springer nov 1991 (268 risultati)

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - One Systems, Processes and the Role of Process Control Hardware.- 1 Signals, systems and process control.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 A system approach to process control systems.- 1.3 Signals.- 1.4 Systems.- 1.5 The basic analytical concept of process control systems.- References.- 2 The basic process unit.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The basic process unit.- 2.3 Basic process unit data processing.- 2.4 Process hardware for data input.- 2.5 Process hardware for data output.- 2.6 Auxiliary data for process control.- References.- 3 Stratification of control tasks and data communication.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Stratification of computer tasks.- 3.3 Control levels and computer input/output hardware.- 3.4 Characteristics of process control computer systems.- 3.5 A survey of process control computer hardware.- 3.6 Communication codes and circuits.- 3.7 Channel capacity.- 3.8 Types of connection and communication hardware.- 3.9 Practical suggestions and recommendations.- 3.10 Open-ended communication in process control.- 3.11 Communication of smart process devices.- References.- Two The Role of Software in Process Control Systems.- 4 The relative roles of software and hardware.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Data processing.- 4.3 Software for process control data processing.- 4.4 Software versus hardware.- References.- 5 System software.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Basic concepts of real-time operating systems.- 5.3 Structure and functions of real-time operating systems.- 5.4 Data and symbols for the operating systems.- 5.5 System software.- 5.6 Cost, safety and reliability of operating system software.- References.- 6 Application programs and databases.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Application program tasks.- 6.3 Structure and timing requirement of application programs.- 6.4 Database and basic process software.- 6.5 Distributed database.- 6.6 Extended real-time software.- References.- Three The Man-Machine Interface.- 7 Reduction and visualization of data and procedures.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Operator-system communication.- 7.3 Visualization and data logging.- 7.4 Recognition of process states.- References.- 8 Process management and control.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Process states.- 8.3 Operator/process interaction - actions, commands and timing.- 8.4 Process protection and automatic actions.- References.- 9 The role of the operator in process control systems.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Formalization of the operator's role.- 9.3 Artificial inferencing tools - expert systems for process supervision and diagnostics.- 9.4 Controlling the operator's work using a process control system.- 9.5 The operator's reaction to process control systems.- 9.6 The limits of the operator's function.- References.- Four System Design.- 10 The feasibility study.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Data volumes and flows.- 10.3 Stratification of process control and basic system design.- 10.4 Cost/benefit analysis.- 10.5 Benefits.- References.- 11 Computer control system design.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Communication design.- 11.3 Data transmission units.- 11.4 Designing control and dispatching centres.- 12 Cost-effective system selection.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Buying and testing hardware.- 12.3 Designing and testing software.- 12.4 Human factors in system assembly.- 12.5 Programming teams.- References.- 13 The integrated approach.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Mounting and installation procedure.- 13.3 Testing and reliability.- 13.4 System commissioning.- 13.5 Commissioning and safety.- 13.6 Training personnel.- 13.7 Maintenance.- References.- Author index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1. An Introductory Review.- 2. Fabrication Techniques for Submicron Devices.- 3. Heterojunctions and Interfaces.- 4. Semiclassical Carrier Transport Models.- 5. Transient Hot-Carrier Transport.- 6. Alloys and Superlattices.- 7. The Electron-Electron Interaction.- 8. Lateral Surface Superlattices.- 9. Quantum Transport in Small Structures.- 10. Noise in Submicron Devices.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Comparative fore-gut morphology of Antarctic Amphipoda (Crustacea) adapted to different food sources.- Methods for the study of amphipod swimming: behavior, morphology, and fluid dynamics.- Is the oostegite structure of amphipods determined by their phylogeny or is it an adaptation to their environment .- The distribution and frequency of the type II microtrichs in somen gammaridean amphipods.- What can vicariance biogeographic models tell us about the distributional history of subterranean amphipods .- Actual state of gammaridean taxonomy and catalogue of species from Chile.- Gammaridean and caprellidean fauna from Brazil.- Amphipods from hydrotechnical structures in the north-western part of the Black Sea.- Structure of a suprabenthic shelf sub-community of gammaridean Amphipoda in the Bay of Fundy compared with similar sub-communities in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.- Amphipod crustaceans as an important component of zoobenthos of the shallow Antarctic sublittoral.- Patterns of abundance of exoedicerotid amphipods on sandy beaches near Sydney, Australia.- Local distributions of sandhoppers and landhoppers (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) in the coastal zone of western Tasmania.- Ingestion of live filamentous diatoms by the Great Lakes amphipod, Diporeia sp.: a case study of the limited value of gut contents analysis.- A comparison of water loss and gill areas in two supralittoral amphipods from New Zealand.- Lack of oxygen and low pH as limiting factors for Gammarus in Hessian brooks and rivers.- Volumetric growth in gammaridean Amphipoda.- Respiration of Orchomene plebs (Hurley, 1965) and Waldeckia obesa (Chevreux, 1905) from Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands, Antarctic).- Eco-physiological characteristics of some common caprellid species in the Possjet Bay (Japan Sea).- A review of the reproductive bionomics of aquatic gammaridean amphipods: variation of life history traits with latitude, depth, aquatic salinity and superfamily.- Two types of maternal care for juveniles observed in Caprella monoceros Mayer, 1890 and Caprella decipiens Mayer, 1890 (Amphipoda: Caprellidae).- Tube-building behavior in Grandidierella, and two species of Cerapus.- Precopulatory mating behavior and sexual dimorphism in the amphipod Crustacea.- Redescription of Caprogrammarus gurjanovae Kudrjaschov & Vassilenko, 1966 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Hokkaido, Japan, with notes on the taxonomic status of Caprogammarus.- A new marine interstitial ingolfiellid (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Ingolfiellidea) from Tenerife and Hierro.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1. Introduction.- 1.1 The significance of low temperatures.- 1.2 The Third Law of Thermodynamics.- 1.3 Liquefaction of gases.- 1.4 Solids at low temperatures.- 1.5 Liquid helium.- 1.6 Macroscopic quantization.- 2. Phonons.- 2.1 The model of a solid at low temperatures.- 2.2 Phonon modes and propagation.- 2.3 Thermal properties.- 2.4 Lattice anharmonicity.- 2.5 Scattering of photons.- 2.6 Solid helium-a quantum solid.- 2.7 Phonons and disorder.- 3. Electrons.- 3.1 Electrons in solids.- 3.2 Studies of Fermi surfaces.- 3.3 Transport properties of metals.- 3.4 Scattering of electrons in metals.- 3.5 Semiconductors and localization.- 3.6 Low-dimensional electron systems.- 4. Superconductivity.- 4.1 The transition to the superconducting state.- 4.2 Thermal properties.- 4.3 Electric, magnetic and electrodynamic properties.- 4.4 Theory of superconductivity.- 4.5 Consequences of the BCS theory.- 4.6 Josephson effects.- 4.7 Type II superconductivity.- 4.8 Superconductivity in non-standard systems.- 4.9 High-temperature superconductors.- 5. Liquid helium-4.- 5.1 Influence of Bose-Einstein statistics.- 5.2 Two-fluid properties.- 5.3 Wave propagation.- 5.4 Superfluidity and excitations.- 5.5 Quantized vortices in HeII.- 5.6 The HeII surface and creeping superfluid films.- 5.7 Critical velocities.- 5.8 Other boson fluids.- 6. Liquid helium-3 and3He-4He solutions.- 6.1 Influence of Fermi-Dirac statistics.- 6.2 Properties of normal liquid 3He.- 6.3 The Landau theory of liquid 3He.- 6.4 Superfluid phases of 3He.- 6.5 Liquid 3He-4He solutions.- 6.6 Other fermion fluids.- 7. Experimental methods at low temperatures.- 7.1 Principles of cryostat design.- 7.2 Cooling with 4He.- 7.3 Cooling with 3He.- 7.4 Magnetic cooling.- 7.5 Thermometry and instrumentation.- 8. Applications.- 8.1 Uses of low temperatures.- 8.2 High-current and magnetic-field applications of superconductivity.- 8.3 Low-temperature electronics.- 8.4 Uses of liquefied gases.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Some Problems in Limb Development.- The Molecular Basis of Limb Patterning: A Review.- Expression of the Msh-like Homeobox-containing Genes During Mouse Limb Development.- The Limb Deformity Gene Encodes Evolutionarily Highly Conserved Proteins.- The Role of Homeobox Genes in Amphibian Limb Development and Regeneration.- Homeobox-Containing Genes and Gap Junctional Communication in Pattern Formation During Chick Limb Development.- Functional Studies of Genes in the Limb.- Hox-7: Temporal Patterns of Expression in Normal and Limbless Chick Embryos.- Expression Profile of Two Homeobox Genes During Chicken Embryogenesis.- Characterisation of Three Zebrafish Genes Related to Hox-7.- A Comparison of the Expression Domains of the Murine Hox-4, RARs and CRABP Genes Suggest Possible Functional Relationships During Patterning of the Vertebrate Limb.- Retinoic Acid Nuclear Receptors.- The Role of Retinoic Acid and Cellular Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein in the Regenerating Amphibian Limb.- Retinoic Acid Treatment Alters the Pattern of Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta Expression in the Embryonic Chick Limb.- Expression Pattern of an RXR Nuclear Receptor Gene in the Chick Embryo.- Retinoic Acid and Limb Pattern Formation in Cell Culture.- Growth Factors Produced by the Polarising Zone - a Complement to the Retinoic Acid System.- Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Retinoid Action in Limb Pattern Formation.- Position-Dependent Properties of Limb Cells.- Retinoic Acid and Limb Patterning and Morphogenesis.- Does Retinoic Acid Organise a Limb or Induce a ZPA .- Retinoic Acid Effects on Experimental Chick Wing Buds: Patterns of Cell Death and Skeletogenesis.- A Comparison of Reaction Diffusion and Mechanochemical Models for Limb Development.- The Pathway of Polarising Activity from Hensen's Node to the Wing Bud in the Chick Embryo.- Extracellular Matrix in Early Limb Development.- Molecular Heterogeneity of Chondroitin Sulphate in the Developing Chick Limb.- Special Properties of the AER/Mesenchyme Interface in the Chick Wing Bud: Analysis of ECM Molecules and Integrin Receptors.- Physical Forces and Pattern Formation in Limb Development.- Extracellular Material Organization and Long Tendon Formation in the Chick Leg Autopodium. In Vivo and In Vitro Study.- Hyaluronan-Cell Interactions in Limb Development.- The Role of the Transforming Growth Factor-ß (TGF-ß) Family, Extracelluiar Matrix and Gap Junctional Communication in Limb Cartilage Differentiation.- Vascular Involvement in Cartilage and Bone Development.- Patterning of Connective Tissues in the Regenerating Amphibian Limb.- The Interdigital Spaces of the Chick Leg Bud as a Model for Analysing Limb Morphogenesis and Cell Differentiation.- A 'Packaging Model' of Limb Development.- The Somite-Muscle Relationship in the Avian Embryo.- Observations Concerning the Control of Directed Myogenic Cell Migration.- Extracellular Matrix and Muscle Formation.- Control of Muscle Morphogenesis and Endplate Pattern in Limb Muscles of Avian Chimeras.- Review of the Extracellular Matrix in Relation to Limb Development.- Evolution of Connective and Skeletal Tissues.- Developmental Approaches to the Problem of Transformation of Limb Structure in Evolution.- New Palaeontological Contributions to Limb Ontogeny and Phylogeny.- The Fin-Limb Transformation: Palaeontological and Embryological Evidence.- The Development of the Teleost Fin and Implications for our Understanding of Tetrapod Limb Evolution.- Phylogenetically Ancient Pattern in Ontogenesis of Limb Muscles.- Mutation and Limb Evolution.- Insights into Limb Development and Pattern Formation from Studies of the Limbless and Talpid2 Chick Mutants.- Proximal Elements in the Vertebrate Limb: Evolutionary and Developmental Origin of the Pectoral Girdle.- Evolutionary Transformation of Limb Pattern: Heterochrony and Secondary Fusion.- Plasticity in Skeletal Development: Knee-Joint Morphology in Fibula-Deficient Chick Embryos.- The Implications of 'The Bauplan' f.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - As the computer gradually automates human-oriented tasks in multiple environ ments, the interface between computers and the ever-wider population of human users assumes progressively increasing importance. In the office environment, for instance, clerical tasks such as document filing and retrieval, and higher-level tasks such as scheduling meetings, planning trip itineraries, and producing documents for publication, are being partially or totally automated. The range of users for office oriented software includes clerks, secretaries, and businesspersons, none of whom are predominantly computer literate. The same phenomenon is echoed in the factory production line, in the securities trading floor, in government agencies, in educa tional institutions, and even in the home. The arcane command languages of yes teryear have proven too high a barrier for smooth acceptance of computerized func tions into the workplace, no matter how useful these functions may be. Computer naive users simply do not take the time to learn intimidating and complex computer interfaces. In order to place the functionality of modem computers at the disposition of diverse user populations, a number of different approaches have been tried, many meeting with a significant measure of success, to wit: special courses to train users in the simpler command languages (such as MS-DOS), designing point-and-click menu/graphics interfaces that require much less user familiarization (illustrated most clearly in the Apple Macintosh), and interacting with the user in his or her language of choice.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Gertrudis Van de Vijver Seminar of Logic and Epistemology University of Ghent Before being classified under the fashionable denominators of complexity and chaos, self-organization and autonomy were intensely inquired into in the cybernetic tradition. Despite all rejections that cybernetics has gone through in the second half of this century, today its importance is more and more recognized. Its decisive influence for connectionist theories, autopoietic and constructivist theories, for different forms of applied or experimental epistemology, is being more and more understood and generally accepted. It is mainly due to the success of connectionist models that we observe today a revival of interest for cybernetics. The 1943 article by McCulloch and Pitts is evidently a founding article. Cybernetics has however a much broader interest than the one linked to technical-mathematical details relevant to the construction of networks. For instance, the evolution from first to second order cybernetics, the ways of approaching biological and cognitive phenomena in the latter and the limits that were formulated there, are particularly meaningful to understand current developments and divergences in connectionism. A nuanced picture of cybernetic's history and its present state is therefore clearly epistemologically essential.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This collection of essays is dedicated to 'Joe' Karel Lambert. The contributors are all personally affected to Joe in some way or other, but they are definitely not the only ones. Whatever excuses there are - there are some -, the editors apologize to whomever they have neglected. But even so the collection displays how influential Karel Lambert has been, personally and through his teaching and his writings. The display is in alphabetical order - with one exception: Bas van Fraassen, being about the earliest student of Karel Lambert, opens the collection with some reminiscences. Naturally, one of the focal points of this volume is Lambert's logical thinking and (or: freed of) ontological thinking. Free logic is intimately connected with description theory. Bas van Fraassen gives a survey of the development of the area, and Charles Daniels points to difficulties with definite descriptions in modal contexts and stories. Peter Woodruff addresses the relation between free logic and supervaluation semantics, presenting a novel condition which recovers desirable metatheoretic properties for free logic under that semantics. Terence Parsons shows how free logic can be utilized in interpreting sentences as purporting to denote events (true ones succeed and false ones fail) and how this helps to understand natural language.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Heidegger and the Formalization of Thought.- The Justification of Logic and Mathematics in Husserl's Phenomenology.- On Husserl's Distinction between State of Affairs (Sachverhalt) and Situation of Affairs (Sachlage).- On Situations and States of Affairs.- Modalization and Modalities.- Remarks on Modalization and Modalities.- Husserl's Formalism.- Mathematics as a Transcendental Science.- Mathematics and the Task of Phenomenology.- 'Tertium Non Datur:' Husserl's Conception of a Definite Multiplicity.- Psychologism Revisited.- Some Reflections on Psychologism.- How Mathematical Foundation all but come about: A Report on Studies Toward a Phenomenological Critique of Gödel's Views on Mathematical Intuition.- On Geometric Intentionality.- Sentences which are True in Virtue of their Color.- Willard and Husserl on Logical Form.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In order to design and build computers that achieve and sustain high performance, it is essential that reliability issues be considered care fully. The problem has several aspects. Certainly, considering reliability implies that an engineer must be able to analyze how design decisions affect the incidence of failure. For instance, in order design reliable inte gritted circuits, it is necessary to analyze how decisions regarding design rules affect the yield, i.e., the percentage of functional chips obtained by the manufacturing process. Of equal importance in producing reliable computers is the detection of failures in its Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit components, caused by errors in the design specification, implementation, or manufacturing processes. Design verification involves the checking of the specification of a design for correctness prior to carrying out an implementation. Implementation verification ensures that the manual design or automatic synthesis process is correct, i.e., the mask-level description correctly implements the specification. Manufacture test involves the checking of the complex fabrication process for correctness, i.e., ensuring that there are no manufacturing defects in the integrated circuit. It should be noted that all the above verification mechanisms deal not only with verifying the functionality of the integrated circuit but also its performance.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - CASE Technology presents a collection of papers pertaining to the automation of the software development process. The expectations for computer-aided software engineering (CASE) have been great, but the potential of CASE has not yet been fully realized. Now, with the availability of CASE tools and technologies, software automation is beginning to achieve success. This collection focuses on the integration of tools within a CASE environment.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In 1964, the Fertilization and Gamete Physiology Research Training Program (FERGAP) was established at the Marine Biological Laboratories, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Over the course of the next 12 years, under the directorship of Dr. Charles B. Metz, FERGAP brought together, trained, and inspired a generation of students in reproductive biology from all over the world. As students of C. B. Metz and as FERGAP trainees, we would like to dedicate this collected work on comparative mammalian fertilization to our teacher and mentor, Dr. Charles B. Metz. Like a number of authors contributing to this volume, we have been struck by the significant impact that C. B. Metz and FERGAP had on the development of students of reproductive biology. Applying both the classical and molecular techniques of cell biology and immunology to problems of gamete biology, Dr. Metz emphasized a comparative and analytical approach that was reflected in his own research on fertilization in Paramecia, sea urchins, frogs, and mammals. It is hoped that this volume will serve to stimulate students to discover the myriad of fascinating research problems in gamete and reproductive biology. Bonnie S. Dunbar Michael G. O'Rand Houston, Texas Chapel Hill, North Carolina ix Contents Part I COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF MAMMALIAN GAMETES The Coevolution of Mammalian Gametes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 J. Michael Bedford I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Gamete Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1. Monotremes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Marsupials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. Eutherians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3. Gamete Maturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .1. Oocyte Maturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Sperm Maturation in the Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . .

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - of progress has been made in the development of In the last twenty years a great amount new magnetic materials. Permanent magnets have progressed from the AlNiCo's (with (BH)m-8 MGOe) to the strong rare-earth magnets of SmCo 'BH)m-20 MGOe), Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zrh7 s 'BH)m-30 MGOe) and the recently discovered Nd-Fe-B super-magnets with (BH)m-50 MGOe. For years the magnetic storage industry has employed Fe0 and CrO for storage media and 2 3 z permalloys and ferrites for recording heads. The recent development of thin film heads, the demand of higher density of information storage and the emergence of completely new technologies, like magneto-optics, call for entirely new types of magnetic materials. Another area in which new techniques of materials preparation have made a dramatic impact is the epitaxial growth of magnetic films. Recent work has shown that this process can be controlled on the scale of atomic monolayers permitting the growth of totally artificial structures, such as artificial superlattices with a resolution on this scale. Epitaxial growth has also permitted the stabilization of metastable phases in thin film form. These new phases often possess striking properties, such as strong perpendicular anisotropies, which may prove useful for technological applications such as recording. Research on magnetic multilayers and superlattices is increasing at an accelerating pace. Complex couplings between different magnetic layers lead to new properties not seen in bulk materials.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) composite materials are basically of two types. The first type is short fibres reinforced in a plastic matrix, and the other type continuous (long) fibres reinforced in a plastic matrix. The exact distinction between a short and a continuous fibre is discussed in Chapter 1. Continuous fibre-reinforced composite materials are referred to by many labels: FRP composites, advanced composites, fibrous composites, composite materials or simply composites. These terms are now generally accepted to mean the same type of material, namely, continuous fibre reinforced in plastic. In this book, the term fibrous composites is used to define a continuous fibre reinforced in plastic. Fibrous composites are presently in use for a variety of structural applica tions, and may offer an alternative to conventional metallic materials. The behaviour of fibrous composites subjected to a loading condition is very different from that of a metallic isotropic material. Therefore, 'new' analytical and testing methods are required to analyse a structural element and sections made from layered fibrous composites. There are a number of books written on the subject of composite materials. All of these are excellent in their content and achieve the authors' objectives.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Cardiac disease is the major cause of death in dialysis patients, accounting for over one third of deaths. This book focuses on myocardial function and dysfunction in chronic uremia. It is aimed at practicing and training nephrologists, cardiologists, and internists, and at research workers in the field. We have tried to produce an up-to-date, in-depth review of the subject by inviting experts in clinical epidemiology, pathophysiology, and thera peutics to write the 18 chapters. The book is divided into three sections. The first section comprises five chapters that provide an overview of the burden of illness associated with cardiac disease in end-stage renal disease and a review of clinical epidemi ological aspects of various cardiac diseases that occur in renal patients. The second section discusses abnormalities of left ventricular contractility and mass, and the factors that predispose to both systolic and diastolic disorders. The importance of hypertension, anemia, hyperparathyroidism, hyper lipidemia, and diabetes mellitus in predisposing to these abnormalities is reviewed splendidly by researchers active in these areas. The final section concentrates on therapeutics. Data and opinion on management of congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and arrhythmias are provided. In editing this book, we have reviewed an extensive literature, but un fortunately we have become more aware that substantial gaps in our knowl edge exist. Insufficient high-quality clinical research has been undertaken xiii xiv Preface regarding the various cardiac diseases that occur in end-stage renal disease.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book contains a selection of papers presented at the 'European Robotics and Intelligent Systems Conference' (EURISCON '91) held in Corfu. Greece (June 23-28. 1991). It is devoted to the analysis. design and applications of technological systems with built-in intelligence achieved through appropriate blending of mathematical, symbolic. sensing. computer processing. and feedback control concepts. methods and software / hardware tools. System intelligence includes human-like capabilities such as learning. observation. perception. interpretation. reasoning. planning. decision making. and action. Integrated intelligent decision and control systems obey Saridis' prinCiple of Increasing Precision with Decreasing Intelligence (IPDI). and have a hierarchical structure with three basic levels. namely Organization. Coordination. and Execution Levels. As we proceed from the organization to the execution level. the precision about the jobs to be completed increases and accordingly the intelligence reqUired for these jobs decreases. As an example. it is mentioned here that in an intelligent robotic system the organization tasks can be realized using a neural net. the coordination tasks by a Petri net. and the execution tasks by local sensors and actuators. The field of intelligent systems is a new interdisciplinary field with continuously increasing interest and expansion. It is actually the outcome of the synergetic interaction and cooperation of classical fields such as system theory. control theory. artificial intelligence. operational research. information theory. electronics. communications. and others.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book consists of papers prepared for and presented at a NATO sponsored Advanced Study Institute which was held in Montechoro, Portugal during the period 16-27 April, 1990. This Institute was attended by approximately ninety delegates from fifteen countries and followed from a related Institute held in Vimeiro, Portugal in 1987 (see the book entitled 'Instrumentation for Combustion and Flow in Engines', edited by D. F. G. Dur~o, J. H. Whitelaw and P. O. Witzel. The purposes of the first Institute related closely to instrumentation for use in gas-turbine combustors and the cylinders of internal-combustion engines. These topics were also addressed in the second Institute, though in a manner which was wider ranging and chosen to demonstrate and explain the development and application of measurement methods to combusting flows in general. The papers contained in this boo~ were selected to provide the reader with a comprehensive and up-to-date view of the variety of experimental techniques available to measure in combusting flows. Included are discussions of their range and applicability, potential accuracy and ease of use. Thus, the first paper provides a brief overview and the second an indication of those aspects of combustion which should influence the choice of flow property to be measured and the technique to be used.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Research and publications on the potato crop have burgeoned since the first edition of this book was published in 1978. However, the warm reception of the first edition suggested that it had a useful part to play in promoting the scientific basis for understanding and improving the yield and quality of the crop. Since the first edition was out of print and a second reprint would not have taken into account the contributions made by research over the intervening years, it became obvious that a complete revision was necessary. There was, in particular, a need to take account of the rapid extension of interest in the crop into climates and farming systems with which it has not been traditionally associa,ted. Those involved with the crop will be sadly aware that a number of contributors to the first edition are no longer with us. Their contribution to our knowledge of the crop will however be a permanent legacy of their achievement. I would like to thank all those who have contributed to the book for their willingness to cooperate in the difficult task of bringing their particular subject up to date. This is even more noteworthy for the pressure of time appears to be almost an order of magnitude higher than it was when the first edition was tackled.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Addressed to all readers with an interest in fractals, hyperspaces, fixed-point theory, tilings and nonstandard analysis, this book presents its subject in an original and accessible way complete with many figures. The first part of the book develops certain hyperspace theory concerning the Hausdorff metric and the Vietoris topology, as a foundation for what follows on self-similarity and fractality. A major feature is that nonstandard analysis is used to obtain new proofs of some known results much more slickly than before. The theory of J.E. Hutchinson's invariant sets (sets composed of smaller images of themselves) is developed, with a study of when such a set is tiled by its images and a classification of many invariant sets as either regular or residual. The last and most original part of the book introduces the notion of a 'view' as part of a framework for studying the structure of sets within a given space. This leads to new, elegant concepts (defined purely topologically) of self-similarity and fractality: in particular, the author shows that many invariant sets are 'visually fractal', i.e. have infinite detail in a certain sense. These ideas have considerable scope for further development, and a list of problems and lines of research is included. 180 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -AIDS and drug addiction is a topic of great and growing concern. AIDS first appeared among intravenous drug users in Europe in 1984, three years after the first cases were seen among homosexuals. This epidemic has spread more rapidly among intravenous drug users than in any other risk group. The high rates of HIV-1 seroprevalence among drug users in France, Italy, and Spain account for 85% of the total number of AIDS in intravenous drug users in Europe. It is anticipated that HIV-infected drug users will soon place a heavy burden on both drug treatment facilities and specialized health care units. The HIV-1 epidemic will also cross the former iron curtain. This contribution covers the wide and complex scene of drug problems and addiction as a whole. It gives researchers an opportunity to obtain background information on the spread of HIV and AIDS among intravenous drug users as well as on the clinical and psychological effects of HIV-1 infection and AIDS in Europe. The topics reviewed include surveys of intravenous drug use, HIV prevalence, detoxification, risk reduction, changing health behaviors, evaluating AIDS interventions and the impact of methadone maintenance treatment. This monograph will be of value to all clinicians, researchers, and policy makers who are concerned with the connection between intravenous drug use and AIDS. Die Ausbreitung von HIV und AIDS unter Drogensüchtigen wird auch in Europa zu einem zunehmend größeren Problem. Dieses Buch gibt einen breiten Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Stand der therapeutischen Strategien. 444 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Crypto '90 marked the tenth anniversary of the Crypto conferences held at the University of California at Santa Barbara. The conference was held from August 11 to August 15, 1990 and was sponsored by the International Association for Cryptologic Research, in cooperation with the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Security and Privacy and the Department of Computer Science of the University of California at Santa Barbara. 227 participants from twenty countries around the world. Crypto '90 attracted Roughly 35% of attendees were from academia, 45% from industry and 20% from government. The program was intended to provide a balance between the purely theoretical and the purely practical aspects of cryptography to meet the needs and diversified interests of these various groups. The overall organization of the conference was superbly handled by the general chairperson Sherry McMahan. All of the outstanding features of Crypto, which we have come to expect over the years, were again present and, in addition to all of this, she did a magnificent job in the preparation of the book of abstracts. This is a crucial part of the program and we owe her a great deal of thanks. 664 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume contains the papers from the first British Neural Network Society meeting held at Queen Elizabeth Hall, King's College, London on 18--20 April 1990. The meeting was sponsored by the London Mathemati cal Society. The papers include introductory tutorial lectures, invited, and contributed papers. The invited contributions were given by experts from the United States, Finland, Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom. The majority of the contributed papers came from workers in the United Kingdom. The first day was devoted to tutorials. Professor Stephen Grossberg was a guest speaker on the first day giving a thorough introduction to his Adaptive Resonance Theory of neural networks. Subsequent tutorials on the first day covered dynamical systems and neural networks, realistic neural modelling, pattern recognition using neural networks, and a review of hardware for neural network simulations. The contributed papers, given on the second day, demonstrated the breadth of interests of workers in the field. They covered topics in pattern recognition, multi-layer feedforward neural networks, network dynamics, memory and learning. The ordering of the papers in this volume is as they were given at the meeting. On the final day talks were given by Professor Kohonen (on self organising maps), Professor Kurten (on the dynamics of random and structured nets) and Professor Cotterill (on modelling the visual cortex). Dr A. Mayes presented a paper on various models for amnesia. The editors have taken the opportunity to include a paper of their own which was not presented at the meeting. 320 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The research described in this monograph concerns the formalspecification and compositional verification of real-timesystems. A real-time programminglanguage is considered inwhich concurrent processes communicate by synchronousmessage passing along unidirectional channels. To specifiyfunctional and timing properties of programs, two formalismsare investigated: one using a real-time version of temporallogic, called Metric Temporal Logic, and another which isbasedon extended Hoare triples. Metric Temporal Logicprovides a concise notationto express timing properties andto axiomatize the programming language, whereas Hoare-styleformulae are especially convenient for the verification ofsequential constructs. For both approaches a compositionalproof system has been formulated to verify that a programsatisfies a specification. To deduce timing properties ofprograms, first maximal parallelism is assumed, modeling thesituation in which each process has itsown processor. Next,this model is generalized to multiprogramming where severalprocesses may share a processor and scheduling is based onpriorities. The proof systems are shown to be sound andrelatively complete with respect to a denotational semanticsof the programming language. The theory is illustrated by anexample of a watchdog timer. 252 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -One service mathematics has rendered the 'Et moi, '0' si j'avait su oomment en revenir. human race. It has put common sense back je n'y serais point aile:' Jules Verne where it belongs. on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded n- sense'. The series is divergent; therefore we may be able to do something with it. Eric T. Bell O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics . .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science . .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics . .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'el:re of this series. 216 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The book aims at giving the methodological framework for design decision support systems. Several applications are also described in detail, ranging from environment control, production planning, transportation planning. The book is of special interest to operations researchers, environment specialists, production planners, and transportation engineers. 332 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume contains selected papers from the symposium 'NewResults and NewTrends in Computer Science' held in Graz,Austria, June 20-21, 1991. The symposium was organized togive a wide-ranging overview of new work in the field on theoccasion of the fiftieth birthday of the editor of thevolume.Topics covered include: information on neural nets, ideas ona new paradigm for informatics, hypermedia systems andapplications, axioms for concurrent processes, techniquesfor image generation and compression, the role of datavisualization, object-oriented programming andgraphics,algorithms for layout compaction, new methods in databasesystems, the future of data networks, object-orientedartificial intelligence, problems in data structures andsorting, aspects of user interfaces, a theory of structures,applications of cryptography, evaluation of Ada, results inalgorithmic geometry, remarks on the history of computers,and a novel interpretation of machine learning.In total, the 26 high-level contributions authored byprominent experts from all over the world give anup-to-date survey of almost all subfields of computerscience. The book is written in a style which is easy tofollow, and it is of interest for any computer scientist, beit in research, teaching or practice. 420 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume presents the proceedings of the Second AnnualInternational Symposium on Algorithms held at AcademiaSinica, Taipei, Republic of China, December 16-18, 1991. Thesymposium was organized by the Institute of InformationScience, Academia Sinica, and the National Tsing HuaUniversity.In response to the program committee's call for papers, 90papers were submitted, from which the committee selected 36for presentation at the symposium. In addition to thesecontributed papers, the symposium included 5 invited talks.The subjects of the papers range widely in the area ofdiscrete algorithms, over such topics as computationalgeometry, graph algorithms, complexity theory, parallelalgorithms, distributed computing and computational algebra. 412 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In this monograph the local disturbance decoupling problemwith stability istreated for nonlinear systems. Thisproblem consists in finding a (dynamic) state feedback for agiven control system with two kinds of inputs, viz.controlled inputs and (uncontrolled) disturbances such thatafter application of this feedback the outputs are notinfluenced by the disturbances and the resulting internaldynamics are locally exponentially stable. In case onlystatic state feedback is allowed two essentially differentsolutions are obtained, viz. a fundamental one and a moreproblem-oriented one. Both methods generalize well-knownsolutions for linear systems. In the last chapter a solutionis found in case dynamic state feedback is allowed. Here atypical nonlinear phenomenon is pointed out, namely thatthere exist nonlinear systems for which the disturbancedecoupling problem (with stability) can be solved byapplying dynamic feedback, but not by using static feedback.The bookis intended for researchers in mathematicalnonlinear systems theory. Geometric techniques play a keyrole in the book. Therefore, in Chapter 6 algebraictechniques are recalled and used. 148 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Contents: G. Alexopoulos : Parabolic Harnack inequalities and Riesz transforms on Lie groups of polynomial growth.- H. Arai: Harmonic analysis with respect to degenerate Laplacian on strictly pseudoconvex domains.- J.M. Ash, R. Brown: Uniqueness and nonuniqueness for harmonic functions with zero nontangential limits.- A. Carbery, E. Hernández, F.Soria: Estimates for the Kakeya maximal operator on radial functions in Rn.- S.-Y.A. Chang, P.C. Yang : Spectral invariants of conformal metrics.- M. Christ: Remarks on the breakdown of analycity for b and Szegö kernels.- R. Coifman, S. Semmes : L2 estimates in nonlinear Fourier analysis.- Dinh Dung : On optimal recovery of multivariate periodic functions.- S.A.A. Emara: A class of weighted inequalities.- G.I. Gaudry : Some singular integrals on the affine group.- J.-P. Kahane: From Riesz products to random sets.- T. Kawazoe : A model of reduction in harmonic analysis on real rank 1 semisimple Lie groups I.- P.G. Lemarié: Wavelets, spline interpolation and Lie groups.- P. Mattila: Principle values of Cauchy integrals, rectifiable measures and sets.- A. Miyachi : Extension theorems for real variable Hardy and Hardy-Sobolev spaces.- T. Mizuhara : Boundedness of some classical operators on generalized Morrey spaces.- G. Sinnamon: Interpolation of spaces defined by the level function.- T.N. Varopoulos: Groups of superpolynomial growth.- J.M. Wilson : Littlewood-Paley theory in one and two parameters.- J.M. Wilson : Two-weight norm inequalities for the Fourier transform.- Program.- List of participants. 224 pp. Englisch.