springer netherlands apr 2000 (45 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Although John Dewey's ideas have been of central interest in Anglo-Saxon philosophy and history of education, it is only recently that similar interest has developed in continental Europe. Deweyan philosophy of education has had to pass through national filters, which meant that it was received in national contexts of reform. The `German Dewey' was differently construed to the French, Italian, or English Dewey. This seems to change after 1989 (and the fall of socialist education) when interest in Dewey increased. The new political and philosophical interest in Dewey has to do with the lost alternative `socialism', and thus with the opening of Eastern Europe and the new problems of education within a worldwide community. This volume stresses two points. The original interest of European education in Dewey will be presented in case studies, concerning different national contexts and thus different Dewey's. What can be called the renewal of interest will be argued from different sides. It is our intention to show that today's interest in Dewey is not the remake of the reception within the different camps of progressive education. This volume will be of interest to philosophers of education, historians of education, and people engaged in the philosophy, history and the reception of Dewey. 228 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Quine is one of the twentieth century's most important and influential philosophers. The essays in this collection are by some of the leading figures in their fields and they touch on the most recent turnings in Quine's work. The book also features an essay by Quine himself, and his replies to each of the papers. Questions are raised concerning Quine's views on knowledge: observation, holism, truth, naturalized epistemology; about language: meaning, the indeterminacy of translation, conjecture; and about the philosophy of logic: ontology, singular terms, vagueness, identity, and intensional contexts. Given Quine's preeminent position, this book must be of interest to students of philosophy in general, Quine aficionados, and most particularly to those working in the areas of epistemology, ontology, philosophies of language, of logic, and of science. 468 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Material processing techniques that employ severe plastic deformation have evolved over the past decade, producing metals, alloys and composites having extraordinary properties. Variants of SPD methods are now capable of creating monolithic materials with submicron and nanocrystalline grain sizes. The resulting novel properties of these materials has led to a growing scientific and commercial interest in them. They offer the promise of bulk nanocrystalline materials for structural; applications, including nanocomposites of lightweight alloys with unprecedented strength. These materials may also enable the use of alternative metal shaping processes, such as high strain rate superplastic forming. Prospective applications for medical, automotive, aerospace and other industries are already under development. 416 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book - the first published on this topic in plants - presents the reader with an overview of recent research on nitric oxide (NO) in plants, which, in view of its empirical interest and its growth regulatory potential, is in the forefront of scientific endeavor in plant science. Subject matter is divided into two parts: Part 1 deals with NO and peroxynitrite biochemistry and regulative mechanisms as presently known in the Plant Kingdom and outlines some of the problems still awaiting clarification. Emphasis is placed on ethylene emission regulation, postharvest control, plant phytopathology and environmental stress tolerance. A further topic is plant NO, like Viagra, related to cyclic nucleotide turnover. Part 2 deals with environmental aspects of NO as an atmospheric pollutant and discusses endogenous means which plants at times employ to cope with this particular type of stress, and how their coping mechanisms may be harnessed for purposes of depollution and augmentation of nitrogen fertilization. The text, accompanied by a wealth of illustrations and annotated references, is intended for lecturers, advanced students and research scientists at universities and research institutes dealing with plant sciences and agriculture, as well as for environmental researchers. 184 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Nanostructured films and coatings possess unique properties due to both size and interface effects. They find many applications in areas such as electronics, catalysis, protection, data storage, optics and sensors. The focus of the present book is on synthesis and processing; advanced characterization techniques; properties (including mechanical, chemical, electronic, thermal, catalytic, and magnetic); modelling of interlayer and intralayer interfaces; and applications. 396 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume brings together a number of authors that see themselves as contribu tors to, or critical commentators on, a new field that has recently emerged within the sociology of knowledge. This new field is 'the Sociology of Philosophical Knowledge' (SPK). Studying philosophers and their knowledge from broadly sociological or political perspectives is not, of course, a recent phenomenon. Marxist writers have used such perspectives throughout the twentieth century, and, since the sixties, feminist authors have also occasionally engaged in sociological analysis of philosophers' texts. What distinguishes SPK from these sociologies is that SPK is not engaged in a political struggle; indeed, SPK remains, in general, neutral with respect to the truth or falsity of the doctrines it studies. In doing so, SPK follows the 'strong programme' in the sociology of scientific knowledge. In 'Wittgenstein as a Conservative Thinker', David Bloor draws on the work of the sociologist Karl Mannheim in order to situate Wittgenstein's philosophy. Mannheim distinguished between two important styles of thought in the nine teenth century. The first, the 'natural law' ideology was associated with ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. It emphasized individualism, progress, and universal reason. The second style of thought was 'conservatism'. 244 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -'.this work represents a key case study in the study of the prosody and syntax interactions.' (Pilar Prieto, Lingua 115, 2005) 244 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Teachers' Learning: Stories of Science Education is aimed at science educators who wish for a deeper understanding of how teachers learn to teach science and the role of stories in reporting science education research. It is a fascinating look at the knowledge teachers have and use, how context influences teachers' work, and the role of reflection and collaboration in teachers' learning. At the core of each chapter is a story or group of stories written by or about teachers. These stories serve as a form of data to build a set of arguments about how science teachers grow and the possibilities for change in teaching. This book is designed for all those involved in the science teaching enterprise. Pre-service teachers, graduate students and science education researchers are invited to utilise both the findings about teachers' learning and the research processes employed to develop those findings. 204 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Nanostructured films and coatings possess unique properties due to both size and interface effects. They find many applications in areas such as electronics, catalysis, protection, data storage, optics and sensors. The focus of the present book is on synthesis and processing; advanced characterization techniques; properties (including mechanical, chemical, electronic, thermal, catalytic, and magnetic); modelling of interlayer and intralayer interfaces; and applications.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 396 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book - the first published on this topic in plants - presents the reader with an overview of recent research on nitric oxide (NO) in plants, which, in view of its empirical interest and its growth regulatory potential, is in the forefront of scientific endeavor in plant science. Subject matter is divided into two parts: Part 1 deals with NO and peroxynitrite biochemistry and regulative mechanisms as presently known in the Plant Kingdom and outlines some of the problems still awaiting clarification. Emphasis is placed on ethylene emission regulation, postharvest control, plant phytopathology and environmental stress tolerance. A further topic is plant NO, like Viagra, related to cyclic nucleotide turnover.Part 2 deals with environmental aspects of NO as an atmospheric pollutant and discusses endogenous means which plants at times employ to cope with this particular type of stress, and how their coping mechanisms may be harnessed for purposes of depollution and augmentation of nitrogen fertilization.The text, accompanied by a wealth of illustrations and annotated references, is intended for lecturers, advanced students and research scientists at universities and research institutes dealing with plant sciences and agriculture, as well as for environmental researchers.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 184 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -'.this work represents a key case study in the study of the prosody and syntax interactions.' (Pilar Prieto, Lingua 115, 2005)Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 244 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -In reflecting on this book and the process of writing it, the most pervasive theme I find is that of confluence. I drew much of the energy needed to write the book from the energy that resides at the confluence, or nexus, of contrasting ideas. At the most general level, the topic of arts subsidy offered a means of exploring simultaneously two of my favorite philosophical subjects-aesthetics and politics. The risk of a dual focus is of course that you do neither topic justice. However, the bigger payoff of this strategy resides in finding new and interesting connections between two otherwise disparate topics. Developing such connections between art and politics led directly to many of the book's positive arguments for subsidy. At a deeper level, the book exploits a confluence of contrasting philosophical methodologies. The central problem of the book politically justifying state support of the arts-is cast in the Anglo American tradition of analytical philosophy. Here normative arguments of ethics and politics are scrutinized with an eye toward developing a defensible justification of state action. Yet while the book initially situates the subsidy problem within this analytical tradition, its positive arguments for subsidy draw heavily from the ideas and methods of Continental philosophy. Rather than adjudicating normative claims of ethical and political ttuth, the Continental tradition aims at the hermeneutical task of interpreting and describing sttuctures of human meaning.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 200 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Teachers' Learning: Stories of Science Education is aimed at science educators who wish for a deeper understanding of how teachers learn to teach science and the role of stories in reporting science education research. It is a fascinating look at the knowledge teachers have and use, how context influences teachers' work, and the role of reflection and collaboration in teachers' learning.At the core of each chapter is a story or group of stories written by or about teachers. These stories serve as a form of data to build a set of arguments about how science teachers grow and the possibilities for change in teaching. This book is designed for all those involved in the science teaching enterprise. Pre-service teachers, graduate students and science education researchers are invited to utilise both the findings about teachers' learning and the research processes employed to develop those findings.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 204 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Teachers' Learning: Stories of Science Education is aimed at science educators who wish for a deeper understanding of how teachers learn to teach science and the role of stories in reporting science education research. It is a fascinating look at the knowledge teachers have and use, how context influences teachers' work, and the role of reflection and collaboration in teachers' learning.At the core of each chapter is a story or group of stories written by or about teachers. These stories serve as a form of data to build a set of arguments about how science teachers grow and the possibilities for change in teaching. This book is designed for all those involved in the science teaching enterprise. Pre-service teachers, graduate students and science education researchers are invited to utilise both the findings about teachers' learning and the research processes employed to develop those findings.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 208 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Recent years have witnessed a substantial change in both the organisation and substance of environmental policy, both national and international. Western societies have seen a change in the relationships between the state, the market, and civil society, leading to new conceptions of governance, a process here called political modernisation that gives rise to the institutionalisation of new policy arrangements. An environmental policy arrangement refers to the organisation and substance of a policy domain in terms of policy coalitions, policy discourses, rules of the game, and resources. The book uses these theoretical notions to analyze changes in organisation, substance and governance in several environmental policy domains, such as infrastructure policies, global policies on climate change and biodiversity, green planning, and agriculture policy. Changing relationships between the state, the market and civil society, caused by processes of globalization, privatisation and individualisation, have resulted in a plurality of policy arrangements in different domains. Despite the fact that environmental politics has been substantially renewed, there is a delicate balance between traditional and new policy arrangements. One of the main themes of the book is the explanation of this balance. 236 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The electron density of a non-degenerate ground state system determines essentially all physical properties of the system. This statement of the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem of Density Functional Theory plays an exceptionally important role among all the fundamental relations of Molecular Physics. In particular, the electron density distribution and the dynamic properties of this density determine both the local and global reactivities of molecules. High resolution experimental electron densities are increasingly becoming available for more and more molecules, including macromolecules such as proteins. Furthermore, many of the early difficulties with the determination of electron densities in the vicinity of light nuclei have been overcome. These electron densities provide detailed information that gives important insight into the fundamentals of molecular structure and a better understanding of chemical reactions. The results of electron density analysis are used in a variety of applied fields, such as pharmaceutical drug discovery and biotechnology. If the functional form of a molecular electron density is known, then various molecular properties affecting reactivity can be determined by quantum chemical computational techniques or alternative approximate methods. 348 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Following the success of the first edition, published in 1995, this fully rewritten A Guide to Clinical Drug Research - Second Edition has been adapted to the most recent guidelines and developments in the field. It continues to provide a wealth of practical advice, ranging from the conception of an idea, planning a study and writing a protocol, through to the conduct of a study, data collection and analysis, and publication. It tells investigators what information they should expect sponsoring companies to provide, particularly when there is only limited information available about a new drug. It also explains what the company can expect of investigators, including the requirements of `good clinical practice'. Unlike other currently available texts on clinical trials and pharmaceutical medicine, A Guide to Clinical Drug Research concentrates on the needs of the practising clinician and research team. It is not restricted to drug investigation, and is relevant to all those involved in clinical research in a variety of settings. Audience: Required reading for clinical researchers and others involved as investigators in a drug project, often sponsored by a pharmacuetical company, plus agents of the sponsoring companies themselves. 224 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Following the success of the first edition, published in 1995, this fully rewritten A Guide to Clinical Drug Research - Second Edition has been adapted to the most recent guidelines and developments in the field. It continues to provide a wealth of practical advice, ranging from the conception of an idea, planning a study and writing a protocol, through to the conduct of a study, data collection and analysis, and publication. It tells investigators what information they should expect sponsoring companies to provide, particularly when there is only limited information available about a new drug. It also explains what the company can expect of investigators, including the requirements of `good clinical practice'. Unlike other currently available texts on clinical trials and pharmaceutical medicine, A Guide to Clinical Drug Research concentrates on the needs of the practising clinician and research team. It is not restricted to drug investigation, and is relevant to all those involved in clinical research in a variety of settings. Audience: Required reading for clinical researchers and others involved as investigators in a drug project, often sponsored by a pharmacuetical company, plus agents of the sponsoring companies themselves. 226 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The push towards greater autonomy is one of the three main trends in every modern educational policy, alongside quality assurance and quality evaluation techniques and the need to devote attention to special - and often disadvantaged - target groups. It is, however, difficult to derive a unified concept of `autonomy' from the comparative indicators which are published on a regular basis and it has emerged that there are significant differences depending on the specific area and the administrative organisation of education in the country in question. During the discussions of the annual Congress of the European Association for Education Law and Policy (ELA) in Salzburg (1998) it was apparent that autonomy has to be considered in its various applications.Autonomy for school boards is realised through management, administrative mechanisms, management of staff and pedagogical options. Autonomy of administration requires competence, the willingness to establish an autonomous administration and awareness of each party's responsibility in the educational process.The contents of this Yearbook are an answer to the question of how legislatures are responding to the trend towards greater responsibility, decentralisation and autonomy. It is an overview of the efforts made by the Member States of the European Union to apply the principle of subsidiarity. 472 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In reflecting on this book and the process of writing it, the most pervasive theme I find is that of confluence. I drew much of the energy needed to write the book from the energy that resides at the confluence, or nexus, of contrasting ideas. At the most general level, the topic of arts subsidy offered a means of exploring simultaneously two of my favorite philosophical subjects-aesthetics and politics. The risk of a dual focus is of course that you do neither topic justice. However, the bigger payoff of this strategy resides in finding new and interesting connections between two otherwise disparate topics. Developing such connections between art and politics led directly to many of the book's positive arguments for subsidy. At a deeper level, the book exploits a confluence of contrasting philosophical methodologies. The central problem of the book politically justifying state support of the arts-is cast in the Anglo American tradition of analytical philosophy. Here normative arguments of ethics and politics are scrutinized with an eye toward developing a defensible justification of state action. Yet while the book initially situates the subsidy problem within this analytical tradition, its positive arguments for subsidy draw heavily from the ideas and methods of Continental philosophy. Rather than adjudicating normative claims of ethical and political ttuth, the Continental tradition aims at the hermeneutical task of interpreting and describing sttuctures of human meaning. 200 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -From the very beginning of their investigation of human reasoning, philosophers have identified two other forms of reasoning, besides deduction, which we now call abduction and induction. Deduction is now fairly well understood, but abduction and induction have eluded a similar level of understanding. The papers collected here address the relationship between abduction and induction and their possible integration. The approach is sometimes philosophical, sometimes that of pure logic, and some papers adopt the more task-oriented approach of AI. The book will command the attention of philosophers, logicians, AI researchers and computer scientists in general. 336 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -`Intellectics' seeks to understand the functions, structure and operation of the human intellect and to test artificial systems to see the extent to which they can substitute or complement such functions. The word itself was introduced in the early 1980s by Wolfgang Bibel to describe the united fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. The book collects papers by distinguished researchers, colleagues and former students of Bibel's, all of whom have worked together with him, and who present their work to him here to mark his 60th birthday. The papers discuss significant issues in intellectics and computational logic, ranging across automated deduction, logic programming, the logic-based approach to intellectics, cognitive robotics, knowledge representation and reasoning. Each paper contains new, previously unpublished, reviewed results. The collection is a state of the art account of the current capabilities and limitations of a computational-logic-based approach to intellectics. Readership: Researchers who are convinced that the intelligent behaviour of machines should be based on a rigid formal treatment of knowledge representation and reasoning. 404 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Teachers' Learning: Stories of Science Education is aimed at science educators who wish for a deeper understanding of how teachers learn to teach science and the role of stories in reporting science education research. It is a fascinating look at the knowledge teachers have and use, how context influences teachers' work, and the role of reflection and collaboration in teachers' learning. At the core of each chapter is a story or group of stories written by or about teachers. These stories serve as a form of data to build a set of arguments about how science teachers grow and the possibilities for change in teaching. This book is designed for all those involved in the science teaching enterprise. Pre-service teachers, graduate students and science education researchers are invited to utilise both the findings about teachers' learning and the research processes employed to develop those findings. 208 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume is based on the presentations and deliberations of an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) 'Caspian Sea: A Quest for Environmental Security' that was held on March 15-19, 1999, in Venice (Italy). The Workshop was sponsored by the NATO's Division for Scientific and Environmental Affairs, with additional support provided by the Trust for Mutual Understanding (USA). It was organized by Duke University's Center for International Development Research with the guidance of the International Committee of scientists from Russia, United States. Georgia and Italy and organizational assistance rendered by Venice International University. The Caspian Sea region is of profound importance from the perspective of global and regional environmental security. New geopolitical and economic circumstances have created a mixture of competition. reluctant collaboration, and legal, political, economic and ideological wrangling. There is an intense debate over how the Caspian and its resources should be divided among littoral states and how these resources are to be developed. While most littoral states and the international companies strive to develop the area's immense hydrocarbon potential, it is clear that the Caspian's unique and fragile ecosystem is at risk. 384 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The way in which probiotics work is still not clearly defined, but it is becoming more and more apparent that immune stimulation is an important feature in some of the observed effects. In the previous two books in this series the scientific basis and the practical applications were considered. It seemed that the immunogenic potential of probiotics merited a book of its own with experts from all over the world covering the general effect of the gut microflora on immunity as well as the particular response that pro biotic microorganisms generate. The importance of immune stimulation by probiotic organisms cannot be overemphasised. It opens up the technique for use, not only as a treatment for intestinal diseases, but also as a treatment that could be effective against infections outside the gastrointestinal tract. This book considers how the body reacts to the presence of orally administered microorganisms (normally lactic acid bacteria). The responses may be in the form of antibodies (lgA, IgG, IgM), cytokines, killer cells or macrophage activity. Do these responses result in antagonism of the stimulating bacteria, do they affect the composition of the indigenous gut microflora and are they sufficienty strong to kill bacterial pathogens or tumour cells Where we have answers these will be reported and discussed; where there are no answers there will be speculation and prediction. 284 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This book is the first comprehensive volume on nonlinear dynamics and chaos in optical systems. A few books have been published recently, but they summarize applied mathematical methodologies toward understanding of nonlinear dynamics in laser systems with small degrees of freedom focusing on linearized perturbation and bifurcation analyses. In contrast to these publications, this book summarizes nonlinear dynamic problems in optical complex systems possessing large degrees of freedom, systematically featuring our original experimental results and their theoretical treatments. The new concepts introduced in this book will have a wide appeal to audiences involved in a rapidly-growing field of nonlinear dynamics.This book focuses on nonlinear dynamics and cooperative functions in realistic optical complex systems, such as multimode lasers, laser array, coupled nonlinear-element systems, and their applications to optical processing. This book is prepared for graduatestudents majoring in optical and laser physics, but the generic nature of complex systems described in this book may stimulate researchers in the field of nonlinear dynamics covering different academic areas including applied mathematics, hydrodynamics, celestial mechanics, chemistry, biology, and economics.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 312 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Following the success of the first edition, published in 1995, this fully rewritten A Guide to Clinical Drug Research - Second Edition has been adapted to the most recent guidelines and developments in the field. It continues to provide a wealth of practical advice, ranging from the conception of an idea, planning a study and writing a protocol, through to the conduct of a study, data collection and analysis, and publication. It tells investigators what information they should expect sponsoring companies to provide, particularly when there is only limited information available about a new drug. It also explains what the company can expect of investigators, including the requirements of `good clinical practice'. Unlike other currently available texts on clinical trials and pharmaceutical medicine, A Guide to Clinical Drug Research concentrates on the needs of the practising clinician and research team. It is not restricted to drug investigation, and is relevant to all those involved in clinical research in a variety of settings.Audience: Required reading for clinical researchers and others involved as investigators in a drug project, often sponsored by a pharmacuetical company, plus agents of the sponsoring companies themselves.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 224 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Living material contains about twenty different sorts of atom combined into a set of relatively simple molecules. Astrobiologists tend to believe that abiotic mater ial will give rise to life in any place where these molecules exist in appreciable abundances and where physical conditions approximate to those occurring here on Earth. We think this popular view is wrong, for it is not the existence of the building blocks of life that is crucial but the exceedingly complicated structures in which they are arranged in living forms. The probability of arriving at biologically significant arrangements is so very small that only by calling on the resources of the whole universe does there seem to be any possibility of life originating, a conclusion that requires life on the Earth to be a minute component of a universal system. Some think that the hugely improbable transition from non-living to living mat ter can be achieved by dividing the transition into many small steps, calling on a so-called 'evolutionary' process to bridge the small steps one by one. This claim turns on semantic arguments which seek to replace the probability for the whole chain by the sum of the individual probabilities of the many steps, instead of by their product. This is an error well known to those bookies who are accustomed to taking bets on the stacking of horse races. But we did not begin our investigation from this point of view.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 392 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The way in which probiotics work is still not clearly defined, but it is becoming more and more apparent that immune stimulation is an important feature in some of the observed effects. In the previous two books in this series the scientific basis and the practical applications were considered. It seemed that the immunogenic potential of probiotics merited a book of its own with experts from all over the world covering the general effect of the gut microflora on immunity as well as the particular response that pro biotic microorganisms generate. The importance of immune stimulation by probiotic organisms cannot be overemphasised. It opens up the technique for use, not only as a treatment for intestinal diseases, but also as a treatment that could be effective against infections outside the gastrointestinal tract. This book considers how the body reacts to the presence of orally administered microorganisms (normally lactic acid bacteria). The responses may be in the form of antibodies (lgA, IgG, IgM), cytokines, killer cells or macrophage activity. Do these responses result in antagonism of the stimulating bacteria, do they affect the composition of the indigenous gut microflora and are they sufficienty strong to kill bacterial pathogens or tumour cells Where we have answers these will be reported and discussed; where there are no answers there will be speculation and prediction.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 284 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This volume is based on the presentations and deliberations of an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) 'Caspian Sea: A Quest for Environmental Security' that was held on March 15-19, 1999, in Venice (Italy). The Workshop was sponsored by the NATO's Division for Scientific and Environmental Affairs, with additional support provided by the Trust for Mutual Understanding (USA). It was organized by Duke University's Center for International Development Research with the guidance of the International Committee of scientists from Russia, United States. Georgia and Italy and organizational assistance rendered by Venice International University. The Caspian Sea region is of profound importance from the perspective of global and regional environmental security. New geopolitical and economic circumstances have created a mixture of competition. reluctant collaboration, and legal, political, economic and ideological wrangling. There is an intense debate over how the Caspian and its resources should be divided among littoral states and how these resources are to be developed. While most littoral states and the international companies strive to develop the area's immense hydrocarbon potential, it is clear that the Caspian's unique and fragile ecosystem is at risk.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 384 pp. Englisch.