were introduced in theoretical computer science in order to study the general properties of formal models which give semantics to context-free languages in a syntax-directed way. Such formal models include attribute grammars with synthesized attributes only, denotational semantics, and at tribute grammars (with synthesized and inherited attributes). However, these formal models share certain constituents which are irrelevant in the investi gation of the general properties considered in this book. In particular, we can abstract (a) from derivation trees of the context-free grammar and take trees over some ranked alphabet, (b) from the semantic domain of the model and use the initial term algebra instead, and finally (c) from the machine oriented computation paradigm, which maintains the incarnation information of recursive function calls, and take a term rewriting semantics instead. Ap plying these three abstraction steps to attribute grammars with synthesized attributes only, to denotational semantics, and to attribute grammars we obtain the concepts of top-down tree transducer, macro tree transducer, and attributed tree transducer, respectively. The macro attributed tree transducer combines the concepts of the macro tree transducer and the attributed tree transducer. This book explores the general properties of these four types of tree transducers.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 288 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book the second volume in the 'Springer Series in Biophysics' col lects together contributions to the conference on 'Biophysics and Syn chrotron Radiation' held in July 86 at Frascati. This meeting addressed the advances on the structure of biological molecules obtained by using synchrotron radiation. In fact it was most timely to review the results of the research in biophysics which is rapidly developing at synchrotron radiation facilities. Moreover, there was interest to discuss the new perspectives opened up by the future high brilliance synchrotron radia tion sources. With the use of synchrotron radiation, x-ray spectroscopy of biological molecules is firmly established in the techniques of EXAFS and XANES. Contributions to the detailed knowledge of local structure of active sites of metalloproteins by this approach are presented in this volume, together with a number of studies of -the interaction of metal ions with other important biological macromolecular systems. Structural determination of very large biological systems at high reso lution, including a protein and its substrate, are reported. The experi mental advances in protein crystallography presented here reduce the time for solving protein structures, thus satisfying a major require ment of the rapidly-expanding field of protein engineering.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 352 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -To our families The formal language theory was born in the middle of our century as a tool for modelling and investigating the syntax of natural languages, and it has been developed mainly in connection with programming language handling. Of course, one cannot deny the impulses from neuronal net investigations, from logic, as well as the mathematical motivation of the early researches. The theory has rapidly become a mature one, with specific problems, techniques and results and with an internal self-motivated life. Abstract enough to deal with the essence of modelled phenomena, formal language theory has been applied during the last years to many further non-linguistical fields, sometimes surprisingly far from the previous areas of applications; such fields are developmental biology, economic modelling, semiotics of folklore, dramatic and musical works, cryptography, sociology, psychology, and so on. All these applications as well as the traditional ones to natural and programming languages revealed a rather common conclusion: very frequently, context-free gram mars, the most developed and the most 'tractable' type of Chomsky grammars, are not sufficient. 'The world is non-context-free' (and we shall 'prove' this statement in Section 0.4). On the other hand, the context-sensitive grammars are too powerful and definitely 'intractable' (many problems are undecidable or are still open; there is no semantic interpretation of the nonterminals an so on). This is the reason to look for intermediate generative devices, conjoining the simpli city and the beauty of context-free grammars with the power of context-sensitive ones.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 312 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This is the first research-level monograph to be written on this vast and multi-faceted subject on the interface of mathematics and theoretical physics. The book gives a unified account of what is known, established theory and a state-of-the-art account of what is still developing. The mathematical content is not easy, but the results are nevertheless in demand, not only from physicists, but from engineers working for example in semi-conductors and composite materials and other branches of chemical engineering. The book contains many concrete examples, for such applications.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 600 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) represents one of the best-studied metabolic examples of an ecological adaptation to environmental stress. Well over 5 % of all vascular plant species engage in this water-conserving photosynthetic pathway. Intensified research activities over the last 10 years have led to major advances in understanding the biology of CAM plants.New areas of research reviewed in detail in this book include regulation of gene expression and the molecular basis of CAM, the ecophysiology of CAM plants from tropical environments, the productivity of agronomically important cacti and agaves, the ecophysiology of CAM in submerged aquatic plants, and the taxonomic diversity and evolutionary origins of CAM.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 488 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The series 'Chemistry of Plant Protection' continues the handbook 'Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel', edited by R. Wegler. This volume covers contributions in the fields of pyrethroid residues and immunoassays.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 244 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -While expert systems technology originated in the United States, its development has become an international concern. Since the start of the DENDRAL project at Stanford University over 15 years ago, with its objective of problem-solving via the automation of actual human expert knowledge, significant expert systems projects have been completed in countries rang ing from Japan to France, Spain to China. This book presents a sample of five such projects, along with four substantial reports of mature studies from North American researchers. Two important issues of expert system design permeate the papers in this volume. The first concerns the incorporation of substantial numeric knowledge into a system. This has become a significant focus of work as researchers have sought to apply expert systems tech nology to complex, real-world domains already subject to statistical or algebraic description (and handled well at some level in numeric terms). A second prominent issue is that of representing control knowledge in a manner which is both explicit, and thus available for inspection, and compatible with the semantics of the problem domain.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 484 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book is a collection of reviews on the renal transport of organic substances. The first chapters deal with general aspects of the topic. The following articles treat the present knowledge on the renal trans port of specific compounds or classes of organic substances, whereas the fmal chapter on comparative physiology deals with the renal trans port of organic substances in non-mammalian vertebrates. The articles of this volume were presented in an abbreviated form as introductory lectures at a recent Symposium on Renal Transport of Organic Substances. This conference was organized by Prof. Deetjen and the editors, and was held in Innsbruck, Austria, in July 1980 at the Department of Physiology of the University of Innsbruck. During this conference the authors of the free communications (published as abstracts ill Renal Physiology, 2 (3), pp 135-166 (1980) as well as Drs. C. Gottschalk, T. Hoshi, K.C. Huang, J.P. Kokko, Ch. de Rouffignac, K. Scharer, BM. Schmidt-Nielsen, and J.A. Young, who acted as chair persons at the meeting, were invaluable contributors to the discussions of the topics reviewed in this volume. We hope that the book will be of value to nephrologists, to renal physiologists, and to those who are involved in teaching physiology, pharmacology, and internal medicine.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 332 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Basically five problems areas are addressed by operationsresearch specialists in the manufacturing domain: theore- tical and practical aspectsin production planning, facility layout, inventory control, tool management and scheduling. Some of these problems can be solved off-line, while others must be treated as real-time problems impacted by the changing state of the system. Additionally, all of these problems have to be dealt with in an integrated systems framework. Several new topics have recently appeared in the scientific literature which now attract the interest of operations researchers. These include distributed real-time scheduling, hierarchical and heterarchical control systems, integrated algorithms for design, process planning, and equipment level programming, material handling in a finite capacity resource environment, and designing and implementing distributed data management systems. The contributions of these proceedings represent new andunique theoretical developments and applications related to these new topics. They deal with modelling production structures and applying expert systems or neural networks to production systems. Mathematical programming, control theory, simulation, genetic algorithms, tabu search, and simulated annealing are applied as solutiton techniques.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 544 pp. Englisch.