Springer netherlands springer okt 2011 (Oltre 1700 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Many historians have concerned themselves with the founding of the German Empire in 1871 and the means used to unite the disparate sections of Germany, many of which had older traditions than did Bismarck's Prussia. Understandably writers have given more attention to the victor than to the vanquished. Except for polemicists who seek to prove the wrong done or to vindicate the action taken, scholars have been interested in writing about trends which were to become significant in the new Reich, about the new governmental structure itself, and about the diplomacy and statesmanship which were used to form the new German nation-state. But the consolidation of many diverging strands of political, economic, and social traditions in the new state left many issues unsolved and in fact seemed to create new ones. Many of these problems, while not overtly affecting the basic outline of German history, have nonetheless influenced it and have become at times serious matters of concern for the Reich Chancellor. One of the problems was the threat of particularist sentiment to the national unity which Bismarck was trying to create. Although there was an awareness among some nineteenth century Ger mans of a specific German nationality, the majority of people did not think in terms of a German unity but regarded themselves as Bavarians, Saxons, or belonging to some other Stamm, or tribal subdivision of the Germans.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The design and assessment of modern high temperature plant demands an understanding of the creep and rupture behaviour of materials under multi axial stress states. Examples include thread roots in steam turbine casing bolts, branch connections in nuclear pressure vessels and blade root fixings in gas or steam turbine rotors. At one extreme the simple notch weakening/notch strengthening characterization of the material by circumferentially vee-notched uniaxial rupture tests, as specified in many national standards, may be sufficient. These were originally intended to model thread roots and their conservatism is such that they frequently are considered adequate for design purposes. At the other extreme full size or model component tests may be employed to determine the safety margins built into design codes. This latter approach is most commonly used for internally pressurized components, particularly where welds are involved. However, such tests are extremely expensive and the use of modern stress analysis techniques combined with a detailed knowledge of multiaxial properties offers a more economic alternative. Design codes, by their nature, must ensure conservatism and are based on a material's minimum specified properties. In the case of high temperature components the extension of life beyond the nominal design figure, say from 100000 to 200000 h, offers very significant economic benefits. However, this may require a more detailed understanding of the multiaxial behaviour of a specific material than was available at the design stage.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Technology transfer has a long history, but only recently has it become the subject of study and action. The rapid rate of scientific and technical advance in both Europe and the United States and the existence of large technology gaps among nations has brought the importance of the process into sharper focus, and has c~used technology transfer to have implications for countless aspects of both national and international develop ment. Technology transfer has been variously defined as: the process of information transfer between science, technology and actual utilization of scientific data and ideas, to wit: production of goods and services; the process by which science and technology are diffused throughout human activity; the transfer of research results into operations; the process by which technical information originating in one setting is adapted for use in another setting. Collectively, these and other definitions share a common theme which characterizes the process as one of bringing technology i'ilto widespread use in solving mankind's problems in the shortest practical time. The first NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Technology Transfer in July, 1973, brought together many of the individuals dealing with quantitative data, based on empirical research. This conference had both the advantages and disadvantages of a somewhat detached point of view. The ASI also had lectures contributed by representatives from government agencies and corporations (and a few university-based scholars) who had been active as practitioners or consultants in policy-making and organizational design for technology transfer.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1. 1. Motivation This book is based on the view-tx)int that both public and private decision making, in practice, can often be ilrproved upon by means of fonnal (nonnative) decision nodels and methods. To sane extent, the validity of this statement can be measured by the irrpressive number of su=esses of disciplines as operations research and management science. Hcwever, as witnessed by the many discussions in the professional journals in these fields, many rrodels and methods do not completely meet the requirements of decision making in prac tice. Of all possible origins of these clear shortcomings, we main- ly focus on only one: the fact that nost of these nodels and methods are unsuitable for decision situations in which multiple and possi bly conflicting objectives playa role, because they are concentra ted on the (optimal) fulfilment of only one objective. The need to account for multiple goals was observed relatively early. Hoffman [1955], while describing 'what seem to be the prin cipal areas (in linear prograrrrning) where new ideas and new methods are needed' gives an exanple with conflicting goals. In this pro blem, the assignrrent of relative weights is a great problem for the planning staff and is 'probably not the province of the mathemati cian engaged in solving this problem'. These remarks were true pre cursors of later develor:nents. Nevertheless, the need for methods dealing with multiple goals was not widely recognized until much later. 276 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Until the nineteenth century Jacques-Auguste de Thou (1553-1617) was among the most famous and most valued of historians. While his first fame was a succes de scandale - the History of His Time was placed on the Index in 160g - de Thou's work quickly found favor with the humanistically-educated learned class throughout Europe. The esteem in which the History was held transcended religious divisions. The historian received letters of praise from staunchly orthodox Spain and Portugal as well as from heretic England and Germany; through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries his History was read with enthusi asm by certain cardinals at the very curia which condemned it; and so staunch a champion of orthodoxy as Bishop Bossuet did not hesitate to appeal to 'such a great author' for support in his own historical works. ! To the philosophe of the Enlightenment de Thou's impartiality in de scribing the impassioned times through which he lived and the exact yet eloquent style with which he wrote the History of His Time were familiar touchstones. Voltaire appealed to the 'truthful and eloquent de Thou' again and again in his works,2 William Pitt rose in the House of Commons to quote the words of the 'great historian of France' during the early years of the French Revolution,3 Lessing 4 and Herder 5 praised him with poetic hyperbole, and Edward Gibbon re ferred to 'the authority of my masters, the grave Thuanus and the philosophic Hume . . . . 368 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The present book collects seven studies on the grammatical aspects of number names. No attempt has been made to unify the notation, but all authors work from a generative viewpoint. Each contribution chosen gives more than just a description of the number name system in a certain language. Thus, the linguist interested in simplicity, types of transformations, functional rules, tagmemic rules, comparisons be tween languages, or language universals may profit from this collection. H. BRANDT CORSTIUS v T ABLE OF CONTENTS A. V AN KA TWIJ K / A Functional Grammar of Dutch Number Names 1 BARRON BRAINERD / On the Syntax of Certain Classes of Numerical Expressions 9 BARRON BRAINERD / A Transformational-Generative Grammar for Rumanian Numerical Expressions 41 BARRON BRAINERD and FRED C. C. PENG / A Syntactic Comparison of Chinese and Japanese Numerical Expressions 53 RANI SIROMONEY / Grammars of Number Names of Certain Dravidian Languages 82 WILLIAM R. MERRIFIELD / Number Names in Four Languages of Mexico 91 HUGO BRANDT CORSTIUS / Automatic Translation between Number Names 103 VII A. VAN KATWIJK A FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR OF DUTCH NUMBER NAMES At the present time there are quite a number of generative grammars for numerical expressions. Brainerd (1967) even mentions the possibility of giving 'a complete description of systems of numerical expressions in any language', where the transformation theory of number names provides a framework for discussions of a number of universals. He also refers to the advantages of completeness of descriptions being possible in these grammars. 136 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -1. Lipids of chick retina during ontogenesis.- 2. Protein synthesis by differentiating neuroblasts and glioblasts in cell culture: a model system for analysis of genetic neurologic disease.- 3. Morphologic maturation of the brain: a quantitative study.- 4. Factors contributing to abnormal neuronal development in the cerebral cortex of the human infant.- 5. Assessment and significance of behavioural states.- 6. Sleep behavior: genetic regulation.- 7. Developmental plasticity in the visual cortex.- 8. Language representation and brain development.- 9. Zinc and the developing nervous system: toxic effects of zinc on the central nervous system of the preweanling rabbit.- 10. Morphologic and biochemical effects of hormones on the developing nervous system in mammals.- 11. Effects of drugs, narcotics and toxins on the chemical maturation of the infant brain.- 12. Toxic effects of elevated oxygen tension on brain maturation.- 13. Nerve growth factor.- 14. Viral infections and brain development.- 15. Infectious and immunologic diseases affecting the developing nervous system.- 16. Biochemical aspects of the maturation of serotoninergic neurons in the rat brain.- 17. The development of central catecholamine neuron systems: some implications for disease.- 18. Developmental retardation in rat brain after perinatal seizures.- 19. Pathophysiologic basis for the selective vulnerability of the immature rat brain to seizures.- 20. Post-natal seizures clinical effects.- 21. Specific postnatal threats to brain development: dendritic changes.- 22. Metabolic aspects of cerebral anoxia-asphyxia in the fetus and newborn.- 23. Postnatal maturation of the local cerebral circulation.- 24. Methods for promoting functional recovery following brain damage. 368 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is intended to be a reference text on hydrostatic extru sion, a multidisciplinary technology involving the forming process of materials, tribology, high pressure engineering and so forth. Until now only one book bearing the title of hydrostatic extrusion, by Prof. Alexander and Dr. Lengyel, has been published since 1971. Although there are chapters on hydrostatic extrusion in such books as THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS UNDER PRESSURE edited by Dr. Pugh, METAL FORMING by Prof. Avitzur and HIGH PRESSURE TECHNOLOGY by Drs. Spain and Paauwe, it is regrettable that no up~to-date reference books on hydro static extrusion are available. As is well known, hydrostatic extrusion is a nearly-ideal lubricated extrusion. Its advantages have been demonstrated by laboratory research in the past two decades, yet many manufacturers, however, still hesitate to adopt the technology in their plants. Their hesitation is certainly due to the lack of exact information on the process and its equipment and also to 'their unfamiliarity with the actual method of operation. In order to provide a useful introduction to the subject for engi neers who work in industries which plan to employ this technique and also to give exact and reliable information on the durability and perfo- ance of production facilities, as well as the capabilities of the process and the properties of extruded products, we decided to publish this book. Starting with theories and computational methods, the processes of cold, warm and hot hydrostatic extrusion are described by experts in their respective fields. 396 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -References Liquid-metal strain gages can be fabricated in either single- or delta-rosette configurations. Their main advantages are their low stiffness (essential for 1. Beatty, M.F. and Chewning, S. W., 'Numerical Analysis of the Reinforcement Effect of a Strain Gage Applied to a Soft use on composites with soft, elastomeric matrices) Material,' Int. J. Eng. Sci., 17, 907-915 (1979). and high elongation (at least 50 percent). Their prin 2. Pugin, V.A., 'Electrical Strain Gauges for Measuring Large cipal disadvantages are a short shelf life and a Deformations,' Soviet Rubber Industry, 19 (1), 23-26 (1960). nonlinear calibration curve. 3. Janssen, M.L. and Walter, J.D., 'Rubber Strain Measurements in Bias, Belted Bias and Radial Ply Tires,' J. Coated Fibrous Mat., 1, 102-117 (1971). 4. Patel, H.P., Turner, J.L., and Walter, J.D., 'Radial Tire Cord-Rubber Composite,' Rubber Chem. and Tech., 49, Acknowledgments 1095-1110 (1976). 5. Stone, J.E., Madsen, N.H., Milton, J.L., Swinson, W.F., and Turner, J.L., 'Developments in the Design and Use of Liquid-Metal Strain Gages,' EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, 23, The author acknowledges helpful suggestions by 129-139 (1983). Dr. Joseph D. Walter of Firestone Central Research 6. Whitney, R.J., 'The Measurement of Volume Changes in Human Limbs, ' J. Physiology, 121, 1-27 (1953). 180 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The idea of holding this workshop on 'The Jllilky Way' arose at the conference dinner of a meeting on 'Regions of Recent Star Formation' held at Penticton in June 1981. Leo Blitz (now at the University of Maryland) and I decided that there was a need, and agreed that we would organize one in Vancouver in the Spring of 1982. The purpose of the workshop was to have an intensive exchange of ideas between some of the most active workers in the field regarding the recent work which has been significantly changing our concepts of the Milky Way. To achieve this we limited the number of participants, and planned the program so that there was ample time for discussion. The meeting appeared to work very well, both scientifically and socially, and this volume contains 50 of the 55 papers that were The discussion was very lengthy, but since the papers were presented. written up after the meeting many of the points raised have been in the publications, and it seems pointless to reproduce it incorporated here. Leo and I would like to thank the many people who helped to make the meeting a success: at UBC) and Frank J. Kerr (Provost of MPSE C.V. Finnegan (Dean of Science at the University of Maryland) who welcomed the participants on behalf of the sponsoring Universities. Bart Bok who opened the scientific proceedings, and Maarten Schmidt who gave the closing summary. 412 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -I: Dedicated to the Memory of lawo Tabushi (1933¿1987).- Editorial.- Iwao Tabushi (1933¿1987).- New Molecular Shapes for Recognition and Catalysis.- The Preparation of Ribose-Free ¿Artificial Dinucleotides¿: A New Approach to Molecular Recognition .- Nucleotide Recognition by Macrocyclic Receptors.- Molecular Recognition in Camitine Acyltransferases.- Cyclophanes as Hosts for Aromatic and Aliphatic Guests.- Topics in Calixarene Chemistry.- Studies Directed Towards the Fabrication of a Synthetic Cationconducting Channel Based on Lariat Ethers: the Feeble Forces Concept for Self-assembly.- Cation Selective Complexation-Coloration with Chromophoric Crowns.- Molecular Recognition of Hydrophobic Ammonium Substrates by a Cationic Octopus Cyclophane Bearing Noncovalently Bound Pyridoxal-5 -phosphate: A Vitamin B6-Dependent Holoenzyme Model.- Molecular Recognition and Host¿Guest Interactions in Complexes of O-Bistren, C-Bistren, and Bisdien.- The Interactions of Surfactant Viologens with Cyclodextrins.- Artificial Hydrolase Using Modified Dimethyl- -cyclodextrin.- II: Dedicated to the Memory of James J. Christensen (1931¿1987).- James J. Christensen 1931¿1987.- Stable Silica Gel-Bound Crown Ethers. Selective Separation of Metal Ions and a Potential for Separations of Amine Enantiomers.- Inclusion Chemistry for the Modeling of Heme Proteins.- Progress Toward Artificial Metalloenzymes: New Ligands for Transition Metal Ions and Neutral Molecules.- Template Synthesis of Ligands for Highly Charged Metal Cations.- Polycarboxylate Crown Ethers: Synthesis, Complexation, Applications.- Chemistry and Functions of Recently Developed Macrocyclic Polyamines.- Molecular Recognition of Calixarene-Based Host Molecules.- Organic Clays. Synthesis and Structure of Na5[calix[4]arene sulfonate] ¿ 12 H2O, K5[calix[4]arene sulfonate] ¿ 8 H2O, Rb5[calix[4]arene sulfonate] ¿ 5 H2O, and Cs5[calix[4]arene sulfonate] ¿ 4 H2O.- Molecular Recognition by Macropolycyclic Hosts.- The Making of Molecular Belts and Collars.- Reaction Control by a Host¿Guest Complexation Method.- Electrochemical Switching in Reducible Lariat Ethers: from Cation Binding Enhancements to Electrochemically-Mediated Transport.- Multi-Functionalized Chiral Crown Ethers as Enzyme Models for the Synthesis of Peptides. Multiple Chiral Recognition in the Enzyme Model.- Author Index. 296 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Alexander von Humboldt Colloquium on Celestial Mechanics (sub titled 'The Stability of Planetary Systems') was held in Ramsau, Styria, in the Austrian Alps, from March the 25th to the 31st, 1984. The dedication of the meeting to Alexander von Humboldt presented partici pants with the challenge that the discussions during the week should reflect the spirit of that great scientist of the last century, that the very many interesting ideas presented and developed during the sessions should be interpreted in the light of a broad v~ew of astron omy and astrophysics. The topics of the meeting ranged from astrometric questions relating to the specification of inertial reference systems, motion of planets (including minor planets) and satellites, with the recurring topic of the search for criteria of stability of the systems, resonances, periodic orbits, and to the origin of the systems. Each session began with one or more invited review papers, followed by offered contributions and discussion. Three evening discussions were held, devoted respectively to inertial systems, to numerical integration techniques, and to cosmogonic problems and ring systems. On the evening of Wednesday, March 28th, a recital of chamber mus~c was given by Bernhard Piberauer, on the violin, and Meinhard Prinz, on the piano. 476 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The production of rice has increased considerably in recent years due to the release of improved varieties and the adoption of better fertilization practices. Nevertheless, the production and use of inorganic N fertilizer involves costly investments in terms of energy and transport, the need for complex manufacturing plants, as well as the potential for environmental pollution. The use of agricultural systems that include dinitrogen fixing organisms appears to be an economically sound cultural practice. In the particular case of rice, biological nitrogen fixation by Azolla, blue-green algae (BGA), and heterotrophic microorganisms has long been recognized, in southeast Asia, as a fertilizer for rice culture. The Azolla-Anabaena association has the unique property of being able to retain a significant amount of nitrogenase activity in the presence of combined nitrogen, making the system compatible with inorganic nitrogen fertilization. Researchers working with Azolla (N fixation) are dispersed in 2 countries of southeast Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America, making it difficult to share ideas, concepts and research results on a more personal basis. Considering the potential positive impact of growing rice in association with Azolla, and the lack, to date, of an international gathering of scientists dedicated to Azolla research, the First International Workshop on 'Practical Applications of Azolla for Rice Production' was organized by the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez Campus. 240 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The geometrical theory of nonlinear differential equations originates from classical works by S. Lie and A. Bäcklund. It obtained a new impulse in the sixties when the complete integrability of the Korteweg-de Vries equation was found and it became clear that some basic and quite general geometrical and algebraic structures govern this property of integrability. Nowadays the geometrical and algebraic approach to partial differential equations constitutes a special branch of modern mathematics. In 1993, a workshop on algebra and geometry of differential equations took place at the University of Twente (The Netherlands), where the state-of-the-art of the main problems was fixed. This book contains a collection of invited lectures presented at this workshop. The material presented is of interest to those who work in pure and applied mathematics and especially in mathematical physics. 356 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book comprises the essential records from a Boerhaave course given in June 1971 for specialists in cardiology and other fields of internal medicine interested in the subject of quantitation in cardiology. It is evident that in the wide field of medicine, and particularly in cardiology, there is a growing need for exact and detailed information in conjunction with existing diag nostic methods. This is apparent in the greater precision in anatomical and haemodynamic details required by the thoracic surgeon as the number of available heart operations gradually increases. In retrospect it is hardly surprising that the high initial mortality after the introduction of each operation depended to a large extent upon the degree of accuracy with which the diagnosis was made. Another urgent need for precise and quantitative information became apparent when monitoring of high-risk patients, in order to forestall compli cations and/or death, became routine. The same applies for the diagnostic procedures used to estimate the patient's chances of surviving an operation and/or rehabilitation after a serious incident, such as myocardial infarction. In these fields there is a vast amount of data to be handled and - in modern diagnostic procedures - it must be processed so rapidly that the human mind cannot suffice and computer equipment has becomeindispensable. 256 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -On the occasion of the International Conference on Cosmic Rays held in Kyoto in August 1979 five aged members of the cosmic ray fraternity, H. Elliot, V. L. Ginzburg, B. Peters, Y. Sekido, and J. A. Simpson met together as a dinner party devoted to the enjoyment of Japanese cuisine and reminiscences of our younger days. This pleasant occasion called to of our own age as well as some eminent seniors not present at the mind the many friends conference whose recollections would have further enriched and enlivened our evening. By the time the dinner came to an end we had agreed that the compilation of a more extensive collection of personal reminiscences would be an interesting and worthwhile undertaking. Accordingly, the next day we held an editorial meeting to draw up a list of potential authors and two of us, the present editors, started work on the project. In putting the book together our intention has been to try to capture and record through these personal accounts something of the atmosphere, the excitement and the frustrations of research in cosmic rays as experienced at first hand by some of the practi tioners in the field. It has never been our intention that it should comprise a systematic history of the subject. Neither, unfortunately, can it be a fully representative collection since practical limits to the size of the volume alone would preclude that. 464 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The food technologist who wishes to produce a gelled product is faced with two basic options for achieving the desired effect; whether to use a protein or a polysaccharide. Although a gel can be formed by either a protein or a polysaccharide, the resultant gels have different characteristics: - Polysaccharide gels are characterised by their fine texture and transparency which is achieved at a low polymer concentration. They can be formed by heating and cooling, pH adjustment or specific ion addition . - Protein gels are characterised by a higher polymer concentration (5-10%) and are formed almost exclusively by heat denaturation. Before reaching a final decision, the technologist must take a number of factors into consideration. The purpose of this book is to help the technologist in his choice by providing fundamental practical information, in one book, on the properties of gels (and factors which influence them) for both types of biopolymer. To help the reader, each chapter is (wherever possible) organised in the same way so that, for example, information on structure will always be available in section 2. The examples in the Applications section of each chapter are not meant to be exhaustive, but to illustrate the various ways in which the particular polymer can be used to form a gelled product. 492 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book was written to provide an integrated account of barley, induding its cultivation, nature and uses. An attempt has been made to cut across the unjustified and obstructive divisions between pure science, applied science, technology, botany, biochemistry, agronomy, and so on. Limitations of space preclude the use of more illustrative material or references, or even complete accounts of various topics. However sufficient information is given to enable the reader to understand the general principles and to find his or her way readily into the literature to obtain further information. Emphasis has been placed on general principles rather than details. In becoming familiar with the literature one becomes acquainted with the effects of the cereal or religion, the English language and the development of agriculture and biochemistry. The comparison between 'parallel literatures' is often stimulating also. For example one is forced to conclude that many of the agricultural problems of poor 'seed vigour' would be overcome if seedsmen used the maltsters techniques for breaking dormancy and speeding 'post-harvest maturation'. Barley is the world's fourth most important cereal after wheat, rice, and maize. It is the most widely cultivated, being grown from the equator to 700N (Scandinavia), from the humid regions of Europe and Japan to the Saharan and Asiatic Oases, and from below sea level in Palestine to high up mountains in the Himalayas, E. Africa and S. America. Some where in the world it is being sown or harvested at every time of the year. 636 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Functional diversity (FD) the value, range, and abundance of functional traits in a given community or ecosystem is increasingly accepted as a synthetic ecological concept that sheds light on ecosystem functioning. Standard tools for comparing FD across different ecosystems and for different ecosystem processes would be invaluable for supporting a better, more general understanding of the functional role of biodiversity in the provision of ecosystem services. Functional group richness and functional biodiversity indices have been proposed as standards for quantifying the functional diversity of communities and their components.This book synthesizes current methods used to quantify functional diversity, providing step-by-step examples for defining functional groups and estimating functional indices. The authors show how to compare communities, and how to analyze changes of diversity along environmental gradients, using real-life examples throughout. One section of the book demonstrates the selection of traits, and the standardization and characterization of ecosystem data. Another section presents methods used to quantify functional diversity, shows how to relate functional diversity with environmental variables and how to connect these to ecosystem services. The concluding section introduces FDiversity, a free program developed by the authors. The reader is guided through every step from software installation and basic functions, to sample and database design, to graphical projection methods, employing case study data to illustrate key concepts. 108 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The design and assessment of modern high temperature plant demands an understanding of the creep and rupture behaviour of materials under multi axial stress states. Examples include thread roots in steam turbine casing bolts, branch connections in nuclear pressure vessels and blade root fixings in gas or steam turbine rotors. At one extreme the simple notch weakening/notch strengthening characterization of the material by circumferentially vee-notched uniaxial rupture tests, as specified in many national standards, may be sufficient. These were originally intended to model thread roots and their conservatism is such that they frequently are considered adequate for design purposes. At the other extreme full size or model component tests may be employed to determine the safety margins built into design codes. This latter approach is most commonly used for internally pressurized components, particularly where welds are involved. However, such tests are extremely expensive and the use of modern stress analysis techniques combined with a detailed knowledge of multiaxial properties offers a more economic alternative. Design codes, by their nature, must ensure conservatism and are based on a material's minimum specified properties. In the case of high temperature components the extension of life beyond the nominal design figure, say from 100000 to 200000 h, offers very significant economic benefits. However, this may require a more detailed understanding of the multiaxial behaviour of a specific material than was available at the design stage. 380 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Technology transfer has a long history, but only recently has it become the subject of study and action. The rapid rate of scientific and technical advance in both Europe and the United States and the existence of large technology gaps among nations has brought the importance of the process into sharper focus, and has c~used technology transfer to have implications for countless aspects of both national and international develop ment. Technology transfer has been variously defined as: the process of information transfer between science, technology and actual utilization of scientific data and ideas, to wit: production of goods and services; the process by which science and technology are diffused throughout human activity; the transfer of research results into operations; the process by which technical information originating in one setting is adapted for use in another setting. Collectively, these and other definitions share a common theme which characterizes the process as one of bringing technology i'ilto widespread use in solving mankind's problems in the shortest practical time. The first NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Technology Transfer in July, 1973, brought together many of the individuals dealing with quantitative data, based on empirical research. This conference had both the advantages and disadvantages of a somewhat detached point of view. The ASI also had lectures contributed by representatives from government agencies and corporations (and a few university-based scholars) who had been active as practitioners or consultants in policy-making and organizational design for technology transfer. 484 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Manganese nodules were first discovered on the ocean floor 160 miles south-west of the Canary Islands on February 18, 1803, during the first complex oceano logical cruise of the Challenger. They surprised researchers by their unusual shape and also by their unusual chemical composition; nevertheless for many years after wards, they were considered merely as one of Nature's exotic marine tricks. After the Secpnd World War, a comprehensive investigation of the World Ocean started, and new data were obtained on a wide distribution of manganese nodules and their polymetallic composition, that made scientists consider nodules as one of the major characteristics of the deep oceanic zone. Recently, meaning since the 1960's, nodules have been recognized as a potential ore source, investigation of which is stimulated by the progressive depletion of land-based mineral resources. Several generations of scientists from various countries have contributed to the problem of exploration of manganese nodules on the ocean floor. Though the problem has been posed, it has not been solved yet because it required, in its turn, a scrutiny of some fundamental aspects such as composition, nature, accretion r'ate of nodules and retrieval of nodule fields. These problems have been discussed in thousands of papers and larger publications; see, in particulare, Mero, 1965; Horn, 1972; Morgenstein, 1973; Bezrukov, 1976; Glasby, 1977; Bischoff and Piper, 1979; Lalou, 1979; Manganese nodules, 1979; Varentsov, 1980; Cronan, 1980; Manganese nodules . . . , 1984, 1986. 356 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Contains 21 papers on the petroleum geology of the Netherlands, combining work by the industry, the Geological Survey and universities. The wide range of topics presented includes reservoir characterization through 3D seismic and borehole log evaluation of single oil and gas fields, as well as reviews of the hydrocarbon habitat in the West Netherlands Basin and of the regional Rotliegend facies distribution. Published in association with the Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands (KNGMG), which hosted the 1993 International Conference in the Hague of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. The papers were prepared for this conference. Audience: Staff engaged in hydrocarbon exploration and production in the North Sea area. Others who need to know about the results of this exploration and production in the Netherlands. 372 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In this book, the proceedings of the Third European Symposium on 'Analysis of Organic Micropollutants in Water', held in Oslo (Norway), from 19 to 21 September 1983, are presented. The symposium was organized within the framework of the Concerted Ac tion COST 64b bis \*, which has the same name and is included in the Third R&D Programme on Environment of the Commission of the European Communi ties - Indirect and Concerted Actions - 1981 to 1985. The aim of the symposium was to review the progress and results achiev ed during the past two years, since the Second symposium, held in Killarney (Ireland) in November 1981. The programme of the symposium consisted of review papers covering dif ferent areas related to the analysis of the organic pollutants in water, in cluding sampling and sample treatment, gas and liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and specific analytical problems for some types of compounds. We think that the volume gives a rather complete overview of these activities in Europe. Moreover, the paper presented by D. Hunt reviews the development of the new technique mass spectrometry - mass spectrometry in the United States of America. Some special sessions concerned the presentation of original contri butions in form of poster, the extended versions of which are published in this volume. 356 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Medicines Act 1968 together with its delegated legislation comprehensively controls the manufacture, packaging, labelling, distribution and promotion of medicines for both human and animal use in the United Kingdom. It also controls the import and export of such medicines. It replaced a patchwork of controls which evolved over a century. Since its enactment, more than 150 items of delegated legislation (orders and regulations) have been made under its provisions and about 130 are still operative. The sheer physical bulk of this mass of material causes difficulty, not only in comprehension but also in finding the detail so often required. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that some pieces of legislation have been amended several times. My principal aim is to provide a reference book which contains all of the provisions of the Act and its various orders, regulations as amended to date. The material is arranged to facilitate the search for detail. In order to assist the reader in finding his way through this maze, Chaper 1 consists of a survey of the situation which existed before the Act came into being, together with a synopsis of the present controls. This should enable the reader to appreciate the changes which have occurred and how the system works. 400 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -International trade is vital to the well-being of the international market. No textbook suited virtually every nation, because no nation is my purpose, so I set about to write one. capable of satisfying its material needs beyond the subsistence level entirely from domestic My first task was to define my terms-tar iffs, non-tariff barriers, shipping terminology, resources. As a nation's technology advances and edu etc. As this labor progressed over many cational levels improve, heavy industry and months, it became evident there was need for manufacturing are often supplanted by serv an encyclopedic reference work which fo ice industries, as evidenced by the economies cused upon international trade. My enquiries of Europe, North America, and Japan. The having divulged no similar work in English, I shift to a service economy increases import decided to concentrate efforts upon an reliance, especially in the areas of consumer encyclopedia. products and basic industrial commodities, In selecting entries, it was my intention to such as steel. This transition creates opportu provide the reader with a cross section of nities-in the form of new markets and lower terminology of the various aspects of interna unit costs-but also begets confrontation as tional trade-marketing, taxation, shipping, lower priced imports displace domestic work law, accounting, etc. Each entry, it is hoped, is ers, and charges of unfair competition congeal sufficiently descriptive to define the topic ade into protectionist policies. quately, without extraneous detail or digres Unfortunately, the process of international sion. 408 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -An international symposium on Monetary Conditions for Economic Recovery was organised in Amsterdam from 14-16 November 1984 by the Department of Macroeconomics, Faculty of Economics of the University of Amsterdam, to honour its distinguished member, Professor G. A. Kessler, who had recently retired from his Chair of Monetary Econo mics. Experts on monetary theory and monetary policy from various parts of the world took part in the discussions on both the theoretical and practical aspects of the theme. The papers have been collected in this volume. Our debts in organizing the symposium and preparing this volume for publication are many. The symposium was financed through the support of a number of sponsors whose names have been listed on the next page. The Netherlands Bank accommodated the conference sessions. The organizing Committee owes much to the successful efforts of its members Jean Morreau, Casper van Ewijk and Annette Deckers. We are grateful to the President of the Netherlands Bank for his intro ductory speech on the work of Professor Kessler, which is included in this volume. Wouter Zant assisted in editing the volume for publication. 352 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book grew out of a 'Doctorat D'Etat' thesis presented at the University of Dijon-Institut Mathematique Economiques (lME). It aims to show that quantity rationing theory provides the means of improving macroeconometric modelling in the study of struc tural changes. The empirical results presented in the last chapter (concerning Portuguese economy) and in the last Appendix (con cerning the French economy), although preliminary, suggested that the effort is rewarding and should be continued. My debts are many. An important part of the research work was accomplished during my visit to the Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (lNSEE, Paris), where I have beneficted from stimulating discussions (particularly with P. Villa) and infor matical support. I have also received comments and suggestions from R. Quandt, J.-J. Laffont, P. Kooiman and P.-Y. Henin. I am specially indebted to P. Balestra for encouraging and valuable discussions, particularly in the field of econometric methods. My thanks go also to an anonymous referee. His constructive criticism and suggestions resulted in a number of improvements to an earlier version of this book. I cannot forget my friend A. Costa from BP A (Porto) who has helped me in the preparation of this work. Last but not least, I would like to thank my wife for her encouragement and patience throughout these years. Of course, I am the only one responsible for any remaining errors. 276 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In this book I develop a theory of complexity for economics and manage ment sciences. This book is addressed to the mathematically or analytically oriented economist, psychologist or management scientist. It could also be of interest to engineers, computer scientists, biologists, physicists and ecologists who have a constant desire to go beyond the bounds of their respective disciplines. The unifying theme is: we live in a complex world, but how can we cope with complexity If the book has made the reader curious, and if he looks at modelling, problem recognition and problem solving within his field of competence in a more 'complex' way, it will have achieved its goal. The starting point is the recognition that complexity is a well-defined concept in mathematics (e.g. in topological dynamics), computer science, information theory and artificial intelligence. But it is a rather diffuse concept in other fields, sometimes it has only descriptive value or even worse, it is only used in a colloquial sense. The systematic investigation of complexity phenomena has reached a mature status within computer science. Indices of computer size, capacity and performance root ultimately in John von Neumann's paradigmatic model of a machine, though other 1 roots point to McCulloch and Pitts, not to forget Alan Turing. Offsprings of this development include: -complexity of formal systems and recursiveness; -cellular automata and the theory of self-reproducing machines; -theory of program or computational complexity; -theory of sequential machines; -problem solving, cognitive science, pattern recognition and decision processes. 244 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Perhaps Piet Creutzberg is and essentially always has been an artisan and an admirer of the best in craftmanship. The emphasis on the practical side of things seems to pervade whatever he undertook during half a century. Anyway, it is as a trader of the historical craft - wielding a Chinese abacus or an electronic computing devic- that, from about 1965 onwards, an increasing number of younger students of Indonesian social, economic and political history have met him in the depot of the 20th century colonial archives in The Hague or at the Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam. Of the scores of Dutch, Indonesian, British, Scandinavian, German, American, Australian and Japanese historians he inspired and advised some were writing a master's thesis, others had already made part of their academic career in Indonesian history or related topics, but most of them were in the critical phases of collecting published or archival materials with a view to their incorporation in doctoral dissertations. 320 pp. Englisch.…