springer netherlands apr 1980 (15 risultati)

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Identity has for long been an important concept in philosophy and logic. Plato in his Sophist puts same among those fonns which 'run through' all others. The scholastics inherited the idea (and the tenninology), classifying same as one of the 'transcendentals', i.e. as running through all the categories. The work of Locke and l.eibniz made the concept a problematic one. But it is rather recently, i.e. since the importance of Frege has been generally recognized, that there has been a keen interest in the notion, fonnulated by him, of a criterion of identity. This, at first sight harmless as well as useful, has proved to be like a charge of dynamite. The seed had indeed been sown long ago, by Euclid. In Book V of his Elements he first gives a useless defmition of a ratio: 'A ratio is a sort of relation between two magnitudes in respect of muchness'. But then, in definition 5 he answers, not the question 'What is a ratio ' but rather ''What is it for magnitudes to be in the same ratio ' and this is the definition that does the work. 194 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In the wake of the publication of Forrester's World Dynamics and Meadow's The Limits to Growth-books which in The Netherlands may have received ex cessive attention from the public at large-the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) established a commission under the chair manship of the late Professor R. Timman. The commission received the task of trying to find a sound philosophical basis for world modelling and to stimulate the building of models that incorporated those aspects of society which are usu ally left out of mathematical models because of technical difficulties. The study that is discussed in this text was started under the auspices of the TNO commis sion. Timman died early in 1975. The commission then came under the chair manship of Professor P. de Wolff. TNO generously provided the means to acquire the computer time necessary to continue our study. We also wish to express our gratitude to the Statistical Office of the European Communities (SOEC) for their willingness to put the necessary data at our dis posal in a form suitable for computer processing. Mr. H. Krijnse Locker's expert knowledge in the field of input-output statistics has especially been of great sup port to us. We are much indebted to Professor A. P. J. Abrahamse for his interest in our work and for all the valuable comments and corrections we received from him. v vi PREFACE We are grateful to Mr. P. van Batenburg, Mr. F. 194 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It would have been nice to have been able to write this book with the style of Mailer, the wit of Shaw, the breadth of Myrdal and the zeal of Nader. It would also have been miraculous. Rest assured there are no miracles here. On the contrary, the work in your hands undoubtedly bears all the marks of imperfect human design. It's too long for one book, but probably too short for the story to be told. It's not the sort of book one can hope to fmish, even in five volumes. There is always one more table one might squeeze in, one more column or row, an illustrative chart or figure, another important refer ence to check, something dangling here or there that nags one to fiddle with it, wrap it up, tie it down, and so on. All one can do, I think, is put up with the nagging and press on. I can't imagine anyone making so many factual claims and evaluative judgments, and putting together so many numbers in so many different areas without making dozens of mistakes. I can't imagine anyone working with national statistics and not having plenty of mistakes made for him. As I look back on it now, it's hard to imagine anyone being naive enough (bold enough has a better ring to it) to take on the task of writing a book like this in the first place. Of course, I had Myrdal's great An American Dilemma to encourage me. 292 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The study of the evolution of an urban system raises a number of practical questions, as to the operational definition of the components of the system as well as to the incorporation of the factor time in the analysis. In this chapter the fo cuss is on the urban centres, the nodes of the urban system. One of the first pro blems to be solved now is the definition of such a node. It has been argued above that population size can be used as an approximation of the complexity of the spatial economic structure of a region. The acceptation of this notion makes it possible to study the urban system as a population system. The analysis of the population system over the study period will be pursued from this perspective. The study period, 1840-1970, covers completely the industrialization and urbanization phase which occurred during the industrial revolution. Over this period the spatial organizational structure of society evolved from a rural-commercial to wards a modern urban-industrial state. One of the major events in this period of change is the spatial redistribution of the population and the population growth. This process will be examined below at three levels of aggregation: (I) the popu lation distribution as one frequency distribution, (2) the population distribution dis aggregated into a n~ber of size classes, and (3) the individual cities which make up the population distribution. 252 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Richard Taylor was born in Charlotte, Michigan on 5 November 1919. He received his A. B. from the University of illinois in 1941, his M. A. from Oberlin College in 1947, and his Ph. D. from Brown University in 1951. He has been William H. P. Faunce Professor of Philosophy at Brown University, Professor of Philosophy (Graduate Faculties) at Columbia University, and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Rochester. He is the author of about fifty articles and of five philosophical books. This volume consists of essays presented to Richard Taylor on the occa sion of his sixtieth birthday. Some of the contributors have been Taylor'S students; some have been his colleagues; and all have been, and continue to be, his admirers. I have made several attempts to articulate what it is I (I would not presume to speak for anyone else) admire about Richard Taylor: (1) There is a particular 'flavor' to Taylor's philosophical writing and con versation that is wholly delightful. Like any other flavor, it can be tasted and enjoyed and remembered but never adequately described. (If there should be someone who has picked up this book who does not know what I mean, I recommend that he read the chapter on 'God' in Taylor's Metaphysics. ) (2) Taylor is a masterful dialectician. 330 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Entretiens of the Institut International de Philosophie for 1978 were held in connection with the World Congress of Philosophy in Dusseldorf, from August 27 to September 1. The theme of the Entretiens was Logic and Philosophy (Logique et philosophie). The undersigned, then President of LI.P., was responsible for the planning of the programme. The programme was designed to consist of four sections with the headings Classical and Intuitionist Logic, Modal Logic and its Applications, Inductive Logic and its Applications, and Logic and Epistemology. The aim was also to convey to philosophers who are not experts in logic an informative and representative impression of some of the main sectors of the vast and rapidly expanding field of philosophical logic. At the same time it was thought that this impression should not be conveyed in the form of a series of survey papers but through presentations and discussions of specific topics falling under the main headings men tioned above. For each section a rapporteur was nominated to read a paper and an interlocuteur to comment on it. The programme chairman is grateful that he was able to engage a representative selection of front rank philosophi cal logicians to perform the various tasks. The papers and the comments are printed in this volume in the order in which they appeared in the Programme of the Entretiens. 108 pp. Englisch, Französisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is a manuscript that was virtually complete when James W. Cornman died. Most of the chapters were in final form, and all but the last had been revised by the author. The last chapter was in handwritten form, and the concluding remarks were not finished. Swain took charge of the proofreading and John L. Thomas compiled the indices with the assistance of Lehrer. It is our opinion that this manuscript, like the other books Cornman published, is one of exceptional scholarly and philo sophical importance. As do all of his philosophical publications, this work reflects Cornman's great love for philosophy and his commitment to the search for truth. Every serious student and author of epistemology will benefit from and admire the thorough scholarship and rigorous argumentation they will find herein. It has been our privilege to partici pate in the preparation of the manuscript for the philosophical public. KEITH LEHRER MARSHALL SWAIN IX INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO EPISTEMOLOGICAL SKEPTICISM Many philosophers try to refute skepticism, but few try to give a precise characterization of the thesis they attack. My first aim, consequently, is to characterize skepticism, or, more precisely, several species of skepticism. Then I shall choose those species I wish to consider and justify my choice. To begin, let me distinguish what I shall call 'epistemological skepticism' from the thesis I shall call 'ontological nihilism' and from what is believed by someone whom I shall call an 'ontological skeptic'. 376 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Alex Cowie As the twentieth century draws to a close, one of our greatest problems is the availability of energy. One way to study the energy problem is to resolve it into four areas; energy demand, energy sources, transportation of energy from sources to demand centers, and the optimal allocation of energy forms to demands. Each of these areas is extremely complex by itself. When efforts are made to tie them together, for example, to produce a National Policy, the complexities are compounded. Another way to study the energy problem, because of its political and so cial consequences, is to resolve it into geographical areas. Individual prov inces of Canada or states of the United States will have their concerns about energy within their geographical boundaries. As producer, consumer, or both, each wants to ensure an energy development program which will work to the maximum benefit of its citizens. Similarly, countries endeavor to pro tect their citizens and undertake energy policies that will assure either a con tinuation of the existing quality of life or - particularly in the case of 'Third World' countries - a marked improvement in quality of life. These competing and conflicting goals call for a study which encompasses the whole world. Again, complexity is piled upon complexity. If the prob lem is not yet sufficiently complex, there is an equally complex question of the effect of energy production and use on the ecology. 420 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In tbis splendid collection of the articles and addresses of P. L. Kapitza, the author remarks on the insight of the 18th century Ukrainian philosopher Skovoroda who wrote: 'We must be grateful to God that He created the world in such a way that everytbing simple is true, and everything compli cated is untrue. ' At another place, Kapitza meditates on the roles played by instinct, imagination, audacity, experiment, and hard work in the develop ment of science, and for a moment seems to despair at understanding the dogged arguments of great scientists: 'Einstein loved to refer to God when there was no more sensible argument!' With Academician Kapitza, there are reasoned arguments, plausible alter natives, humor and humane discipline, energy and patience, a skill for the practical, and transcendent clarity about what is at issue in theoretical practice as in engineering necessities. Kapitza has been physicist, engineer, research manager, teacher, humanist, and tbis book demonstrates that he is a wise interpreter of historical, philosophical, and social realities. He is also, in C. P. Snow's words, strong, brave, and good (Variety of Men, N. Y. 1966, p. 19). In this preface, we shall point to themes from Kapitza's interpretations of science and life. On scientific work. Good work is never done with someone else's hands. The separation of theory from experience, from experimental work, and from practice, above all harms theory itself. 464 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In tbis splendid collection of the articles and addresses of P. L. Kapitza, the author remarks on the insight of the 18th century Ukrainian philosopher Skovoroda who wrote: 'We must be grateful to God that He created the world in such a way that everytbing simple is true, and everything compli cated is untrue. ' At another place, Kapitza meditates on the roles played by instinct, imagination, audacity, experiment, and hard work in the develop ment of science, and for a moment seems to despair at understanding the dogged arguments of great scientists: 'Einstein loved to refer to God when there was no more sensible argument!' With Academician Kapitza, there are reasoned arguments, plausible alter natives, humor and humane discipline, energy and patience, a skill for the practical, and transcendent clarity about what is at issue in theoretical practice as in engineering necessities. Kapitza has been physicist, engineer, research manager, teacher, humanist, and tbis book demonstrates that he is a wise interpreter of historical, philosophical, and social realities. He is also, in C. P. Snow's words, strong, brave, and good (Variety of Men, N. Y. 1966, p. 19). In this preface, we shall point to themes from Kapitza's interpretations of science and life. On scientific work. Good work is never done with someone else's hands. The separation of theory from experience, from experimental work, and from practice, above all harms theory itself. 464 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This is a bold, brilliant, provocative and puzzling work. It demands a radical shift in standpoint, an almost paradoxical posture in which living systems are described in terms of what lies outside the domain of descriptions. Professor Humberto Maturana, with his colleague Francisco Varela, have undertaken the construction of a systematic theoretical biology which attempts to define living systems not as they are objects of observation and description, nor even as in teracting systems, but as self-contained unities whose only reference is to them selves. Thus, the standpoint of description of such unities from the 'outside', i. e. , by an observer, already seems to violate the fundamental requirement which Maturana and Varela posit for the characterization of such system- namely, that they are autonomous, self-referring and self-constructing closed systems - in short, autopoietic systems in their terms. Yet, on the basis of such a conceptual method, and such a theory of living systems, Maturana goes on to define cognition as a biological phenomenon; as, in effect, the very nature of all living systems. And on this basis, to generate the very domains of interac tion among such systems which constitute language, description and thinking. 180 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Proceedings of the International Conference, held in Dublin, Ireland, 9-11 October 1979 700 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -InhaltsangabeNr. 1. Phantasie und bildbewusstsein (Drittes Hauptstück der Vorlesungen aus dem Wintersemester 1904/05 über 'Hauptstücke aus der Phänomenologie und Theorie der Erkenntnis').- Nr. 2. Von der theorie der repräsentation bei phantasie und erinnerung zur einführung der lehre von der reproduktion bzw. doppelten vergegenwärtigung (Texte von etwa 1904 bis etwa 1909, evtl. 1912).- Nr. 3. Phantasie und vergegenwärtigung (erinnerung). frage nach dem verhältnis von apprehension und glaubensqualität (Abschrift, wohl 1905/06, mit Ergänzung wohl aus 1909).- Nr. 4. Glaube als impression, interpretation der gegensätze zwischen wahrnehmung und phantasie, der verhältnisse zwischen erinnerung und phantasie, der illusion, bild vorstellung, leervorstellung (11. Oktober 1908).- Nr. 5. Erinnerung und iterationen der erinnerung. modale charaktere und apparenzen (wohl 1909).- Nr. 6. Erinnerung und phantasie, glaubensmodifikation grundverschieden von modifikation der impression in reproduktion. aporieni was denn erinnerung für eine modifikation erfahre durch übergang in die 'blosse phantasie' (wohl erste Hälfte 1909).- Nr. 7. Wahrnehmung, erinnerung, phantasie und die zeitlichen zusammenhangsintentionen (wohl 1909).- Nr. 8. Phantasie als 'durch und durch modifikation'zur revision des inhalts-auffassungsschemas (Abschrift und Verbesserung wohl Sommer oder Anfang Herbst 1909).- Nr. 9. Immanente und innere phantasie (in doppeltem sinne). phantasie und wahrnehmung. wahrnehmung als vorstellung, phantasie als modifikation von vorstellung (September 1909).- Nr. 10. Die glaubensmodifikationen: glaube (gewissheit), neigung, zweifel etc. in der sphäre der schlichten intuition. übertragung in der imaginativen modifikation auf die phantasie (wohl Herbst 1909).- Nr. 11. Erinnerung als'wieder'bewusstsein gegenüber wahrnehmung und purer phantasie (wohl 1909 oder Anfang 1910).- Nr. 12. 'Empfindung', erinnerung, erwartung und phantasie als modi des zeitbewusstseins. bewusstsein als zusammenhang (wohl Anfang 1910).- Nr. 13. Wahrnehmungsreihe, erinnerungsmodifikation, phantasiemodifikation. gegenwärtigung - vergegenwärtigung, aktualität und in ak tualität als sich kreuzende unterschiede. zwei fundamental verschiedene begriffe von phantasie 1) inaktualität 2) vergegenwärtigung (teils Abschrift, wohl Februar 1910; teils 15. Februar 1910).- Nr. 14. Lebendigkeit und angemessenheit in der vergegenwärtigung; leervergegenwärtigung. inneres bewusstsein, innere reflexion. prägnanter begriff der reproduktion (wohl 1911 oder Anfang 1912).- Nr. 15. Modi der reproduktion und phantasie, bildbewusstsein (auch in Beziehung auf die Stellungnahmen) (März-April 1912).- Nr. 16. Reproduktion und bildbewusstsein. trennung von bildobjektauffassung und bewusstsein eines perzeptiven scheines. verallgemeine-rung des begriffs der phantasie (vergegenwärtigung): 1) reproduktive 2) perzeptive, d. h. vergegenwärtigung im bild, in bildlicher dar stellung (wohl Frühjahr 1912).- Nr. 17. Zur Lehre vom Bildbewusstsein und Fiktum-Bewusstsein (Texte wohl von 1912).- Nr. 18. Zur Lehre von den Anschauungen und Ihren Modis (Texte wohl aus 1918).- Nr. 19. Reine Möglichkeit und Phantasie (Texte wohl von 1922/23).- NR. 20. Phantasie - Neutralität (1921 /1924).- Textkritischer Anhang.- Zur Textgestaltung.- Textkritische Anmerkungen.- Nachweis Der Originalseiten.- Namenregister. 810 pp. Deutsch.