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Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Following the development of gray-scale imaging, real-time scanning, Doppler examination, and high-frequency sonography, endosonography is one of the latest major breakthroughs in the history of diagnostic ultrasound. Although early attempts at inserting ultrasound transducers in natural cavities of the body can be traced back more than two decades, only in the past few years has technology allowed the development and commercialization of effective, easy-to-use endosono scopic probes. Because the transducer can be placed in direct contact with or close to lesions, high frequencies (up to ~2 MHz) can be used, yielding cross-sectional images of unsurpassed resolution. The availability of specially designed intracorporeal probes for specific natural cavities that are routinely explored by conventional (optical) endoscopy or palpation has significantly expanded the diagnostic applications of sonography. Transrectal and transvaginal examinations are now performed routinely in many institutions, and virtually all sonographic equipment manufac turers have in their line of products at least one endorectal and one endovaginal transducer. Most endosonoscopic probes connect to existing scanners, and for radiology departments, the invest ment for transrectal or transvaginal scanning will usually be limited to the purchase of the specific probe. In this book, clinical applications of endosonography (excluding transesophageal echocardio graphy) are covered by European and North American experts. Current equipment and techniques of examination are described in detail to help newcomers get started in the field of endosonography. 200 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The thirty-five chapters in this book are edited versions of papers presented at the Advanced Research Workshop, State Intervention on Behalf of Children and Youth, which took place in Maratea, Italy, February 20-24, 1989. The Workshop was attended by leading child welfare researchers from most of the Western countries. Represented were scholars and practitioners from disciplines as diverse as law, social work, neurology, economics, political science, education, psychology, and psychiatry. This variety of disciplines considerably enriched the discussions at the Workshop and is reflected in a set of interesting and, we believe, potentially useful research papers. This book is divided into four sections, each dealing with dominant themes of state intervention. The first section deals with research on organizing for state intervention and related ways of providing accountability. The second section deals with research on young persons in conflict with the law, the third with research on child abuse and the final section with research on children in care. Many of the matters addressed in these papers relate to more than one of the topical theme headings and, therefore, might well have been located in different sections of the volume. Each section is introduced by an introductory statement that provides an overview of the papers and issues addressed, and suggests an agenda of research work to be undertaken. These introductions are based largely on workshop discussions and do not necessarily represent the views of their identified authors.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The farming of deer as an alternative to traditional livestock enterprises is now firmly established and is expanding within several countries of the European Economic Community. However, the successful farming of deer requires the adoption of appropriate management schemes to accommodate the biological requirements of these animals. Much experience has now been gained and it is essential that this information becomes readily available througout the Community. In addition, as the volume of deer farming has increased a number of health problems have become recognised which present features distinct from other domestic ruminants. Although knowledge is still incomplete it would appear that deer may react to certain pathogens in a very different way to other domestic ruminants, presenting new problems of diagnosis and control. The rapid detection of these conditions and development of appropriate control strategies will be essential for the establishment of an economically viable deer farming industry in the Community. Much of the information on the management of farmed deer and their diseases is anecdotal and fragmented and the purpose of this meeting was to accelerate the dissemination of this knowledge between scientists in the Community committed to the development of this area of agricultural industry. The meeting, financed by the Commission of the European Communities from its budget for the Coordination of Agricultural Research in the Community was held in Scotland, on the 10th to 11th December, 1987.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Until the early seventies, tautomeric i. e. fast and reversible rearrangement reactions accompanied by migrations of carbon-centered groups - were practi cally unknown. For a long time it was assumed that the family of tautomeric reactions was confined to proto tropic transformations only. However, the discovery in the fifties of the reversible metallotropic rearrangements showed the domain of migratory tautomerism to be substantially broader. The synthesis of the metallotropic compounds was based on the substitution of a proton in prototropic compounds by an organometallic group. This approach rarely proved fruitful when attempting to effect tautomeric rearrangements of organic and organometallic groups formed by the elements to the right of carbon in the Periodic Table. By contrast, a novel approach involving an analysis of the steric requirements inherent in the structure of the transition state of a reactive center and an examination of the stereodynamic possibilities has given rise to a target-oriented molecular design of compounds capable of rapid and reversible intramolecular migration of the type indicated. The implementation of this ap proach, which is the subject of the present book, has already led to the preparation of new tautomeric compounds in which such heavy organic migrants as acyl, aryl, sulfinyl, phosphoryl, arsinyl, and other groups migrate in molecules at a frequency 6 9 of 10 -10 S-I at ambient temperature, i. e. , at the rates comparable with protonic migrations.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The farming of deer as an alternative to traditional livestock enterprises is now firmly established and is expanding within several countries of the European Economic Community. However, the successful farming of deer requires the adoption of appropriate management schemes to accommodate the biological requirements of these animals. Much experience has now been gained and it is essential that this information becomes readily available througout the Community. In addition, as the volume of deer farming has increased a number of health problems have become recognised which present features distinct from other domestic ruminants. Although knowledge is still incomplete it would appear that deer may react to certain pathogens in a very different way to other domestic ruminants, presenting new problems of diagnosis and control. The rapid detection of these conditions and development of appropriate control strategies will be essential for the establishment of an economically viable deer farming industry in the Community. Much of the information on the management of farmed deer and their diseases is anecdotal and fragmented and the purpose of this meeting was to accelerate the dissemination of this knowledge between scientists in the Community committed to the development of this area of agricultural industry. The meeting, financed by the Commission of the European Communities from its budget for the Coordination of Agricultural Research in the Community was held in Scotland, on the 10th to 11th December, 1987.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Until the early seventies, tautomeric i. e. fast and reversible rearrangement reactions accompanied by migrations of carbon-centered groups - were practi cally unknown. For a long time it was assumed that the family of tautomeric reactions was confined to proto tropic transformations only. However, the discovery in the fifties of the reversible metallotropic rearrangements showed the domain of migratory tautomerism to be substantially broader. The synthesis of the metallotropic compounds was based on the substitution of a proton in prototropic compounds by an organometallic group. This approach rarely proved fruitful when attempting to effect tautomeric rearrangements of organic and organometallic groups formed by the elements to the right of carbon in the Periodic Table. By contrast, a novel approach involving an analysis of the steric requirements inherent in the structure of the transition state of a reactive center and an examination of the stereodynamic possibilities has given rise to a target-oriented molecular design of compounds capable of rapid and reversible intramolecular migration of the type indicated. The implementation of this ap proach, which is the subject of the present book, has already led to the preparation of new tautomeric compounds in which such heavy organic migrants as acyl, aryl, sulfinyl, phosphoryl, arsinyl, and other groups migrate in molecules at a frequency 6 9 of 10 -10 S-I at ambient temperature, i. e. , at the rates comparable with protonic migrations.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The farming of deer as an alternative to traditional livestock enterprises is now firmly established and is expanding within several countries of the European Economic Community. However, the successful farming of deer requires the adoption of appropriate management schemes to accommodate the biological requirements of these animals. Much experience has now been gained and it is essential that this information becomes readily available througout the Community. In addition, as the volume of deer farming has increased a number of health problems have become recognised which present features distinct from other domestic ruminants. Although knowledge is still incomplete it would appear that deer may react to certain pathogens in a very different way to other domestic ruminants, presenting new problems of diagnosis and control. The rapid detection of these conditions and development of appropriate control strategies will be essential for the establishment of an economically viable deer farming industry in the Community. Much of the information on the management of farmed deer and their diseases is anecdotal and fragmented and the purpose of this meeting was to accelerate the dissemination of this knowledge between scientists in the Community committed to the development of this area of agricultural industry. The meeting, financed by the Commission of the European Communities from its budget for the Coordination of Agricultural Research in the Community was held in Scotland, on the 10th to 11th December, 1987. 224 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Anesthesiology and the Cardiovascular Patient contains the edited presentations of the 41st Annual Postgraduate Course in Anesthesiology, February 1996. The chapters reflect new data and concepts within the general framework of the pathophysiology and management of surgical candidates with cardiovascular disease. The textbook will serve as a vehicle to bring many of the latest concepts in anesthesiology to those who did not attend the conference. Each chapter is a brief but sharply focused glimpse of the current interest in anesthesia. This volume, as well as past and future volumes, reflects the rapid and continuing evolution of anesthesiology in the late twentieth century.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Cereal uses range from human food and beverages to animal feeds and industrial products. It is human food and beverages which are the predominant uses covered in this book, since the nutritional quality of cereals for animal feed is described in other publications on animal nutrition, and industrial products are a relatively minor use of cereals. Cereals are the main components of human diets and are crucial to human survival. Three species, wheat, rice and maize, account for the bulk of human food. Barley is the major raw material for beer production and ranks fourth in world production. Other species such as sorghum are regionally important. This book covers all the major cereal species: wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum, millet, oats, rye and triticale. Specific chapters have been devoted to a description of the major end-uses of each of the species and to definition of the qualities required for each of their end uses. The functional and nutritional quality of cereals determines their suitability for specific purposes and may limit the quality of the end product, influencing greatly the commercial value of grain. An under standing of the factors that determine grain quality is thus important in the maintenance of efficient and sustainable agricultural and food production. The biochemical constituents of the grain that determine quality have been described in chapters on proteins, carbohydrates and other components. An understanding of the relationships between grain composition and quality is important in selecting grain for specific uses.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -For more than a century, heterocycles have played a crucial role in the biological and industrial development of society, becoming one of the most researched areas within organic chemistry.The first chapter of Microwave-Induced Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles is based on microwave theory, the latest developments in instrumentation technology, and the various microwave technologies used for synthesis. The remainder of the chapters are divided into two sections. Section A deals with the five-membered heterocycles (pyrazoles, isoxazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles, thiazoles, imidazoles, oxazoles, oxazolines etc.) and in Section B, various six-membered heterocycles (triazines, benzoxazoles, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles) are presented. Both sections contain a detailed, recent literature review of microwave assisted synthesis and its applicability to various aromatic heterocyclics. 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Environmental economics addresses the issues that arise on the boundaries between economic systems and natural systems, such as pollution and natural resource de pletion and degradation. Like any other branch of applied economics, it has drawn its tools and techniques from the wide range already available in economics gener ally, selecting, adapting and extending these to meet its own particular requirements in its own particular context. Here, as elsewhere in economics, public policy analy sis requires quantitative assessments of the economic impact of different policy choices. Perhaps the most distinctive contribution of environmental economics has been the development of techniques for the economic valuation of environmental goods and services in the absence of markets for such goods and services, or in the presence of markets that are at best imperfect or incomplete. Nevertheless policy analysis still relies on one or another of three broad groups of methods used in eco nomics generally. One is project appraisal, which at the micro level provides an evaluation ofthe costs and benefits ofinvestment options to inform the choice among them, while at the macro level policy analysis rests either on computable general equilibrium (CGE) models or on economy-wide macroeconometric models. All models are simplifications, designed to focus attention on the important fea tures ofthe problem at hand, and neglecting other features that might for a different problem assume greater importance. 184 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -among the 159 member countries of the United Nations Organization which are treated as country units, while smaller countries are grouped together in regions. The number of equations used is approximately 13 700, while the number of software steps for computation is approximately 100000. Computation, including tabulation, can nevertheless be performed very rapidly, and only about 20 minutes is required to make forecasts from the present up to the year 2000. The FUGI model is at present being used by the Projections and Perspectives Studies Branch, Department of International Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations, for simulations of United Nations medium- and long-term international development strategies, while the Project LINK model is being used for short-term forecasts (Onishi, 1985). Stimulated by our latest joint research with the United Nations University on a 'global early warning system for displaced persions', we have felt the need for our FUGI model to go beyond its present capacities centred on an 'economic' model (in the rather traditional, restricted sense of the term) and to develop into a model that can in the future analyse 'global problematiques' or 'global complexes of symptoms' and complicated questions including various types of environmental problems and the sorts of displaced persons issues to which we are now directing our attention. We are thus expanding the scope of our fifth-generation FUGI model, presently under development, to deal with such issues. 768 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The general treatment of problems connected with the causal conditioning of phenomena has traditionally been the domain of philosophy, but when one examines the relationships taking place in the various fields, the study of such conditionings belongs to the empirical sciences. Sociology is no exception in that respect. In that discipline we note a certain paradox. Many problems connected with the causal conditioning of phenomena have been raised in sociology in relatively recent times, and that process marked its empirical or even so-called empiricist trend. That trend, labelled positivist, seems in this case to be in contradiction with a certain type of positivism. Those authors who describe positivism usually include the Humean tradition in its genealogy and, remembering Hume's criticism of the concept of cause, speak about positivism as about a trend which is inclined to treat lightly the study of causes and confines itself to the statements on co-occurrence of phenomena. 200 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Arthur L. Schwartz, Jr. and Steven D. Kapplin The focus of this volume of the ARES Monograph Series is new ideas in real estate investment. Within this volume, empiricial studies, literature reviews, and tutorials examine a broad range of important investment issues. Many new and innovative ideas are presented. This volume should be a rich source of real estate investment ideas for many years to come. Kapplin and Schwartz examine the returns of two types of REITs, as well as that of Master Limited Partnerships (MLP), over the 1987-1989 time period. Their sample consisted of 54 real estate securities; they conclude that these entities did not provide an effective inflation hedge. MLP returns exceeded that of the overall stock market, but the two REIT types did not provide rates-of-return in excess of the marked. An extensive review of the commercial real estate return literature is presented by Fletcher. He focuses upon studies that utilize commingled real estate fund (CREF) data. His detailed overview of the subject provides a much needed synthesis of the current literature. Roulac presents an extensive discussion of the differences in the per spectives of individual versus institutional investors. In his essay, he considers such factors as scale, diversification, and related issues. Addi tionally, he examines a wide range of literature from within academia, 1 INTRODUCTION 2 as well as the opinions of various real estate gurus. He concludes that behavioral factors override economic considerations. 216 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Rapid methodological progress is now taking place in the USSR in the solution of the problems of developing both society and economy. A considerable proportion of the total methodological problems of the USSR economy are dealt with in the present monograph. This work is intended for economists, managers and specialists in methodology, sociology and applied mathematics, and it may also be useful to researchers into operations as well as to politicians, philosophers and wide circles of readers interested in the present and future problems of the USSR economy. Readers will find here, I hope, answers to many questions. At the same time this work can be used as a manual for students and post-graduate students investigating countries with centrally planned economies. For his monograph the author has used the material originally developed for a special course of lectures called 'Macromodels of Planning'. Some sections of the book correspond to the subjects of courses on 'Mathematical Programming' and 'Operations Research' as well as to the subjects of special courses on 'Methods of Vector Optimization', 'Stochastic Programming', 'Parametric Programming' and 'Decomposition Methods of Programming', read by the author from 1971 to 1976 to the graduates and post graduates of the department of applied mathematics and management processes at Leningrad University. 492 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A wide-ranging review of the issues and opportunities in the transfer of technology between advanced industrial countries and the countries of the Former Soviet Union. A major theme is the complex socio-technological aspects of the process, together with the related human factors and leadership requirements. The book presents a very open exchange of views on the difficult obstacles that the countries of the Former Soviet Union need to overcome and the market economy countries of the west need to understand. Issues of patents, intellectual property, personnel training, reorganization of formerly centralized economies, incentives, information exchange, and possible models for effective transfer are highlighted, together with specific examples and discussions of the most up-to-date knowledge about technology transfer. Audience: All individuals and organizations concerned with the transfer of technology, particularly those interested in a candid appraisal of the issues and opportunities for the transfer of technology and industrial and scientific cooperation between industrialized market economies and the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. 316 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This monograph presents a detailed examination of a variety of issues pertain ing to pricing in the context of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), a designation that I much prefer over Comecon. It situates itself within the contours of the pricing problematique that I have recently analyzed as one component of the broader aspects of monetary cooperation, essentially among the Eastern European countries (see Chapters 4 and 5 of Brabant, 1987). The suggestion that I elaborate in detail on the circumstances under which prices for regional trade within the framework of the CMEA are determined was 'strongly' urged by an anonymous referee of Brabant (1986b) and Josef Brada, the editor of Journal of Comparative Economics. Both evidently felt that the comparatively commodity-specific pricing issues that I have presented piecemeal in half a dozen articles or so since 1984 had remained too narrow, largely configured as they inevitably were by the empirical findings of exercises applied to a small number of commodities, as discussed here in Chapter 7. Under the circumstances, I saw little point in attempting to set forth these in tricate issues in a comprehensive framework. Perhaps the central motivation was that many of the regional pricing issues in the CMEA have, by and large, remained quite obscure and intractable. They might be crucial determinants in some isolated cases, as I was trying to verify. 312 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1 Aviation, Scope Economies and Services Trade.- 1.1 Liberalization Promotes Scope Economies.- 1.2 A Typical Traded Service.- 1.3 Trade in Services.- 1.4 Trade Policy Relevance.- 1.5 Structure.- 2 Aviation Facts.- 2.1 Regulated Markets.- 2.1.1 Bilaterals and Traffic Rights.- 2.1.2 Capacity Controls.- 2.1.3 Price Coordination.- 2.2 Deregulation and Liberalization.- 2.2.1 The U.S. Experience.- 2.2.2 Renegotiating Bilaterals.- 2.2.3 Towards European Liberalization.- 2.3 Economies in Aviation.- 2.3.1 Distinguishing Scope from Scale.- 2.3.2 Looking for Economies of Scale.- 2.3.3 The Economies of Scope Hypothesis.- 2.4 Summary.- 3 Characteristics of Services.- 3.1 General Characteristics.- 3.1.1 Historical Views.- 3.1.2 Defining Services.- 3.1.3 Characteristics of Trade in Services.- 3.2 Aviation Charateristics: a typical service.- 3.3 Why International Aviation Services .- 4 Trade in Services.- 4.1 A Fresh Look.- 4.2 The Theory of Trade in Services.- 4.2.1 Problems with the Standard Paradigm.- 4.2.2 A Selective Review.- 4.2.3 Analysis.- 4.3 Empiricism in Trade in Services.- 4.4 Barriers to Trade in Services.- 4.5 Service and Development.- 4.6 Some GNS Issues.- 5 Trade in Aviation Services.- 5.1 Concepts.- 5.2 Theory and Empiricism.- 5.2.1 Comparative Costs.- 5.2.2 The Heckscher-Ohlin Framework.- 5.2.3 Contestability.- 5.2.4 Oligopoly.- 5.3 Comparative Advantage in Aviation.- 5.4 Aviation Services and Development.- 5.5 Aviation and Some GNS Issues.- 6 Modeling Aviation Services Trade.- 6.1 Determining output.- 6.1.1 Case 1.- 6.1.2 Case 2.- 6.1.3 Case 3.- 6.1.4 Summary.- 6.2 Trade in aviation services.- 6.2.1 The direction of trade.- 6.2.2 The extent of exports.- 6.2.3 Trade implications of protectionism.- 6.2.4 Trade implications of deregulation.- 6.3 Summary.- 7 Empirical Research.- 7.1 Explaining Exports.- 7.2 Explaining Passengers Carried.- 7.2.1 The Working Hypothesis.- 7.2.2 Direct Tests for Economies of Scope.- 7.2.3 Interpreting the Working Hypothesis.- 7.2.4 Data Gathering.- 7.2.5 Testing the Working Hypothesis.- 7.3 Summary and Conclusions.- 8 Policy Conclusions.- 8.1 Aviation Policy.- 8.1.1 Limits to Scope.- 8.1.2 Deregulation.- 8.1.3 Subsidization.- 8.2 Trade Policy.- 8.2.1 Aviation Trade Policy.- 8.2.2 Development Policies.- 8.2.3 The Uruguay Round GNS.- 8.2.4 Beyond the Uruguay Round.- 8.2.5 Trade in Services. 212 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -VOWMES1 &2 Graham & Trotman, a member of the Kluwer Academic Publishers Group is one of Europe's leading publishers of MAJC R COMPANIES OF EUROPE 1990/91, Volume 1, business information, and publishes company reference contaln~ us~ful information on over 4000 of the top annuals on other parts of the world as follows: comp~nles In the European Economic Community, excluding the UK, nearly 1500 companies of which are MAJOR COMPANIES OF THE ARAB WORLD covered in Volume 2. Volume 3 covers near~y 1100 of the MAJOR COMPANIES OF THE FAR EAST & AUSTRALASIA top companies within Western Europe but outside the MAJOR COMPANIES OF THE U.S.A. European Economic Community. Altogether the three volumes of MAJOR COMPANIES OF EUROPE now Please send for a free complete catalogue of the provide in authoritative detail, vital information on over company's books on business management techniques, 6600 of the largest companies in Western Europe. business law, finance, banking, export markets, oil technology, energy resources, pollution control and a MAJOR COMPANIES OF EUROPE 1990/91, Volumes 1 number of other subject areas to: The Editor, Major & 2 contain many of the largest companies in the world. The Companies of Europe, Graham & Trotman Ltd, Sterling area coverecj by these volumes, the European Economic House, 66 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1DE. 364 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The central emphasis in the book is on the transaction and the constraints that its architecture imposes on a discussion of monetary theory and policy. Because of their comprehensiveness and discipline the flow-of-funds accounts are the ideal vehicle for theorizing about real and financial interaction. Such int- action can best be understood when real and financial transac tions are expressed in a common flow dimension. Each decision by economic agents is seen as two-ended in terms of markets: one market supplies the source of funds and the second market absorbs these funds. A matrix of interdependent markets is featured throughout the theoretical discussion. Credit markets, and the bank credit market in particular, become the source of disturbance in the theoretical model, but the necessary involve ment of the money market is also stressed. Theories of finan cial instability and crisis now receiving considerable attention are part of the more general theory of the flow of funds. The rationale for the monetary authority to target credit rather than the monetary aggregates emerges from the analytical discus sion. A flow-constrained analysis clarifies interest-rate deter mination, provides a helpful format for discussing equilibrium and disequilibrium, integrates credit markets with the familiar IS-LM framework, and identifies a class of missing equations in macro-monetary theory. The prototype of the missing equations is an equation explaining monetary dissaving in terms of a series of arguments only one of which will be the stock of real balances or real wealth. 352 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -I. The concept of competition played a central role in the very first attempts to apply the tools of economics to the analysis of politics. Adopting Hotelling's (1929) industrial organization model of imperfect competition in markets in which space has a predominant role, Downs (1957), following on some perceptive insights of Schumpeter (1942), was able to formulate a model of electoral competition in which political parties, seeking the support of citizens, compete against each other in offering policies designed to elicit their vote. Downs' model and the numerous variants to which it gave birth soon became the major component of what was to become Public Choice Theory. The enormous efforts of the last 30 years devoted to modelling electoral competition have helped improve our understanding of politics and have contributed a basic element that undoubtedly will remain essential to any reasonably complete theory of politics. But whatever may have been early expectations, it is now clear that electoral competition will only be one such element. More recently, the idea of competition has been used to model interest-group behavior. Becker (1983), building on earlier work by Bentley (1908), Truman (1958), Olson (1965), Stigler (1971) and Peltzman (1976), applied the Public Finance analysis of the excess-burden of taxes and subsidies - to which, incidentally, Hotelling (1938) had made pioneering contribution- to produce a model in which competition between interest groups determines an equilibrium distribution of income. 288 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In the autumn of 1961 Jan Salomon ('Mars') Cramer was appointed to the newly established chair of econometrics at the University of Amsterdam. This volume is published to commemorate this event. It is well-known how much econometrics has developed over the period under consideration, the 25 years that elapsed between 1961 and 1986. This is specifically true for the areas in which Cramer has been actively interested. We mention the theory and measurement of consumer behaviour; money and income; regression, correla tion and forecasting. In the present volume this development will be high lighted. Sixteen contributions have been sollicited from scholars all over the world who have belonged to the circle of academic friends of Cramer for a shorter or longer part of the period of 25 years. The contributions fall broadly speaking into the four areas mentioned above. Theory and measurement of consumer behaviour is represented by four papers, whereas a fifth paper deals with a related area. Richard Blundell and Costas Meghir devote a paper to the estimation of Engel curves. They apply a discrete choice model to British (individual) data from the Family Expenditure Survey 1981. Their aim is to assess the impact of individual characteristics such as income, demographic structure, location, wages and prices on commodity expenditure. 288 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The historic Binnenhof, seat of the Dutch government in The Hague, provided the setting (January 1985) for a conference in which participants from eleven countries met to consider the theme: Support networks in a caring community: research and policy, fact and fiction. At the outset, conference leadership - provided by Professors J.M.L. Jonker (The Netherlands) and R.A.B. Leaper (United Kingdom) urged the conferees not to allow their enthusiasm for informal support networks to combine with the pervasive awareness of the failures of welfare states into a simplistic stance of advocacy, with a consequent appeal to politicians to direct state funds accordingly. Legitimate criticisms of the responses of welfare states to the needs of citizens were to be seen as the context for discussion, not the substance of conference deliberations. More specifically, if it is now apparent to many people that governmental assistance of individuals with social needs can lead to an undesirable dependency on the part of increasingly passive citizens, that awareness does not lend logical support to an ideological position that governmental expenditures are pern~c~ous per se - to be replaced as rapidly as possible by a return to reliance on self, family, friends and associations that are developed voluntarily and financed by those who are sufficiently interested. 256 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The papers published in this book were presented and dis cussed on occasion of the celebration of Albert Kervyn de Lettenhove's retirement on 29-30 May 1986. This conference was made feasible through the participation of a large au dience and the generous financial support of the Commission of the European Communities. The sessions were organised under three topics, as are the papers in this book. The first session, chaired by Massimo Russo, Director-General, Commission ofthe European Com munities was devoted to an evaluation of past and current debates of central macro-economic problems, those of growth and business cycle stabilization. The second session, chaired by Jean Godeaux, Governor of Belgium's National Bank, looked at innovations in the conduct of monetary pol icy and the opportunities offered and problems associated with innovations in fiancial markets. The last session, chaired by Baron Michel Woitrin, formerly Professor of Eco nomics and Head Administrator of the Universite Catholi que de Louvain, contains several empirical analyses and pol icy proposals. I 30 years ago growth theory was a very promising research field, at the center of macroeconomics and macroeconomics was at the center of economics. Robert Solow -one of the major contributors to growth theory -reexamines the perti nence of that body of theory to problems of our times. A. Steinherr and D. Weiserbs (eds), Employment and Growth: Issues for the 1980s. ISBN 90 247 3514 9. 328 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It was Lenin's genius to recognize the importance of [socialist] system with all the trappings of embellishing the democracy. If the people want a constitution. give them one. and even include the bill of rights. If they want a parliament, give them that too. And a system of courts. If they want a federal system create that myth as well. Above all, let them have e 1 ecti ons, for the act of voti ng is what the common man most clearly associates with democracy. Give them all these, but make sure that they have no effect on how things are run. - G. Warren Nutter Most research by Western scholars has emphasized macroeconomics (and to a considerable extent still does) as the method of analysis and growth rates as a standard for evaluating the performance of different economies. In the early 1960s Nutter raised questions about the reported growth rates in socialist states, the importance of growth policies for human welfare, and the abil ity of macroeconomi cs to enhance our understandi ng of soci a 1 and economic processes. In his work, Nutter used the standard price theory adjusted to incorporate the incentive effects of property rights in resources. He was casti gated for defyi ng the traditi ona 1 wi sdom. Not surprisingly, history has validated Nutter's theoretical framework and his conclusions. 336 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The papers collected in this volume are those presented at the fourteenth Colloquium arranged by the Societe Universitaire Europeenne de Recher ches Financieres (SUERF), which took place in Helsinki in May 1988. The Society is supported by a large number of central banks and commercial banks, by other financial and business institutions and by personal subscriptions from academics and others interested in monetary and financial problems. Since its establishment in 1963 it has developed as a forum for the exchange of information, research results and ideas among academics and practitioners in these fields, including central bank officials and civil servants responsible for formulating and applying monetary and financial policies, national and international. A major activity of SUERF is to organise and conduct Colloquia on subjects of topical interest to its members. The titles, places and dates of previous Colloquia for which volumes of the collected papers were published are noted, on the last page of this volume. Volumes were not produced for Colloquia held at Tarragona, Spain in October 1970 under the title 'Monetary Policy and New Developments in Banking' and at Strasbourg, France in January 1972 under the title 'Aspects of European Monetary Union'. 412 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Through analysis of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), this book demonstrates how to use a variety of econometric techniques to analyze the evolving and expanding carbon markets sphere, techniques that can be extrapolated to the worldwide marketplace. It features stylized facts about carbon markets from an economics perspective, as well as covering key aspects of pricing strategies, risk and portfolio management.Aimed at those with a basic understanding of time series econometrics, this book will be extremely useful for researchers and working professionals (trading managers, energy and commodity traders, quantitative analysts, consultants, utilities), and especially those in econometrics and carbon finance. The material is also appropriate for students (advanced undergraduates, MSc, MBA) in the field of econometrics, energy and environmental economics. Readers are supplied with hyperlinks to data and R computer codes, while instructors receive problem sets, a solutions manual, and presentation slides. 248 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The study of coal for the production of energy is certainly not a new area of research. Many research works were carried out to improve the efficiency of industrial and domestic facilities. In the sixties, however, because of the availability and low cost of petroleum, coal consumption decreased and the research effort in this area was minimum. Meanwhile, the situation has totally changed. Considering the reserves of oil and the instability ofregions where they are located, it is becoming absolutely necessary to develop other sources of energy.The major alternative to oil appears to be coal, at least for the near future. Indeed, the reserves known today represent several centuries of energy consumption.!t is therefore becoming urgent to develop efficient and non polluting technologies to produce energy from coal. The main possibilities are : liquefaction gasification directed combustion. Research and development efforts on liquefaction have been considerably reduced because of high cost of technologies involved and poor prospects for the next two decades. Research works on gasification are progressing; it is a promising approach. However, direct combustion either in pulverized coal furnaces or in fluidized beds is the more promising way of expanding rapidly the utilization of coal. These techniques are already used in some facilities but many environmental problems remain, slowing down their development. 520 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The material covered in the manuscripts published herein was subjected to public inquiry during the Japan-US Joint Seminar on Materials for Severe Service Conditions during 19-23 May 1986 at the Toranomon Pastral Guest House in Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. This seminar was the latest in a series on advanced materials and applications initiated in the early 1970s by Professor T. Kanazawa of Japan and Professor A. S. Kobayashi of the United States. The 1986 seminar was organized by the undersigned with the able assistance of Professor H. Kobayashi and Dr H. Nakamura of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, and Dr K. Minakawa of the Nippon Kokan Technical Research Center. The semi nar was sponsored by the US National Science Foundation and by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science. This Proceedings volume is offered for its. reference value in the enhancement of the understanding of the behavior of advanced struc tural materials for design applications involving adverse loading con ditions and severe environments. During the seminar attempts were also made to extract priority issues of possible broad impact on science or technology, and to articulate possible guidelines for action plans. 432 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -I. Introduction to the Population-Sample Decomposition Approach.- I.1 The linear statistical model.- I.2 Minimum distance parameters subject to minimal model assumptions.- II. The Estimation of Linear Relations; The Sample Part of PSD.- II.1 Method of moments and asymptotic distribution theory.- II.2 Asymptotic estimation of covariance functions.- III. Principal Relations.- III.1 Basic formulation of the principal relations.- III.2 The distance matrix Q.- III.3 Simultaneous equations systems.- III.4 Seemingly unrelated regressions.- III.5 Restricted seemingly unrelated regressions.- III.6 Canonical correlation analysis.- IV. Principal Factors.- IV.1 Basic formulation of principal factors.- IV.2 Principal relations versus principal factors.- IV. 3 Principal components analysis.- V. Goodness-of-Fit Measures.- V. 1 Coefficients of multiple correlation and angles between random vectors.- V.2 Coefficients of linear association for principal relations and principal factors.- V.3 Coefficients of linear association for simultaneous equations systems.- V.4 Coefficients of linear association for seemingly unrelated regressions.- VI. Review.- VI.1 A schematic representation of the parameters.- VI.2 List of notation and summary of results.- VII. Computational Aspects of the Population-Sample Decomposition.- VII.1 Fourth-order central moments.- VII.2 Pre- and post-multiplication of V by the gradient matrix.- VII.3 The PSD method in practice.- Preliminaries on matrix algebra.- References.- Author Index. 256 pp. Englisch.