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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Volume 8 of Advances in Nutritional Research deals with several topics of prime current interest in nutritional research, including the role of nutrition in hypertension, in the infections associated with protein-energy malnu trition, and in pathological conditions associated with the generation of oxygen radicals in the tissues, as well as with topics of ongoing interest. Recent research indicates that reduction of obesity, of alcohol intake, and of sodium intake by salt-sensitive individuals, are the most effective non pharmacological means of reducing high blood pressure. A new approach to therapy for infections caused by protein-energy malnutrition, based on restoration of immunocompetence by administration of thyroid and anti glucocorticoid hormones, is presented. Current research into the role of nutrition in modulating tissue damage caused by oxygen radicals generated in various pathologies is reviewed. Two chapters deal with perinatal nutrition, one with the transfer of nutrients across the placenta and the other with the energy requirements of term and preterm infants. Another dicusses methods of assessing the nutritional status of hospitalized patients. vii Contents Chapter 1. The Transfer of Nutrients across the Perfused Human Placenta . . Joseph Dands 1. Introduction. 1 2. Comments on Comparative Placentology . . . . . . . . . . .- . . 1 . 3. The Perfusion Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . 4. Review of Transfer Experiments . 3 4.1. Transfer of Glutamic Acid . 3 4.2. Transfer of Riboflavin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . . 6 . . . 5. Potentials and Umltations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . .References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . .

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Computing systems researchers confront two serious problems. (1) The increasingly monolithic, or pseudo-monolithic, integration of complex com puting functions and systems imposes an environment which integrates ad vanced principles and techniques from a broad variety of fields. Researchers not only must confront the increased complexity of topics in their specialty field but also must develop a deeper general understanding of a broadening number of fields. (2) There has been a proliferation of journals, books, workshops and conferences through which research results are reported. Remaining familiar with recent advances in our specific fields is a major challenge. Casually browsing through journals and conference proceedings to remain aware of developments in areas outside our specialization has become an even greater challenge. Frontiers of Computing Systems Research has been established to ad dress these two issues. With the assistance of an advisory board of experts from a wide variety of specialized areas, we hope to provide roughly annual volumes of invited chapters on a broad range of topics and designed for an interdisciplinary research audience. No single volume can cover all the rel evant topics and no single article can convey the full set of directions being pursued within a given topic. For this reason, a chapter listing technical reports available from universities is also included. Often, such unpub lished reports are designed for a general research audience and provide a good, informal look at trends in specialized research topics.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The relationship between thought, language, and the world is an intimate one. When we have an idea or thought about the world and we wish to express that idea or thought to others we utter a sentence or make a statement. If the statement correctly describes the world then it is true. Moreover, it seems as though our ability to have more complex or sophisticated thoughts about the world increases as the complexity of our language or our ability to use the language increases. Understanding the complex relationship between language, thought, and the world is one of the central aims of philosophy. This book is an attempt to increase our understanding of this complex relationship by focusing on certain philosophical issues that arise from our ability to refer to objects in the world though the use of language. In particular, it is an attempt to solve the puzzles of reference and belief that Frege and Russell presented within the context of a theory of direct reference for proper names.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Once again the gastroenterologists of northwestern Canada have come out with a series of essays advancing important modem concepts. As indefatigable as ever, they bring together the latest in clinical-pathophysiological considera- tions for the clinician. The topics run the gamut from the lovely liver to HIV infection, from the pathophysiology of bile flow to comments on antigens in colorectal cancer. It is always easy to publish a first volume, for enthusiasm is high and everyone is anxious to win a place. Bringing out a second volume, the carrying forward of a good idea, is so much harder. In many ways this second volume in the series marks the coming of age of Canadian gastroenterology, as 11 of the 21 contributors currently reside in Canada. Still, the contributions from the United Kingdom and the United States make this an Anglo-American festival. Reading the chapters will make you appreciate the care with which the contributors have garnered recent references to give up-to-date practical infor- mation for us all. I enjoyed all that I read. My congratulations to Drs. Shaffer and Thomson for a job well done. Howard M. Spiro, M.D. New Haven, Connecticut ix Preface This book is based on papers presented at the third symposium on Recent Ad- vances in Gastroenterology held by the Canadian Association of Gastroenter- ology. The proposed audience for this volume is the internist and the general surgeon, as well as those in the specialties of gastroenterology and hepatology.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - A great truth is a truth whose opposite. is also a great truth. Thomas Mann (Essay on Freud, 1937) This volume centers on pseudorabies (PR V), herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and fulfills three objectives. The chapters on the epidemiology and latency of HSV, and on the glycoproteins specified by HSV and CMV, set the stage for the discussions of the immunobiology and pathogenesis of human herpesvirus infections in Volume 4. The epidemiology of HSV is the basis of our understanding of the spread and survival of this virus in the human populations. Central to the epidemiology of HSV and its pathogenesis in humans is the ability of the virus to remain in a latent state for the life of its host. The viral membrane glycoproteins are among the most interesting virion proteins, primarily because of their critical role in the initiation of infection. Since they are the surface membrane proteins of the virion and appear on the surface of productively infected cells, they are also the obvious if not the exclusive targets of the immune response. The chapters on the transforming potential of HSV and CMV, and on the role of HSV in human cancer, deal with challenging problems requiring rather different experimental tools.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Carnivores have always fascinated us, even though they make up only 10% of all mammalian genera and only about 2 % of all mammalian biomass. In Greek mythology most of the gods adorned their robes and helmets with depictions of carnivores, and the great hero Hercules' most famous feat was killing the 'invulnerable' lion with his bare hands. Part of our fascination with carnivores stems from fright and intrigue, and sometimes even hatred because of our direct competition with them. Cases of 'man-eating' lions, bears, and wolves, as well as carnivores' reputation as killers of livestock and game, provoke communities and govermllents to adopt sweeping policies to exterminate them. Even President Theodore Roosevelt, proclaimer of a new wildlife protectionism, described the wolf as 'the beast of waste and desolation. ' The sheer presence and power of carnivores is daunt- ing: they can move quickly yet silently through forests, attaining rapid bursts of speed when necessary; their massive muscles are aligned to deliver powerful attacks, their large canines and strong jaws rip open carcasses, and their scis- sor-like carnassials slice meat. Partly because of our fear of these attributes, trophy hunting of carnivores has been, and to a certain extent still is, a sign of bravery and skill. Among some Alaskan Inuit, for example, a man is not eligible for marriage until he has killed a succession of animals of increasing size and dangerousness, culminating with the most menacing, the polar bear.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology contains timely review articles concerned with all aspects of chemical contaminants (including pesticides) in the total environment, including toxicological considerations and consequences. It attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of advances, philosophy, and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of residues of these and other foreign chemicals in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology publishes authoritative reviews on the occurrence, effects, and fate of pesticide residues and other environmental contaminants. It will keep you aware and in- formed of the latest significant issues by providing in-depth information from the areas of analytical chemistry and its methodology, agricultural microbiology, biochemistry, human and veterinary medicine, toxicology, and food technology.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Karl Brunner Monetary affairs have preoccupied observers over the ages. In the middle of the 14th century, the chaos in the French currency system after many rounds of currency debasement attracted comments expressing helpless confusion. Goethe's Mephistopheles convinced the imperial court to inflate with paper money 'for the benefit of the public' and to satisfy all the demands on the government's largesse. Our century is no exception. The massive technological improvement in creating money has contributed to hyperinflationary experiences never before recorded in history. These events occurred, however, in the political disarray following major wars. More important are the persistent pe ace time failures of our monetary institutions. A massive worldwide deflation, centered in the United States and Germany, imposed a tragic social and political fate on Western societies. Similarly, the sequence of a worldwide inflation followed by deflation observed over the past 15 years has fostered disruptive economic and political conditions. The monetary disarray experienced throughout history was crucially influenced by the prevailing monetary arrangements. These arrangements determine the level and movement of the nation's money stock over time. Under the circumstances, the political issue confronting us bears on the useful choice of monetary arrangements. This choice should involve institutions that prohibit both massive deflation and persistent inflation.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Georges Enderle Before presenting some introductory remarks on the topic of this volume I should like to outline briefly the context from which this selection of articles originates. (It seems to me necessary to emphasise these circumstances in order to make clearer the contours of what is said and what is not said and to understand it better. ) This context involves, flrstly, a general evaluation of the state of the business ethics debate today and, secondly, considerations of the question of what attitude and strategy should be chosen in order to promote business ethics most effectively. On the present state of affairs of the business ethics debate Today, it is extremely difflcult, if not impossible, to gain even a rough overview of the business ethics debate in the different countries of Europe and North America. Many activities take place in informal circles and on a local and regional level; linguistic and other barriers impede the spread of information about them and, often, they are not even labelled 'business ethics'. At the same time, so many other things sail under the flag of 'business ethics' that one sometimes wonders if it should not be replaced by another flag, for instance new methods of public-relations or better motivation of company's employees. Yet, in spite of these difflculties in deflning business ethics activities, one statement at least can be made with certainty.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - A small country builds a world-class telescope in its backyard and lives happily ever after (or at least for a quarter century). That in a nutshell is the story told in this collection of essays. The country of course is the Netherlands, and the telescope is the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Tele scope (WSRT), brainchild of Jan Oort. Living happily in this context is a continuing record of discovery and as such also a continuing basis for se curing observing time on facilities in other countries and operating at other frequencies. As our community celebrates the Silver Anniversary of the radio tele scope at Westerbork, it is fitting that we pause to take account of the scientific discoveries and insights it made possible. Initially the instrument represented the very significant step away from university-run, specialist facilities to a well-supported, common-user radio imager also having spec tral and polarization capabilities. It pioneered the mode of operation now common for satellite observatories, in which data is taken and calibrated by technicians and provided to researchers ready for analysis. It has been a major source of discovery in, among other areas, research on neutral hy drogen and studies of dark matter in galaxies.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Since its inception in 1976, the overall goal of the Ovarian Workshop has been to bring together biologists from various disciplines so that they may collectively achieve a better understanding of the latest developments and define important problems in ovarian physiology. The Ovarian Workshop, which was pioneered by Dr. A. Rees Midgley, has developed into a major biennial meeting for investigators in the ovarian field. Largely as a consequence of advances in technology, especially in mo lecular biology, progress in the area of gene expression and signal transduc tion has been rapid. The Eighth Ovarian Workshop focused on two major topics: (1) the expression of hormonally and nonhormonally controlled genes involved in the functional and morphological differentiation of the cells forming the ovary and (2) the signaling mechanisms by which endogenous and exogenous hormones and cytokines affect ovarian differentiation and steroidogenesis. The Eighth Ovarian Workshop, held on the campus of Maryville College in Maryville, Tennessee, July 12 to 14, 1990, was again generously funded and coordinated by Serono Symposia, USA. I would especially like to thank Dr. Lisa Kern of Serono for her expert help in organizing this meeting. The board of directors of the Eighth Ovarian Workshop consisted of Drs. Eli Adashi, JoAnne Fortune, Anne Hirshfield, Aaron Hsueh, Julia Lobotsky, Gordon Niswender, David W. Schomberg, Richard Stouffer, and Jerry Strauss. Their valuable advice and the important roles they played in the planning of the scientific program are gratefully acknowledged.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - A unique contribution to the literature on acidic deposition, this volume offers a collection of in-depth analysis of the key mechanisms governing forest response to acidic inputs. Among the mechanisms reviewed here are foliage leaching, aluminum mobilization, mineral weathering, soil organisms, and rhizosphere processes. Researchers and students in soil science, forest ecology, and environmental science, as well as policy makers and forest managers concerned with assessment of acidic deposition effects will value this concise monograph for its detailed examination of selected technical issues and its comprehensive reference sections.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Ever since the early 1960s, the medical ical records. Expert assistance in di issue might contain a review of an office agnosis and treatment selection will be world has awaited the promise of com practice management system-of in as close as the nearest telephone, which terest to the physician, nurse, and office puterization. Many of us were fasci will provide an immediate link to the nated by the efforts of the pioneers: practice manager. Next to it might be Homer Warner's computerized diag office computer. found a detailed article about a language nosis system, Octo Barnett's medical Since 1983, M,D. Computing has such as LISP and how it could be ap information system, Howard Bleich's explored and explained all of these as plied to medical problems, or a tutorial pects. Our magazine's major focus is on about real-time monitoring of a patient's automated acid/base consultant' and Warner Slack's history-taking program computer systems that serve the health physiological state, along with book re were foretastes of what was to come. provider in the home or office environ views and departments reporting on At first, however, physicians and hos ment. M. D, Computing has also ex pertinent computer news. pital personnel resisted the computer amined more general computer appli In several cases, a distinct theme because it was too slow, too fragile, too cations in medical care.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The 5th Pathogenic Neisseriae Conference was held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, on 15-18 September 1986. It followed San Francisco - USA (1978), Hemavan - Sweden (1980), Montreal - Canada (1982), Asilomar - USA (1984). These conferences will continue to be held in the foreseeing future. The reason for this is because studying pathogenic Neisseriae enables research workers to look at many aspects of bacterial infectious diseases. These aspects include: - Epidemiology and vaccination (section 1) - Genetic aspects of antigenic diversity (section 2) - Outer membrane proteins and IgA-protease (section 3) - Lipopolysaccharides, H8 antigen and peptidoglycan (section ~) - The application of all this knowledge to study pathogenesis (section 5) N. gonorrhoeae has become an important model organism to study mucosal bacterial infectious diseases. Basic knowledge about the bacterial surface, gene tics and physiology is linked to pathogenic mechanisms such as adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells, interaction with complement and phagocytic cells and mucosal immune mechanisms. This will continue to be an important research field in the near future. N. meningitidis has become an important model organism to study the epide miology of potentially epidemic bacterial diseases and against which new type of vaccines are being developed such as outer membrane protein vaccines. The above mentioned topics are covered by papers presented at The 5th Path ogenic Neisseriae Conference, 1986. I would like to thank Marijke van de Nadort without whom it would have been much harder or even impossible to organize such a meeting.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The first Taurine Symposium organized by Dr. Ryan Huxtable and the late Dr. Andre Barbeau was held in Tucson, Arizona, in 1975. Since that auspici ous event, nine international symposia on the role of taurine in biology have taken place. The locations for these meetings have been Tucson (two times), Rome, Philadelphia, Tokyo, Vancouver, Mexico City, Helsinki, and Florence. In 1977, due to the large number of scientists in Japan who were interested in the role of this unique amino acid in biological systems, we organized the Japanese Research Society on Sulfur Amino Acids with the encouragement and financial assistance of the Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Tokyo). Annual meetings have been held, and the membership has expanded from 78 to 414 in 1987; the number of presentations has increased during this time span from 29 to 74. The symposium in Tokyo in 1982, 'Sulfur Amino Acids, Biochemical and Clinical Aspects' [1], was held to celebrate the 5th Annual Meeting of our Society. I would like to emphasize that in Japan we have an active Research Society especially directed to the study of sulfur amino acids. We have published our own semi-annual journal entitled Sulfur Amino Acids. Our society is an inter disciplinary research society since taurine is a highly diversified compound that interconnects physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, nutrition, and medicine. One exciting fringe benefit of taurine research and the society has been the fostering of contacts with distinguished scientists from many varied medical fields.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Pathobiology.- Oncogene Activation by Chromosomal Translocations.- Molecular Analysis of the Human Interleukin-2 Receptor.- DNA Rearrangements as Unique Molecular Markers of Clonality, Cellular Lineage, Differentiation, and Translocation.- Animal Models of Lymphoid Cell Neoplasia.- A New Look at the Relationship of the Immune System to Neoplasia.- Epidemiology.- The Epidemiology of Lymphomas.- Clinico-Epidemiological Features of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) in Japan: Relations of HTLV-I/ATLV Infection to ATLL Manifestation.- Diagnosis.- Immunohistologic Techniques: Their Impact in Tumor Diagnosis with Particular Reference to Lymphomas.- Serologic Approaches to Tumor Diagnosis.- Use of Radio-Labeled Antibodies in Diagnosis and Staging of Solid Tumors.- Flow Cytometry in Lymphoma/Leukemia Diagnosis.- Clinical Aspects.- Changing Concepts in Therapy of the Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas.- Biological Approaches to the Therapy of Lymphoproliferative Diseases.- A Comparison of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Monkey and Man.- Human T-Lymphotropic Retrovirus (HTLV-III)-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Homosexual Men.- Index of Subjects.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book, and the research it describes, resulted from a simple observation we made sometime in 1986. Put simply, we noticed that many VLSI design tools looked 'alike'. That is, at least at the overall software architecture level, the algorithms and data structures required to solve problem X looked much like those required to solve problem X'. Unfortunately, this resemblance is often of little help in actually writing the software for problem X' given the software for problem X. In the VLSI CAD world, technology changes rapidly enough that design software must continually strive to keep up. And of course, VLSI design software, and engineering design software in general, is often exquisitely sensitive to some aspects of the domain (technology) in which it operates. Modest changes in functionality have an unfortunate tendency to require substantial (and time-consuming) internal software modifications. Now, observing that large engineering software systems are technology dependent is not particularly clever. However, we believe that our approach to xiv Preface dealing with this problem took an interesting new direction. We chose to investigate the extent to which automatic programming ideas cold be used to synthesize such software systems from high-level specifications. This book is one of the results of that effort.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis or management of particular malignancy The few general oncology textbooks are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good in-depth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Unfortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes which aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up to date, easily available on a single library shelf or by a single personal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion. First, by dividing the oncology literature into specific subdividions such as lung cancer, genitouri nary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc. Second, by asking eminent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This monograph contains 20 selected papers presented at the Symposium on Subcellular Basis of Contractile Failure which was held in Ottawa during May 11-13, 1989 and is designed for the benefit ofthose who were unable to attend this event. It is now increasingly becoming clear that an excessive amount of calcium is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of heart diseases. Accordingly, the investigations concerning the role of calcium chan nels and their regulatory mechanisms in heart function as well as of the intra cellular calcium overload in cardiac dysfunction are presented here. Since sodium is also considered to influence the cardiac contractile force by chang 2 ing the intracellular concentration of calcium through the Na +-Ca+ exchange 2 mechanism in the cell membrane, the role of Na +-Ca+ exchange in heart func tion as well as pathology of contractile failure is discussed. In view of the new ly discovered implications of the oxygen free radicals in cellular injury, papers concerning the role of these radicals in heart disease are included in this book. For the purpose of clarity, different chapters have been organized under three main headings: (I) Role of cations in heart function, (II) Cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathies, and (III) Ischemic heart disease and cardiac failure.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In recent years there has been a growing interest in and concern for the development of a sound spatial statistical body of theory. This work has been undertaken by geographers, statisticians, regional scientists, econometricians, and others (e. g. , sociologists). It has led to the publication of a number of books, including Cliff and Ord's Spatial Processes (1981), Bartlett's The Statistical Analysis of Spatial Pattern (1975), Ripley's Spatial Statistics (1981), Paelinck and Klaassen's Spatial Economet~ics (1979), Ahuja and Schachter's Pattern Models (1983), and Upton and Fingleton's Spatial Data Analysis by Example (1985). The first of these books presents a useful introduction to the topic of spatial autocorrelation, focusing on autocorrelation indices and their sampling distributions. The second of these books is quite brief, but nevertheless furnishes an eloquent introduction to the rela tionship between spatial autoregressive and two-dimensional spectral models. Ripley's book virtually ignores autoregressive and trend surface modelling, and focuses almost solely on point pattern analysis. Paelinck and Klaassen's book closely follows an econometric textbook format, and as a result overlooks much of the important material necessary for successful spatial data analy sis. It almost exclusively addresses distance and gravity models, with some treatment of autoregressive modelling. Pattern Models supplements Cliff and Ord's book, which in combination provide a good introduction to spatial data analysis. Its basic limitation is a preoccupation with the geometry of planar patterns, and hence is very narrow in scope.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Our understanding of the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction has grown enormously in recent years. This has led to an increasingly aggressive approach to management, designed to blunt the extent of infarction by salvaging acutely ischemic myocardium. Alternatives now include throm bolysis, PTCA with and without prior thrombolysis, and emergency bypass surgery, as well as the more aggressive use of a variety of drugs. This book consists of a series of chapters by experienced cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons that present today's state of the art in managing acute myocardial infarction. It is written with the purpose of presenting practical approaches of value to the clinician related to the more complex problems faced in dealing with patients undergoing myocardial infarction. xi EARLY INTERVENTIONS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION 1. MANAGEMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS IN THE CORONARY CARE UNIT NORA GOLDSCHLAGER, RODERICK WOODS, AND NEAL BENOWITZ With the advent of coronary care units, mortality from cardiac arrhythmias occurring during acute myocardial infarction has been unquestionably and dramatically reduced. In addition, continuous electrocardiographic monitoring has resulted in the recognition of specific arrhythmias related to acute ischemic heart disease and thus to the development of appropriate strategies for their management. This chapter will review certain specific aspects of those bradyarrhythmias and atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias that are seen most commonly in acute myocardial infarction. Pharmacologic therapy, including the use of some of the newer antiarrhythmic agents, will be discussed, as will pacemaker ther apy of both bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Butterflyfishes of the family Chaetodontidae are conspicuous members of almost all tropical reefs. These colorful fishes have attracted a great deal of attention from both the scientific community and especially the aquarium fish industry. At first one is tempted to say that butterflyfishes are abundant worldwide, but the evidence does not support this statement. The biomass of chaetodontids on reefs may range from 0.02-0.80%, and in terms of numbers they comprise only 0.04-0.61 % of the individuals on the reef. Yet in spite of these relatively small numbers they have been extensively studied. A quick census shows some 170 articles on or about butterfly fishes, with 78% of them being published since the 1970's. Along with the cichlids and damselfishes they might be one of the most studied and well published family of tropical fishes. Why then have chaetodontids attracted so much attention The butterflyfishes are mostly shallow water inhabitants that are approachable and easily recognizable, making their study very feasible. Their bright coloration has provoked many hypotheses but has posed more questions about coloration than it has provided answers. And despite their apparent overall morphological similarity, their highly structured and varied social systems have made them an ideal model for such studies. The reasons for choosing these organisms are indeed as diverse as the studies themselves.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - On a mountainside in sunny Tuscany, in October 1989, 96 people from 23 countries on five continents gathered to learn and teach about the problems of managing contemporary science. The diversity of economic and political systems represented in the group was matched by our occupations, which stretched from science policy practitioners, through research scientists and engineers, through academic observers of science and science policy. It was this diversity, along with the opportunities for infonnal discussion provided by long meals and remote location, that made the conference a special learning experience. Except at lecture time, it was impossible to distinguish the 'students' at this event from the 'teachers,' and even the most senior members of the teaching staff went away with a sense that they had learned more from this group than from many a standard conference on science policy they had attended. The flavor of the conference experience cannot be captured adequately in a proceedings volume, and so we have not tried to create a historical record in this book. Instead, we have attempted to illustrate the core problems the panicipants at the conference shared, discussed, and debated, using both lectures delivered by the fonnal teaching staff and summaries of panel discussions, which extended to other panicipants and therefore increased the range of experiences reponed.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The International Symposium on Frontiers in Microbiology has been de dicated to Prof. P. De Somer, whom I succeeded shortly after his death on 17 June 1985 as Rector of this now more than 560-year old University. When Prof. De Somer became the head of the University he started to remodel it, giving our old Alma Mater a more transparent administrative structure, strengthening its scientific and cultural autonomy, and establishing close links with the most prestigious national and foreign institutions. This made De Somer to one of the greatest, if not the greatest, of rectors in the history of Belgian Universities. He was a great leader, a perfect organizer, a clever negotiator, and a brilliant orator. In his speeches one immediately sensed his intuitive cognition and witty evaluation of the values of life. He knew perfectly well how to persuade the unwilling and to disenchant the illusionist. Sometimes a visionary himself, he would not pursue his ideas unless there was a chance of success. As innovative Prof. P. De Somer was in providing to this University a new face, or should I say facelifting, as international is his reputation as the founder, and, since its inception, only director, of the Rega Institute. Built now more than 30 years ago, the Rega Institute has re mained one of the world's leading centers in microbiological research.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The peptide hormones are small proteins that regulate cellular metabolism through their specific interactions with tissues of the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems, as well as in embry onic development. During the past ten years, refinements in the techniques of recombinant DNA technology have resulted in the cloning of genes encoding approximately 50 different hormonal and regulatory peptides, including those in which the peptides themselves and the mRNAs encoding the peptides are present in only trace amounts in the tissues of origin. In addition to provid ing the coding sequences of recognized hormonal and regulatory peptides, gene sequencing has uncovered new bioactive peptides encoded in the precursor pro hormones that are then liberated along with the hormonal peptides during cellular cleavages of the precursors. The encoding of multiple peptides in a single mono cistronic mRNA appears to be a genetic mechanism for the gener ation of biologic diversification without requiring amplification of gene sequences. Two of the objectives in the assembly of this book are to pre sent, in one volume, the known primary structures of the genes encoding several of the polypeptide hormones and related regulatory peptides, and to provide an account of the various ap proaches that have been used to identify and select the cloned genes encoding these polypeptides. The contents of the two in troductory chapters are intended to provide the reader with a brief background of the approaches to gene cloning and the struc ture and expression of hormone-encoding genes.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Much has been said and written about the abilities of modern instrumentation to help solve problems of combustion in engines. In the main, however, the design and fabr ication of combustion chambers continues to be based on extrapolation of exper ience gained from use and rig tests, with little input from advanced techniques such as those based on optical diagnotics. At the same time, it has become increasingly difficult to design better combustion chambers without knowledge of the relevant flow processes. Thus, the future must involve improved understanding which, in turn, will require detailed measurements of velocity, temperature and concentration. The need to narrow the gap between current industrial practice and the acquisition and implementation of improved techniques motivated the organization of the Advanced Study Institute upon which this volume is based. This Institute on Instrumentation for Combustion and Flow in Engines was arranged to display the needs of industry and the possibilities made available by modern instrumentation and, at the same time, to make clear the relative advantages of optical and probe techniques. Held at Vimeiro during the period from 13 to 26 September, 1987, the Institute was attended by 120 participants and 16 invited lecturers.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Cell signalling lies at the heart of many biological processes and currently is the focus of intense research interest. In multicellular organisms, it is central to how different types of cell communicate with each other and how they detect and respond to extracellular signals. Intercellular communication is vital to single-celled organisms as well, allowing them to respond to environmental cues and signals. To date, much of the understanding of signalling mechanisms has come from research on specific cell types (eg mouse lymphocyte and cardiomyocyte) or on organisms in which communication systems such as nervous and endocrine systems are well established. This volume therefore aims to 'fill the gap' by concentrating on 'simple organisms' where the elements of those signalling systems first evolved. Many of the groups covered contain important pathogens or parasites, and the potential for manipulating signalling pathways for therapeutic intervention will be highlighted.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book is about the interplay of theory and experimentation on group decision making in economics. The theories that the book subjects to experimental testing mostly come from the theory of games. The decisions investigated in the book mostly concern economic interaction like strict competition. two-person bargaining. and coalition formation. The underlying philosophy of the articles collected in this book is consistent with the opinion of a growing number of economists and psychologists that economic issues cannot be understood fully just by thinking about them. Rather. the interplay between theory and experimentation is critical for the development of economics as an observational science (Smith. 1989). Reports of laboratory experiments in decision making and economics date back more than thirty years (e.g .- Allais. 1953; Davidson. Suppes. and Siegel. 1957; Flood. 1958; Friedman. 1%3; Kalisch. Milnor. Nash. and Nering. 1954; Lieberman. 1%0; Mosteller and Nogee. 1951; Rapoport. Chammah. Dwyer. and Gyr. I %2; Siegel and Fouraker. I %0; Stone. 1958). However. only in the last ten or fifteen years has laboratory experimentation in economics started its steady transformation from an occasional curiosity into a regular means for investigating various economic phenomena and examining the role of economic institutions. Groups of researchers in the USA and abroad have used experimental methods with increasing sophistication to attack economic problems that arise in individual decision making under risk. two-person bargaining.