Springer nature okt 2011 (202 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - A specialist in hand surgery will not be available at all hospitals for some years. In the meantime, the fate of the patient will continue to rest in the hands of the surgeon who first treats him. It is essential, therefore, that both the novice and the accomplished surgeon have a sound grasp of the diagnostic and therapeutic fundamentals of hand surgery. The material in this book is presented in a clear, practical manner by a general surgeon who has successfully practiced hand surgery; the result is an especially useful and rewarding book. Many acute situations in hand surgery are not as complicated as they appear to be, whereas other problems can be handled only after much study and experience. Based on his experience with over 7000 general and emergency opera- tions yearly at the Ludwigshafen Surgical Clinic and after years of inten- sive work in the field of hand surgery, my medical chief, Dr. H. R. Mittelbach, has taken the time and trouble to write this handbook for general and clinical practice. For the practicing surgeon and especially the resident, the most important aspects of the treatment of hand injuries have been presented in a clear, concise manner. The didactic excellence of the material, its novel format, and the simple yet forceful drawings that obviate lengthy text descriptions enable the reader to become quickly oriented. However, the book is more thanjust a 'cookbook' for quick reference.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book is intended to provide a treatment of the production, properties and applications of X-rays suitable for undergraduate courses in physics. It is hoped that parts of it, at least, will be useful to students on other courses in physics, materials science, metallurgy, chemistry, engineering, etc. at various levels. It is also hoped that parts of it will serve as an introduction to the subject of X-ray crystallography, and to this end the treatment of X-ray diffraction has been designed to show the relation between the simple approach and the more sophisticated treatments. During many years of teaching this subject to Degree, Diploma in Technology and Higher National Certificate students, I have been unable to find a single book which attempts to cover the whole of this field. This lack of a treatment of X-rays and their applications in one volume has prompted me to attempt to fill the gap and this present volume is the result. Obviously in writing such a book I have referred to many existing books and I acknowledge my indebtedness to the authors of all the books which I have used. I believe that all these books are included in the re- ferences at the ends of the chapters but if I have omitted any, then my apologies are offered to the authors concerned.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - of Part 2.- 1 Natural family planning.- 2 Barrier methods of contraception.- 3 Chemistry, contraceptive activity and toxicology of aryl guanidinobenzoates: inhibitors of sperm acrosin.- 4 Measurement of LH in saliva: a new approach to ovulation detection.- 5 Steroid-induced side-effects of oral contraceptives.- 6 Efficacy and physiology of a triphasic oral contraceptive.- 7 Advantages and disadvantages of low-dose hormonal contraceptive agents.- 8 Emerging routes of delivery for fertility-control agents.- 9 Current status of NORPLANT subdermal implants for contraception.- 10 New aspects in post-coital contraception.- 11 Biological evaluation of some medicinal plant extracts for contraceptive efficacy in females.- 12 Pharmacokinetic and antigenicity studies with LHRH analogues.- 13 LHRH nasal spray in contraception.- 14 Acute and intermittent LHRH agonist dosing as post-coital and anti-ovulatory contraceptive approaches.- 15 LHRH antagonists and contraception.- 16 Mechanism of action of gonadotrophin releasing hormone in the pituitary and gonads.- 17 Morphological changes on the surface of IUDs: are they of clinical significance .- 18 The use of non-culture tests for the detection of VD prior to IUD insertion: a view towards the future.- 19 Experience with GYNE-T Cu-380-A intrauterine contraceptive device (1981-1984).- 20 Ten years' experience with continuous use of the butterfly IUD.- 21 The antiprogesterone activity of RU 486, a contragestive agent in the human.- 22 Effects of the anti progesterone RU 486 in early pregnancy and during the menstrual cycle.- 23 Prostaglandins in contraception.- 24 Ovarian hormones and cybernins.- 25 Biochemical aspects of a contraception model based on immunological properties of proteohormones.- 26 Variability in antisperm andantiembryonic humoral immune responses.- 27 Research for the development of an hCG antifertility vaccine.- 28 Present and future aspects of immunological methods in contraception.- 29 Preclinical and clinical aspects of safety in contraception.- 30 The politics of contraception.- 31 Contraceptive futurology: or 1984 in 1984.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Research on the interactions of social psychological and physiological processes has become a major focus of interest among psychologists in the past two decades. The study of these interactions deserves a central role in psychology because bi ological determinants of complex behavior are often postulated, or even assumed, and, conversely, pathophysiological processes are often vaguely attributed to psy chological or social processes, such as stress. Sociophysiology was designed to bring together in one volume a representative sample of the broad range of work currently being done in the area of social psychophysiology. Some of the chapters provide a review of the literature while others focus more specifically on current programs of research. All provide new insights into basic relationships and several provide broad integrative schemes. Sociophysiology can serve as a text for both graduate and higher level under graduate courses in psychophysiology or social psychology. The authors represented provide an extensive overview of the discipline and are in the forefront of stimulating further theoretical and empirical development.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The original Beecham Manual for General Practice was produced by Dr Selwyn Carson, of Christchurch, New Zealand, whose objective was a set of instructions for patient care for his practice team. Beecham Research Laboratories published and distributed it. Dr Ed Gawthorn of Melbourne, Australia, edited an Australian version again published and distributed by Beecham Research Laboratories. We were invited to adapt the New Zealand and Australian editions for British readers -but we decided that we should produce an entirely new Manual. This was done and it was published and distributed to general practitioners by Beecham Research Laboratories. This latest edition has been revised and updated. The Manual is a ready reference on planned care of certain age groups and situations; specific procedures and emergencies; and clinical care in general practice of important conditions. We have intentionally adopted a concise didactic style that should be helpful for trainers, trainees and members of the practice team. We thank Beecham Research Laboratories, and especially Ed Stanford and Bill Burns, for their support and help over many years. John Fry (Editor) June 1982 viii Section A PLANNED CARE Family Planning A1 Discuss with the individual patient the advantages and disadvantages of all the methods. Keep in mind individual needs, wishes and religious beliefs. In Great Britain - 2.5 million women are registered with their G.P.'s for contraception. -100 per G.P. - 95% of G.P.'s provide contraceptive services.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Estuaries exist along the edge of the oceans and seas, and are char acterized by the dilution of sea water by inflowing fresher waters. The motion and interaction of these two types of water (fresh and salt water) determine the salinity distribution within the estuary and that, in turn, affects the organisms residing there. The purpose of this vol ume is to review the status of our understanding of estuarine circu lation and how the circulation patterns affect living and nonliving resources in estuaries. For many years, the primary paradigm for estuarine circulation was the two-layered net or nontidal gravitational circulation pattern first proposed by Dr. Donald Pritchard in his studies of the James River estuary. During the last decade or so, research has focused on the many variations about this theme and the factors that control the transport processes. Many of these aspects are covered in the initial papers in this volume. Water movement, of course, is of interest be cause it transports marine organisms, sediments, and pollutants. Es tuarine circulation has a significant effect on estuarine food chains, and on the distribution and abundance of organisms, such as the American oyster, that are freely transported by the currents during larval stages. The intent is to bring together many of these topics in a single volume. This volume is dedicated to Dr. Donald W.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This volume is the first of a set of two which contain the invited lectures given at the international seminar of the same title held at the Centre de Mecanique Ondulatoire Appliquee du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris (France) from October 1983 to May 1985. They are intended to provide a survey of topics of current interest relative to the structure and the dynamics of molecular systems. The papers have been selected on the basis of their relevance to the following four topics: i) molecular conformations and transformations; ii) molecular relaxation and motion; iii) charge, spin and momentum distributions in molecular solids; iv) collective phenomena in condensed matter. The first volume deals f)1ostly with the first two topics, the second volume mostly with the last two. Each volume consists of about fifteen self contained, reference contributions covering recent achievements in active branches of molecular physics and physical chemistry. The first four papers of the present volume deal with theoretical aspects of structure and reactivity problems, with particular attention being paid to topology considerations, which have joined symmetry con siderations as an important tool in approaching chemistry problems. The treatment of nuclear probability density distributions is performed on a model basis for a simple system, even though it has come to the attention of theoreticians through experimental results for complex systems.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This volume has been composed to commemorate the day, 25 years ago, that Dr. P. J. Verdoorn delivered his inaugural lecture after his appointment as professor of economics at the Netherlands School of Economics at Rotterdam. The prompt and enthusiastic reactions by several members of the profession on our request for a contribution illustrates the fact that Verdoorn is held in high esteem by those who worked with him and those who are acquainted with his work. We thank all the contributors for having helped us to realize our plan to honour Verdoorn with the publication of this 'liber amicorum'. Verdoorn was appointed part time professor of business statistics, market research and marketing in 1952. He held this post until 1969. In that year he started lectures closer related to his work as deputy director of the Central Planning Bureau: general economic research. He became full professor of macro-economic policy in 1975. Verdoorn showed a great versatility in all the fields on which he worked. Without exaggeration he may be characterised as one of the most many-sided economists in the Nether lands. However much the subjects he studied may have varied, the methods he applied show persistent characteristics: theories are formulated to yield testable hypotheses which, when they can be maintained, are made operatio nal for policy purposes. In all these phases of a research program Verdoorn showed a high level of inventivity. A combination of rigour and imagination enabled him to maintain a constant stream of high-quality publications.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Computer technology has impacted the practice of medicine in dramatic ways. Imaging techniques provide noninvasive tools which alter the diag nostic process. Sophisticated monitoring equipment presents new levels of detail for both patient management and research. In most of these high technology applications, the computer is embedded in the device; its presence is transparent to the user. There is also a growing number of applications in which the health care provider directly interacts with a computer. In many cases, these applica tions are limited to administrative functions, e.g., office practice manage ment, location of hospital patients, appointments, and scheduling. Nev ertheless, there also are instances of patient care functions such as results reporting, decision support, surveillance, and reminders. This series, Computers and Medicine, focuses upon the direct use of information systems as it relates to the medical community. After twenty five years of experimentation and experience, there are many tested ap plications which can be implemented economically using the current gen eration of computers. Moreover, the falling cost of computers suggests that there will be even more extensive use in the near future. Yet there is a gap between current practice and the state-of-the-art.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - From the nineteen sixties onwards a branch of philosophy of science has come to development, called history-oriented philosophy of science. This development constitutes a reaction on the then prevailing logical empiricist conception of scientific knowledge. The latter was increasingly seen as suffering from insurmountable internal problems, like e. g. the problems with the particular 'observational-theoretical distinction' on which it drew. In addition the logical empiricists' general approach was increasingly criticized for two external shortcomings. Firstly, the examples of scientific knowledge that the logical empiricists were focusing on were con sidered as too simplistic to be informative on the nature of real life science. Secondly, it was felt that the attention of these philosophers of science was restricted to the static aspects of scientific knowledge, while neglecting its developmental aspects. History-oriented philosophy of science has taken up the challenge implicit in the latter two criticisms, i. e. to develop accounts of science that would be more adequate for understanding the development 1 of real life science. One of the more successful products of this branch of philosophy of science is Lakatos's theory of scientific development, sometimes called the 'methodology of scientific research programmes'. This theory conceives science as consisting of so called research program mes developing in time, and competing with each other over the issue which one generates the best explan~tions of the phenomena that they address. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This represents the third volume in a series on cancer markers pub lished by the Humana Press. The first volume, published in 1980, stressed the relationship of development and cancer as reflected in the production of markers by cancer that are also produced by normal cells during fetal development. The concept that cancer represents a problem of differentiation was introduced by Barry Pierce in describing differenti ation of teratocarcinomas. Highlighted were lymphocyte markers, alphafetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, ectopic hormones, enzymes and isozymes, pregnancy proteins, and fibronectin. The second volume, published in 1982 and coedited with Britta Wahren, focused on the diagnostic use of oncological markers in human cancers, which were systematically treated on an organ by organ basis. At that time, the application of monoclonal antibodies to the identification of cancer markers was still in a very preliminary stage. A general introduc tion to monoclonal antibodies to human tumor antigens was given there by William Raschke, and other authors included coverage of those mark ers then detectable by monoclonal antibodies in their chapters.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The lectures contained in this book were presented at Harvard University in June 1979. The workshop at which they were presented was the third such on algebro-geometric methods. The first was held in 1973 in London and the emphasis was largely on geometric methods. The second was held at Ames Research Center-NASA in 1976. There again the emphasis was on geometric methods, but algebraic geometry was becoming a dominant theme. In the two years after the Ames meeting there was tremendous growth in the applications of algebraic geometry to systems theory and it was becoming clear that much of the algebraic systems theory was very closely related to the geometric systems theory. On this basis we felt that this was the right time to devote a workshop to the applications of algebra and algebraic geometry to linear systems theory. The lectures contained in this volume represent all but one of the tutorial lectures presented at the workshop. The lec ture of Professor Murray Wonham is not contained in this volume and we refer the interested to the archival literature. This workshop was jointly sponsored by a grant from Ames Research Center-NASA and a grant from the Advanced Study Institute Program of NATO. We greatly appreciate the financial support rendered by these two organizations. The American Mathematical Society hosted this meeting as part of their Summer Seminars in Applied Mathematics and will publish the companion volume of con tributed papers.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - During the last 10 years, the role of specific nutrients in cancer prevention and cancer treatment has been the subject of intense basic, preclinical, and clinical research. At present, the major focus of nutri tional oncology is on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and their modification by nutrients and on cancer prevention studies in animals and humans. Some human epidemiological studies have confirmed the hypothesis, developed on animals, that there is an inverse relation ship between the intake and/or level of !3-carotene, vitamin A vita min E, or vitamin C and the risk of cancer, whereas others have shown no such relationship. This is not unexpected, since the protective effect of individual nutrients may be too small to be detected by epidemiological methodologies in which a single vitamin or mineral is considered as one variable. Conclusive evidence regarding the role of nutrients in human cancer prevention will come from a well designed human intervention study using one or more nutrients in a population that has a high risk of developing cancer. The involvement of specific nutrients in the regulation of protooncogene expression has just begun. Also, some of the results of human intervention trials are beginning to yield interesting results. A large number of interna tional scientists from various disciplines, including cell biology, mo lecular biology, nutritional oncology, epidemiology, and public health, reviewed and discussed their most recent findings. The following topics were emphasized: 1. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis; 2.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The present volume of essays on industrial organization, which are based on conferences held at Nijenrode and Brussels, differs considerably from its predecessor. Even more than in the first volume the essays demonstrate the broad scope of industrial organization analysis. Besides the traditional topics such as economies of scale, monopoly and competition policy, there are essays on methodology, on stagflation, and on the relationship between industrial struc ture and international trade and trade policies. The latter topics are of growing importance. The issue of restructuring industries and the question of whether free trade or some measure of protection is more appropriate are topics of increasing relevance today (and will no doubt continue to be in future years as well). The problem of persistent inflation which other essays address is also of major concern. Apart from being broad in scope and venturing into new fields, this volume is also controversial. Its central feature is a debate about welfare aspects. Here, more than in pure analysis, economists tend to entertain different points of view. One of the participants in the Nijenrode conference, Professor John Blair, who died in December 1976 and whom we honour as having been an active promoter of this kind of meeting, wrote to the editors shortly before his death to say that the first volume had succeeded very well in acquainting the reader with the results of empirical investigations, notably on trends and levels of concentration.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - A symposium seems an appropriate vehicle to review recent, as well as new, data on important topics. It is therefore our goal to present a symposium on selected topics of importance every three years. Some topics will be updated and new topics will be presented. A vast amount of information has been accumulated over the past ten years on the significance of anaerobic bacteria in infectious diseases. This symposium was organized to discuss laboratory aspects, normal flora, pathogenicity, serology, and the patients' immune re sponse to anaerobic infection. Important imformation on the patients' immune response and serology of anaerobes which has accumulated over the last few years made these topics an important part of the sympo sium. Development of serological diagnostic tests undoubtedly will provide quicker and less expensive identification of certain anaerobic species in the future. Utilization of the patients' immune response to anaerobic septicemia has the potential of providing a diagnosis of the causative agent within 24 hours after onset of symptoms. The development of such diagnostic methods and the use of these methods in the clinical laboratory in the future would provide rapid diag nostic information to the clinician on these life-threatening infec tions. Campylobacter was included in the symposium to emphasize the important role of this organism in human acute gastroenteritis. The pathogenesis of Campylobacter in gastroenteritis has been recognized in certain European countries since 1972, although we have recognized the importance of Campylobacter gastroenteritis in the United States only within the past two years.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In cats anesthetized lightly with pentobarbital or alpha-chloralose, electrical stimulation of the paramedian lobule of cerebellum resulted in a change of EEG pattern. Prior to stimulation the pattern consisted of h igh-ampl itude slow waves with superimposed low-ampl itude fast activity. In addition, the EEGs of animals anesthetized with chloralose showed 'chloralose spikes'. Immediately following brief cerebellar stimulation the slow wave activity and spikes disappeared, leaving only low-voltage fast activity. The effect was most pronounced in the contralateral leads from the rostral portions of the cerebrum. Study of the parameters most effective in evoking this effect revealed that stimulation frequency, train duration, and probably pulse duration affected the duration of suppression in a sigmoid fashion, with inflection points at approximately 90 Hz, 2.5 sec, and 1 msec, respectively. Above threshold values, stimulation cur rent showed an approximately linear relationship to duration of EEG sup pression. The after-discharge resulting from focal electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex could be shortened by electrical stimulation of the para median lobule. The effect was essentially the same when cerebellar stim ulation preceded, occurred during, or followed the cerebral cortical stim ulation. The great variability of the after-discharge resulting from cerebral cortical stimulation as well as the variability of the effects of cerebellar stimulation made it impractical to study systematically the parameters op timal for shorten ing after-discharge. Such a study wi II require use of an awake, preferably partially restrained animal with electrodes chronically implanted.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The papers in this volume were presented as part of the University of Kansas Department of Anthropology Distinguished Lecture Program on Anthro pological Genetics. Consecutively, each contributor spent approximately a week on the campus at Lawrence participating in a seminar. The contributors to this volume were not on campus at one time, but visited us on alternating weeks; hence, a symposium-type interchange was not possible between all participants. However, the students and faculty of Kansas University acted as a sounding board. This volume can be considered a companion and continuation of Methods and Theories of Anthropological Genetics, which was based upon a symposium on the state of the art in 1971. This present volume reflects what we consider to be some of the advances and current developments in anthropological genetics since 1973. Emphasis has shifted, to some degree, away from population struc ture analysis (as depicted in Crawford and Workman) to genetic epidemiology. However, population structure still remains a fertile and ongoing area of research with many theoretical questions still remaining unanswered.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Metals and alloys rely for their application at high temperature on the formation and retention of oxide scales, which act as a barrier between the metallic substrate and the reactive species in the environment such as 0, S, N, C, Cl, etc. This protection concept requires that the oxide grows slowly, develops a dense, uniform layer, is well adherent, has sufficient ductility to accom modate plastic deformation of the substrate and is resistant to thermal cycling. For many years it has been known that small concentrations of certain 'active elements' such as Y and the rare earths, as well as carbon and sulphur, can exercise a significant influence upon the oxidation! corrosion behaviour of high temperature metals and alloys. An increasing number of experimental studies on this topic have been published recently. However no generally accepted understanding with regard to the detailed mechanisms and the way in which alloy composition and structure, temperature and environmental conditions, etc., are interacting has yet been achieved, although many - often controversial - theories and ideas have been presented. It therefore seemed to be an appropriate time to bring together a group of experts to review and evaluate the current state-of-the-art and to discuss various aspects of this important topic.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The ability to diagnose cancer by simple measurement of a serum or tissue' 'marker' has been a goal of medical science for many years. There is ample evidence that tumor cells are different from normal cells and pro duce substances that can be detected by currently available immuno chemical or biochemical methods. These 'cancer markers' may be se creted proteins, enzymes, hormones, fetal serum components, monoclonal immunoglobulins, cell surface components, or cytoplasmic constituents. The purpose of this book is to present the current status of our knowledge of such cancer markers. The first tumor marker identified by laboratory means was Bence Jones protein. In a series of lectures delivered to the Royal College of Phy sicians in London in 1846, Dr. H. Bence Jones described studies on a urine sample sent to him with the following note: 'Dear Dr. Jones-The tube contains urine of very high specific gravity. When boiled it becomes slightly opaque . . . . etc. ' Dr. Jones found that heating of the urine after addition of nitric acid resulted in formation of a heavy precipitate; acid ad dition may have been required to bring the urine to pH 4-6 at which Bence Jones proteins are more likely to precipitate when heated. This urinary pre cipitate was associated with a bone disease termed 'mollities ossium. ' [H. Bence Jones, Papers on Chemical Pathology, Lecture III. Lancet 2, 269-274 (1847)].…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book is intended for anyone who cares about the health of people exposed to industrial pollutants. Attention is given to those pollutants which present a possible risk to the genetic material of exposed workers. Chapters are devoted to heavy metals such as arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, etc.; insecticides (chlorinated, organophosphorus, and carbonate insecticides); monomers such as vinyl-chloride, acrylonitrile, styrene, vinylidene chloride, butadiene, chlorobutadiene, hexachlorobuta diene, etc.; and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, I, 2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethyl ene, dichloromethane, and I, I, I-trichloroethane. The main aim of this work is to provide the physician, the biologist, the pharmacologist, or anyone involved in genetic toxicology with a useful compendium of up-to-date information and references. Efforts are made to open the field to nonspecialists. An introductory chapter deals with the mechanisms whereby a given compound, reaching genetic material, either directly or indirectly, may increase the risk of a cancer developing in the exposed individual and of abnormalities being passed on to his or her progeny. Efforts are also made to allow easy and efficient reading for those who are not interested in detailed results. Comparative tables provide the following data on the compounds studied: chemical properties, production, occurrence, accepted standards in the industry, and positive or negative results with different test systems. Finally, senior research workers might find good descriptions in this book of the most recent results from mutagenesis and carcinogenesis testing in plant, nonmammalian, and mammalian systems.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book is concerned with the physical aspects of molecular and electronic tunneling in biological systems, and the extent to which protein structure controls these events. The scope is very broad and this volume could almost be a textbook in biophysics. Both fundamental processes and the extrapolation to physiological events are stressed. The discussion sections are remarkably frank and offer insight into the basic problems confronting physists and chemists as they seek to apply their techniques to biological systems. This book on the physics of biomolecules reflects recent progress in understanding the biological function of the key protein molecules from detailed knowledge of their physics. New and exciting are the glasslike aspects of protein structures and the discussion of proteins as fractals. Other topics dealt with are low-temperature kinetics and reactivity, structure and charge exchange, and charge separation in photosynthetic reaction centers. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Problems in decision making and in other areas such as pattern recogni tion, control, structural engineering etc. involve numerous aspects of uncertainty. Additional vagueness is introduced as models become more complex but not necessarily more meaningful by the added details. During the last two decades one has become more and more aware of the fact that not all this uncertainty is of stochastic (random) cha racter and that, therefore, it can not be modelled appropriately by probability theory. This becomes the more obvious the more we want to represent formally human knowledge. As far as uncertain data are concerned, we have neither instru ments nor reasoning at our disposal as well defined and unquestionable as those used in the probability theory. This almost infallible do main is the result of a tremendous work by the whole scientific world. But when measures are dubious, bad or no longer possible and when we really have to make use of the richness of human reasoning in its variety, then the theories dealing with the treatment of uncertainty, some quite new and other ones older, provide the required complement, and fill in the gap left in the field of knowledge representation. Nowadays, various theories are widely used: fuzzy sets, belief function, the convenient associations between probability and fuzzines~ etc --- We are more and more in need of a wide range of instruments and theories to build models that are more and more adapted to the most complex systems.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book is the compilation of papers presented at the International Symposium on in vivo Body Composition Studies, held at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 20 - 23, 1989. The purpose of this conference was to report on advances in techniques for the in vivo measurement of body composition and to present recent data on normal body composition and changes during disease. This conference was the most recent of several meetings on body composition studies, and follows two successful such meetings, one at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1986, and at Edinburgh in 1988. The large number of excellent research papers and posters presented at these conferences demonstrates the rapid growth of the field and the broad interest in the subject of in vivo body composition studies. The proceedings of the Brookhaven meeting 'In Vivo Body Composition Studies', is published by The Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, London. Both the Brookhaven and the current Toronto meeting emphasized the clinical applications, together with the techniques employed. The Edinburgh meeting placed more emphasis on the methodological problems and design of instrumentation. Because of the number of papers presented at the meeting it was necessary to ask the authors from the same institution to combine their presentations into a single paper where appropriate. The editors wish to thank the authors for their cooperation and for graciously accepting the minor revisions made to each manuscript.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Advances in seismology and extensions of its application have made it increasingly necessary to perform high-sensitivity observationsonartificial earth tremors (explosions) or on natural ones. This implies in particular to investigating the seismic conditions in large industrial centres. There are many major cities with a million inhabitants or more in seismically-active regions. In the USSR, this applies to the capitals of the Union Republics such as Alma Ata, Frunze, Tashkent, Dushanbe, and Ashkhabad, as well as to dozens of local entres and cities with extensive industrial development. Seismic classification and earthquake forecasting have to be considered in relation to the extension or building of cities in such regions, and this would be impossible without detailed investigation of the seismicity, which involves upgrading the instru mental observation network. The demand for detailed information on the seismicity increases with every extension to the construction. A successful solution here can be implemented only by taking account of some specific factors, the main one being the high level of seismic noise due to the activities in large centres, which restricts the sensitivity of the apparatus and makes it impossible to record weak local earth tremors, which are of particular interest in periods of relative seismic calm. Stations at sufficiently great distances from the city do not sense the city noise, but they also fail to record weak local earth tremors. Also, the accuracy ofobservation falls for those tremors that can be recorded because of the great distances between stations.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In organizing the present volume, we had two intentions. The first was to present the best current understanding of the mechanisms of calcium mobilization during excitation contraction coupling of smooth muscle at a level suited to the needs of professionals interested in smooth muscle pharmacology and pathophysiology, while remaining appreciable by graduate and medical students. The second intention was to provide in sight into present-day controversies, as well as the latest ad vances achieved by researchers in this field. Thus, we have thor oughly discussed both the techniques and the concepts derived from their application. An attempt has also been made here to answer a number of profoundly important questions: What are the mechanisms and agents responsible for the control of contractility What are the accompanying changes in the state of intracellular calcium ions and the mechanisms responsible for them How does the regula tion of contractility occur directly at the level of the actomyosin activity What role do gap junctions play in cell-to-cell coupling What are the roles of cholinergic, adrenergic, peptidergic, and nonadrenergic noncholinergic interactions in calcium mobiliza tion in smooth muscle What changes occur in hypertension The impact of these recent techniques on future research is also reflected upon.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis contains an intensely prac tical account of all the new methodology available to scientists carrying out protein and peptide sequencing studies. Many of the striking advances in fields as diverse as immunology, cell motility, and neurochemistry have in fact been fueled by our ever more powerful ability to determine the sequences and structures of key proteins and peptides. It is our hope that the rich array of tech niques and methods for sequencing proteins discussed in this volume-methods that generate much of the information crucial to progress in modern biology-will now become accessible to all who can benefit from them. The papers of the present volume constitute the Proceedings of the IVth International Conference on Methods in Protein Se quence Analysis, which was held at Brookhaven National Labo ratory, Upton, NY, September 21-25, 1981. It was the most recent in a series of biennial conferences, the previous one having been held in Heidelberg, GFR, in 1979. The series was originated by Richard Laursen, and initially dealt with one aspect of the field, solid-phase sequencing. The scope of the meeting was very broad and among the many aspects of protein sequencing discussed were: instrumentation, strategy, chemicals, mass spectrometry, cleavage of proteins and separation of peptides, and solid, liquid, manual, and even 'gas phase' sequencing.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This volume contains invited lectures and contributed papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Mathematical Modeling in Combustion and related topics, held in. Lyon (France), April 27 - 30, 1987. This conference was planned to fit in with the two-month visit of Professor G.S.S. Ludford to the Ecole Centrale de Lyon. He kindly agreed to chair the Scientific and Organizing Committee and actively helped to initiate the meeting. His death in December 1986 is an enormous loss to the scientific community in general, and in particular, to the people involved in the present enterprise. The subject of mathematical modeling in combustion is too large for a single conference, and the selection of topics re flects both areas of recent research activity and areas of in terest to Professor G.S.S. Ludford, to whose memory the Advanced Workshop and this present volume are dedicated. The meeting was divided into seven specialized sessions detonation theory, mathematical analysis, numerical treatment of combustion problems, flame theory, experimental and industrial aspects, complex chemistry, and turbulent combustion. It brought together researchers and engineers from University and Industry (see below the closing remarks of the workshop by Prof. N. Peters). The articles in this volume have been judged and accepted on their scientific quality, and language corrections may have been sacrificed in order to allow quick dissemination of knowledge to prevail.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The Milky Way Galaxy offers a unique opportunity to study the structure and contents of a major stellar system in three dimensions, at high spatial and spectral resolution, and to very large galactocentric distances. This potential can be realised only by statistical surveys of large areas of the sky, and by detailed study of specific regions with exceptional properties, such as the Galactic centre, and of specific classes of object, such as the globular clusters. The acquisition of such data from a variety of ground-based and satellite surveys has been a primary topic of Galactic research for some years. Several such surveys have been completed recently, and have led to a substantial modification of our understanding of Galactic structure and evolution. The importance of the ability of satellite observatories to survey and to study wavelengths which are inaccessible from the ground is evident in the wealth of data discussed and analysed in this volume which is derived from satellites, specifically COS-B, HEAD-I, HEAO-3, IRAS, PIONEER-lO, SAS-2, and TENMA. The cru cial role of ground-based observations to complement and comprehend the satellite data is also well evident. Similarly, the major ground-based studies whose results are reported here illustrate the necessity for carefully conceived and executed very large scale surveys of many types of object and many parts of parameter space before a coherent picture of the Galaxy will be available.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis of management of a particular malignancy The few general oncology textbooks are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good in depth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Unfortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes which aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up to date, easily available on a single library shelf or by a single per sonal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion. First, by dividing the oncology literature into specific subdivisions such as lung cancer, genitourinary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc. Second, by asking eminent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an an nual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appear ing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Over the last decade we have witnessed a rapid change in our understanding of the late stages of stellar evolution. A major stimulus to this has been the synthesis of observational data from different wavebands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The advent of infrared astronomy has led to the discovery of many luminous. late-type stars obscured by their circumstellar dust envelope. Sources discovered in the IRC and AFGL infrared sky surveys were followed up by radio observa tions, leading to the widespread use of the OH and CO molecules as probes of the circumstellar envelopes. Advances in the technique of aperture synthesis have made possible observations with unprecedent resolving power, both in spectral-line and continuum. The success of the recent IRAS sky survey, with the detection of over 250,000 sources, brings the promise of even more exciting years ahead. This area of astronomical research is also blessed with the close collaboration between theorists and observers. New ideas are constantly being quantitatively tested by new data. Theoretical predictions are eagerly used as guides for further observations. This conference was initiated with the following objective: bring together workers in optical, infrared, radio and theoretical astronomy and let them confront each other. Based on the post-conference res ponses we received, many of the participants have indeed found this Workshop a stimulating experience. The Workshop on the Late Stages of Stellar Evolution was held from 2-5 June 1986 in Calgary, Canada.…