springer nov 1992 (250 risultati)

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Antibiotics: Polyketide Synthetases; C.R. Hutchinson. Biosynthetic Studies on Antibiotics; K.L. Rinehart, et al. Natural Toxins: The Biosynthesis of Nicotine and Related Alkaloids in Intact Plants, Isolated Plant Parts, Tissue Cultures, and Cell-Free Systems; E. Leete. Examination of Tetrahydro and Dihydrobisfuran Formation in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis; C.A. Townsend, et al. Herbicides, Phytoalexins, and Microbial Metabolites: Microorganisms; B.G. Isaac, et al. Applications of Whole Cell Fungal Systems an Models of Mammalian Xenobiotic/Drug Metabolism; P.J. Davis, et al. Isoprenoid Pathway: Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpenoid Phytoalexins in Cotton Foliar Tissue; M. Essenberg, et al. Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Plants; B. Camara, et al. Rubber: Enzymatic Synthesis of a Rubber Polymer; K.V. Venkatachalam, et al. 18 additional articles. Index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Empirical Studies in Industrial Organization brings together leading scholars who present state-of-the-art research in the spirit of the structure-conduct-performance paradigm embodied in the work of Leonard W. Weiss. The individual chapters are generally empirically or public policy oriented. A number of them introduce new sources of data that, combined with the application of appropriate econometric techniques, enable new breakthroughs and insights on issues hotly debated in the industrial organization literature. For example, five of the chapters are devoted towards uncovering the link between market concentration and pricing behavior. While theoretical models have produced ambiguous predictions concerning the relationship between concentration and price these chapters, which span a number of different markets and situations, provide unequivocal evidence that a high level of market concentration tends to result in a higher level of prices. Three of the chapters explore the impact of market structure on production efficiency, and three other chapters focus on the role of industrial organization on public policy. Contributors include David B. Audretsch, Richard E. Caves, Mark J. Roberts, F.M. Scherer, John J. Siegfried and Hideki Yamawaki.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - I. Prostatic Cancer Bone Metastasis: An International Perspective.- Clinical Dilemmas and Problems in Assessing Prostatic Metastasis to Bone: The Scientific Challenge.- Comparative Study of Prostatic Carcinoma Bone Metastasis among Japanese in Japan and Japanese Americans and Whites in Hawaii.- Prostate Cancer in the United States and Japan.- Analysis of Survival of Prostate Cancer Patients in Japan and the USA.- II. Biology.- The Cellular Basis for Prostate Cancer Metastasis.- Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Aspects of Human Prostate Cancer: Primary and Metastatic.- Hemodynamics of Prostate Bone Metastases.- Role of the Vertebral Venous System in Metastatic Spread of Cancer Cells to the Bone.- Clinical Significance of the Vertebral Vein in Prostate Cancer Metastasis.- Effects of Various Growth Factors on a Chondrocyte Differentiation Model.- Potential Role of HBGF (FGF) and TGF-Beta on Prostate Growth.- Hormone Refractory Prostatic Cancer: The Role of Radiolabelled Diphosphonates and Growth Factor Inhibitors.- III. Models.- Localization of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) in a Metastatic Cell Line (AT-3) Established from the Dunning Prostatic Carcinoma of Rat: Application of a Specific Monoclonal Antibody.- Use of a Reconstituted Basement Membrane to Study the Invasiveness of Tumor Cells.- Animal Prostate Carcinoma Models: Limited Potential for Vertebral Metastasis.- A Model for Studies on Human Prostatic Carcinoma.- IV. Pathology.- Studies on the Pathogenesis of Osteoblastic Metastases by Prostate Cancer.- Analysis of Bone Metastasis of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in 137 Autopsy Cases.- Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Prostate Cancer.- Flow Cytometric Analysis of Prostatic Carcinoma with and without Bone Marrow Metastasis.- V. Evaluation.- Evaluation of the Response of Bone Metastases to Therapy.- Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Bone Metastases in Prostatic Cancer Patients.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone Metastases.- Bone Marrow MRI in Prostate Cancer.- Bone Mineral Density for Patients with Bone Metastasis of Prostate Cancer: A Preliminary Report.- Quantification of Changes in Bone Scans of Patients with Osseous Metastases of Prostatic Carcinoma.- The Usefulness of Serum Acid Phosphatase in Monitoring Patients with Advanced Prostate Carcinoma.- VI. Treatment.- Radiation Treatment of Prostate Bone Metastases and the Biological Considerations.- Clinical Course of Bone Metastasis from Prostatic Cancer Following Endocrine Therapy: Examination with Bone X-Ray.- Palliative Radiotherapy of Bone Metastasis.- Clinical Study of Bone-Related Relapse in Prostate Carcinoma.- Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Tumors of Long Bones and the Spine.- Hormone Therapy of Prostatic Bone Metastases.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This comprehensive treatise details the structure, biochemistry, and physiology of thrombin, including detailed three-dimensional X-ray structures of inhibited human thrombin complexes. It is both well-illustrated and well-referenced to provide the physiologist and the biochemist with a first-rate sourcebook.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This volume presents a selection of expository papers on various topics in engineering mathematics. The papers concern model problems relating to, amongst others, the automobile and shipping industries, transportation networks and wave propagation. Among the methods treated are numerical methods, such as the finite element method and Newton's method, Karmarkar's interior point method and generalizations, and recurrence and induction in computer science. This volume will be of great interest to applied mathematicians, physicists and engineers interested in recent developments in engineering mathematics. The papers are written with an emphasis on exposition and should be accessible to all members of scientific community interested in modeling and solving real-life problems.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Introduction.- 1.1 The extent of parasitism.- 1.2 Definitions.- 1.3 The concept of harm.- 1.4 Some adaptations to parasitism.- 1.5 Life cycle and ecology.- >2 Population concepts.- 2.1 Background.- 2.2 General definitions.- 2.3 Factors affecting parasite populations.- 2.4 The dispersion concept.- 2.5 Dynamics of population growth.- 3 Factors influencing parasite populations.- 3.1 Density-independent factors: introduction.- 3.2 Density-independent factors: case histories.- 3.3 Density-dependent factors: introduction.- 3.4 Density-dependent factors: case histories.- 3.5 Suprapopulation dynamics: introduction.- 3.6 Suprapopulation dynamics: case histories.- 4 Influence of parasites on host populations.- 4.1 Introduction to the concept of regulation.- 4.2 Crofton's approach.- 4.3 Overdispersion and regulation: introduction.- 4.4 Overdispersion and regulation: case histories.- 4.5 Epidemiological implications.- 4.6 Models.- 5 Life history strategies.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Reproductive strategies.- 5.3 Colonization strategies.- 5.4 Host behaviour and transmission.- 5.5 Theoretical considerations.- 6 Infracommunity dynamics.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The evolution of parasite communities.- 6.3 Infracommunity structure.- 6.4 The screen/filter concept.- 7 Component and compound communities.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Core-satellite and generalist-specialist species concepts.- 7.3 Determinants of component communities.- 7.4 Habitat variability (succession) and parasitism.- 7.5 The biocoenosis and parasite flow.- 7.6 The allogenic-autogenic species concept.- 8 Biogeographical aspects.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Factors affecting the geographical distribution of parasites.- 8.3 Patterns of distribution.- 8.4 Ecological aspects.- 8.5 Applied aspects of biogeography.- 9 Evolutionary aspects.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Microevolution.- 9.3 Evolution of host-parasite interactions.- 9.4 Parasite influence in the evolutionary biology of the host.- 10 Summary.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Population concepts.- 10.3 Factors influencing parasite populations.- 10.4 Influence of parasites on host populations.- 10.5 Life-history strategies.- 10.6 Infracommunity dynamics.- 10.7 Component and compound communities.- 10.8 Biogeographical aspects.- 10.9 Evolutionary aspects.- 10.10 What next for the evolution and ecology of parasitism .- References.- Taxonomic host index.- Taxonomic parasite index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Multiple criteria decision making is a major and rapidly growing field of research. Methods resulting from this field of research are used in this book to develop a Multiobjective Decision Support Systems (MODSS) for environmental management. The primary focus of the book is therefore on the issues and practicalities that arise when these methods are applied to support decisions on environmental problems. Most methods included in this book are derived from the literature on multicriteria decision making, decision anlysis and operations research. Concepts developed in management science are used to describe environmental decision processes and to define the functions of decision support. The author's work on MODSS has resulted in the development of a decision support package, called DEFINITE (DEcisions on a FINITE set of alternatives). A demonstration version of this programme is included with the book. This Demo Disk can be run on a MS-DOS compatible personal computer (version 2.0 or higher) having a 3,5 inch, 720 Kb disk drive and 640 Kb available RAM.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Acknowledgements - Notes on the Contributors - Introduction; F.Hahn - What Markets can and cannot do; F.Hahn - Privatisation; K.George & E.Lynk - Financial Markets; C.A.E.Goodhart - The Foreign Exchange Market and the Effect of Currency Bands; M.Miller & P.Weller - Externalities from Education; M.Weale - Health and Markets; G.Loomes - Inflation and the UK Labour Market; S.Nickell - Index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The Fitness Maximized by the Classical Canonical Economy: A Theme from Houthakker and R.A. Fisher.- Income and Price Sensitivity in Consumer Demand Analysis.- Cross-Section Engel Curves, Expenditure Distributions and the 'Law of Demand'.- Tests of Dynamic Specification and Homogeneity in a Demand System.- Specification and Estimation of Dynamic Demand Systems.- Remarks on the Power of Non-Parametric Tests of Consumer-Theory Hypotheses.- Brain Structure and Consumption Dynamics.- Corners in Organized Futures Markets.- Oil Futures and Strategic Stocks at Sea.- The Effect of Income and Prices on Protection and Rent Seeking in the U.S., 1950 - 1986.- Introduction: Four Unpublished Papers by Hendrik S. Houthakker.- Are There Laws of Consumption .- The Dynamics of Total Consumption and Savings.- On a Class of Dynamic Demand Functions.- Proposed Technique for Estimating Demand Functions from Time Series.- Publications of Hendrik S. Houthakker.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Customer demand for an ever-wider range of communciations services and exciting new technological options are forcing developments in both the international and strategic planning contexts. This volume surveys those developments in both the international and strategic planning contexts.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - An international meeting of experts on Cardiovascular Imaging by Ultrasound was held in Aachen from 26-27 April, 1991. It provided new and interesting insights into what has already been achieved in ultrasound-based cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy and what will be introduced in clinical practice in the near future. Since the introduction of ultrasound in clinical practice in 1984 there has been no other physical principle that has added and will continue to add so much to clinical diagnosis and therapy. Echocardiography, once established as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, is increasingly becoming an invasive technique for cardiovascular imaging. This book contains the edited contributions from 38 scientists and engineers from all over the world who presented the most up-to-date findings on 2-dimensional echocardiography, different Doppler modalities, contrast and stress echocardiography and the different modalities of transesophageal echocardiography, including mono-, bi- and multiplane TEE, as well as pulsed and CW-Doppler application via TEE. Exciting and promising developments are discussed in the field of intravascular ultrasound, tissue characterization, ultrasound ablation, ultrasound-based 3-dimensional reconstruction of the heart, and high frequency Doppler analysis.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This is the first book by a sociologist devoted exclusively to a general sociology of mathematics. The author provides examples of different ways of thinking about mathematics sociologically. The survey of mathematical traditions covers ancient China, the Arabic-Islamic world, India, and Europe. Following the leads of classical social theorists such as Emile Durkheim, Restivo develops the idea that mathematical concepts and ideas are collective representations, and that it is mathematical communities that create mathematics, not individual mathematicians. The implications of the sociology of mathematics, and especially of pure mathematics, for a sociology of mind are also explored. In general, the author's objective is to explore, conjecture, suggest, and stimulate in order to introduce the sociological perspective on mathematics, and to broaden and deepen the still narrow, shallow path that today carries the sociology of mathematics. This book will interest specialists in the philosophy, history, and sociology of mathematics, persons interested in mathematics education, students of science and society, and people interested in current developments in the social and cultural analysis of science and mathematics.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The need for automatic speech recognition systems to be robust with respect to changes in their acoustical environment has become more widely appreciated in recent years, as more systems are finding their way into practical applications. Although the issue of environmental robustness has received only a small fraction of the attention devoted to speaker independence, even speech recognition systems that are designed to be speaker independent frequently perform very poorly when they are tested using a different type of microphone or acoustical environment from the one with which they were trained. The use of microphones other than a 'close talking' headset also tends to severely degrade speech recognition -performance. Even in relatively quiet office environments, speech is degraded by additive noise from fans, slamming doors, and other conversations, as well as by the effects of unknown linear filtering arising reverberation from surface reflections in a room, or spectral shaping by microphones or the vocal tracts of individual speakers. Speech-recognition systems designed for long-distance telephone lines, or applications deployed in more adverse acoustical environments such as motor vehicles, factory floors, oroutdoors demand far greaterdegrees ofenvironmental robustness. There are several different ways of building acoustical robustness into speech recognition systems. Arrays of microphones can be used to develop a directionally-sensitive system that resists intelference from competing talkers and other noise sources that are spatially separated from the source of the desired speech signal.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - by Professor D. E. Games, Mass Spectrometry Research Unit, University College of Swansea Sample preparation can be viewed as occupying a Cinderella role in analytical science. However, the quality of sample preparation plays a key role in high In the past decade, there has been quality analysis and deserves higher stature. considerable interest in the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an alternative to conventional procedures for the preparation of samples for ana lysis. The driving force for this development is the need for automated, sim pler, faster, non-destructive and selective methods for extraction, preferably using non-toxic extraction media which are easily disposed of. Utilization of supercritical fluids for extraction fulfils these requirements because of their unique physical chemical properties and usually low toxicity. Selectivity can be achieved by suitable selection of pressure (density), temperature and modi fier conditions which enable solvating power to be varied. The high diffusivity of supercritical fluids provides rapid sample penetration and extraction. Use of fluids with low critical temperatures enables extraction to be conducted under mild thermal conditions ensuring that thermally labile compounds do not decompose. The technique can be used off-line, and the extracts analysed by appropriate techniques, or it can be used on-line, by coupling with a variety of chromatographic techniques. These can then, if necessary, be coupled fur ther with spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared, ultra violet or mass spectrometry, to provide specific identification or structural information.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Robotic technology offers two potential benefits for future space exploration. One benefit is minimizing the risk that astronauts face. The other benefit is increasing their productivity. Realizing the benefits of robotic technology in space will require solving several problems which are unique and now becoming active research topics. One of the most important research areas is dynamics, control, motion and planning for space robots by considering the dynamic interaction between the robot and the base (space station, space shuttle, or satellite). Any inefficiency in the planning and control can considerably risk by success of the space mission. Space Robotics: Dynamics and Control presents a collection of papers concerning fundamental problems in dynamics and control of space robots, focussing on issues relevant to dynamic base/robot interaction. The authors are all pioneers in theoretical analysis and experimental systems development of space robot technology. The chapters are organized within three problem areas: dynamics problems, nonholonomic nature problems, and control problems. This collection provides a solid reference for researchers in robotics, mechanics, control, and astronautical science.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In this book, the state-of-the-art and future vision of wireless communications is presented in the form of a number of new services. Wireless personal communications is clearly a different service than today's cellular radio or cordless telephone, but there is an evolutionary connection between the three services. This book addresses questions about what features of personal communication services (PCS) will be met by existing or enhanced digital cellular radio technology. The regulatory and standards aspects of wireless communications are currently in a crucial stage of their formulation. A section of the book is devoted to the opinions of representatives from regulatory agencies and standards organizations on the future of this critical area. One of the most intriguing questions about the future of wireless communications has to do with the choice of multiple access technique. The trade offs between time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) have been the topic of many a heated discussion amongst members of the wireless community. This book presents a thorough discussion of a number of the topics which are instrumental in making a fair comparison of TDMA and CDMA; these topics include: analytical performance evaluation techniques, capacity studies, equalization requirements, and shared spectrum comparisons. Many of the technologies associated with wireless personal communications are reaching the design stages. This book presents a number of alternatives for designs of both base stations and user terminals. Some of the key questions of equalization, control channel requirements, multi-path diversity and channel allocation strategies have been addressed. Invariably, system designs and performance are tied to the characteristics of the radio channel. This book introduces several novel techniques for predicting propagation and system performance in a variety of indoor and outdoor environments. These techniques include analytical as well as computer simulation algorithms for predicting signal strenghts and other channel parameters based on the local topographical features. This book serves as an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on wireless communications, cellular radio, or digital mobile radio.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Symbiotic associations are of great importance in agriculture and forestry, especially in plant nutrition and plant cultivation. This book provides an up-to-date and lucid introduction to the subject. The emphasis is on describing the variety of symbiotic relationships and their agricultural and environmental applications.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Bayesian probability theory and maximum entropy methods are at the core of a new view of scientific inference. These `new' ideas, along with the revolution in computational methods afforded by modern computers, allow astronomers, electrical engineers, image processors of any type, NMR chemists and physicists, and anyone at all who has to deal with incomplete and noisy data, to take advantage of methods that, in the past, have been applied only in some areas of theoretical physics. This volume records the Proceedings of Eleventh Annual `Maximum Entropy' Workshop, held at Seattle University in June, 1991. These workshops have been the focus of a group of researchers from many different fields, and this diversity is evident in this volume. There are tutorial papers, theoretical papers, and applications in a very wide variety of fields. Almost any instance of dealing with incomplete and noisy data can be usefully treated by these methods, and many areas of theoretical research are being enhanced by the thoughtful application of Bayes' theorem. The contributions contained in this volume present a state-of-the-art review that will be influential and useful for many years to come.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Part B explores protein degradation occuring in vivo during protein synthesis in cells, examines the isolation and purification of proteins, details protein use in organisms, and reviews techniques to enhance protein stability.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Industrial Energy Management: Principles and Applications provides an overall view of the energy management approach by following the stream of energy from factory boundaries to end users. All topics are examined from the point of view of plant users rather than from that of designers and only the basic concepts necessary to clarify the operation of the plants are outlined. Industrial Energy Management: Principles and Applications is written both as a textbook for university courses in engineering and as a work of reference for professionals in energy management. Readers are assumed to have a basic knowledge of thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, electric systems and power electronics, as well as computer programming. This book can be used not only by technicians involved in the field of energy management but also by managers who may find it a useful tool for understanding investment proposals and even a spur to solicit new ones. Industrial Energy Management: Principles and Applications consists of 21 chapters concerning general principles of energy transformation and energy sources, transformation plants such as electrical substantions and boiler plants, cogeneration plants, electrical and thermal fluid distribution lines, facilities plants such as pumps and fans, air compressors, cooling, HVAC and lighting systems, heat recovery equipment, principles of energy auditing and accounting by using computers, correlation between energy and waste, education in the field. At the end of the book a chapter has been dedicated to economic analysis of energy saving investments and evaluation is given of all the cases studied in the book.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The use of electrochemical techniques by chemists, particularly those who regard themselves as 'inorganic' coordination chemists, has undergone a very rapid growth in the last 15-20 years. The techniques, as dassically applied to inorganic species, had their origins in analytical chemistry, and the methodology had assumed, until the mid 60s, more importance than the chemiStry. However, the growth of interest in coordination compounds (including organometallic complexes) having unusually rich of electron-transfer in bio-inorganic redox properties, and in the understanding species, has propelfed electro-chemistry into the foreground of potentially readily available techniques for application to a very wide range of problems of interest to those chemists. This growth has been fuelled additionally by the availability of relatively cheap equipment of growing sophistication and by an increase in the 'inorganic' chemists' general knowledge of physical electrochemistry. In particular, with increasing availability and sophistication of eqUipment, kinetic problems are now being addressed, and the range of electrode types and configuration and solvents has been greatly expanded. Furthermore, the rapid expansion of interest in biological problems has opened new avenues in functionalisation of electrodes, in the development of sensory devices and, in a sense, a return to the analytical base of the science, using novel and multi-disciplinary techniques drawing on synthesis chemistry of and electronic micro-engeneering. The drive towards increasing use microcomputer-controlled data analysis and the development of microeledrodes has opened exciting new avenues for the exploration of chemical reactions involving electron-transfer processes.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Base oils from petroleum.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Base oil composition.- 1.2.1 Components of crude oil.- 1.2.2 Characteristics of the hydrocarbons for lubricant performance.- 1.2.3 Crude oil selection for base oil manufacture.- 1.3 Products and specifications.- 1.3.1 Physical properties.- 1.3.2 Chemical properties.- 1.3.3 Base oil categories.- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods.- 1.4.1 Historic methods.- 1.4.2 Base oil manufacture in a modern refinery.- 1.4.3 Base oil production economics.- 1.4.4 Distillation.- 1.4.5 De-asphalting.- 1.4.6 Solvent extraction.- 1.4.7 Solvent de-waxing.- 1.4.8 Finishing.- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes.- 1.5.1 Severe hydro treatment.- 1.5.2 Special base oils from hydrocracking.- 1.5.3 Special base oils by wax isomerisation.- 1.5.4 Catalytic de-waxing.- 1.6 Future developments.- References.- 2 Synthetic base fluids.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins.- 2.2.1 Free radical oligomerisation.- 2.2.2 Ziegler catalysed oligomerisation.- 2.2.3 Friedel-Crafts catalysed oligomerisation.- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics.- 2.3.1 Introduction.- 2.3.2 Production and general properties.- 2.3.3 Applications.- 2.4 Polybutenes.- 2.4.1 Introduction.- 2.4.2 Production and general chemical properties.- 2.4.3 Application of PIB fluids.- 2.5 Synthetic esters.- 2.5.1 Introduction.- 2.5.2 Ester types.- 2.5.3 Manufacture of esters.- 2.5.4 Physicochemical properties of ester lubricants.- 2.5.5 Application areas.- 2.5.6 Future trends.- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols.- 2.6.1 Introduction.- 2.6.2 Production.- 2.6.3 Chemistry.- 2.6.4 Key properties.- 2.6.5 Applications.- 2.7 Phosphate esters.- 2.7.1 Introduction.- 2.7.2 Manufacture.- 2.7.3 Physical and chemical properties.- 2.7.4 Applications.- References.- 3 Detergents/dispersants.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Detergents.- 3.2.1 Sulfonates.- 3.2.2 Phenates/salicylates/phosphonates.- 3.2.3 Detergent classification.- 3.3 Dispersants.- 3.4 Other lubricants.- 3.4.1 Automatic transmission fluids (ATFs).- 3.4.2 Gear lubricants.- 3.4.3 Tractor hydraulic oils.- 3.5 Performance evaluation.- References.- Further reading.- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons.- 4.2.1 Oxidation of hydrocarbons at low temperature (30-120°C).- 4.2.2 Oxidation of hydrocarbons at high temperature (> 120°C).- 4.2.3 Metal catalysed autoxidation of hydrocarbons.- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils.- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants.- 4.4.1 Radical scavengers.- 4.4.2 Hydroperoxide decomposers.- 4.4.3 Multifunctional additives.- 4.4.4 Synergism between antioxidants.- 4.5 Application of antioxidants.- 4.5.1 Industrial lubricants.- 4.5.2 Engine oil.- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology.- 4.6.1 Antioxidants for industrial lubricants.- 4.6.2 Antioxidants for engine oils.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry.- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers.- 5.3.1 Polymethacrylates.- 5.3.2 Olefin copolymers.- 5.3.3 Hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers.- 5.3.4 Styrene polyester.- 5.3.5 Concentrate-compatible PMA/OCP blends.- 5.4 Function and properties.- 5.4.1 Solution properties.- 5.4.2 Mechanism offunction.- 5.4.3 Shear stability.- 5.4.4 Thermal-oxidative stability.- 5.5 Performance.- 5.5.1 Low temperature viscosity.- 5.5.2 High temperature viscosity.- 5.5.3 Deposits.- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments.- References.- 6 Miscellaneous additives.- 6.1 Friction modifiers.- 6.1.1 Introduction.- 6.1.2 Friction and lubricating regimes.- 6.1.3 Friction modifier mechanisms.- 6.1.4 Chemical aspects of friction modifiers.- 6.2 Pour point depressants.- 6.2.1 Low temperature operations.- 6.2.2 Mechanism of pour point depressants.- 6.2.3 Pour point depressant additives.- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams.- 6.3.1 Introduction.- 6.3.2 Emulsion stabilisation.- 6.3.3 Demulsification.- 6.3.4 Demulsifiers.- 6.3.5 Fo.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Base oils from petroleum.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Base oil composition.- 1.2.1 Components of crude oil.- 1.2.2 Characteristics of the hydrocarbons for lubricant performance.- 1.2.3 Crude oil selection for base oil manufacture.- 1.3 Products and specifications.- 1.3.1 Physical properties.- 1.3.2 Chemical properties.- 1.3.3 Base oil categories.- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods.- 1.4.1 Historic methods.- 1.4.2 Base oil manufacture in a modern refinery.- 1.4.3 Base oil production economics.- 1.4.4 Distillation.- 1.4.5 De-asphalting.- 1.4.6 Solvent extraction.- 1.4.7 Solvent de-waxing.- 1.4.8 Finishing.- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes.- 1.5.1 Severe hydrotreatment.- 1.5.2 Special base oils from hydrocracking.- 1.5.3 Special base oils by wax isomerisation.- 1.5.4 Catalytic de-waxing.- 1.6 Future developments.- References.- 2 Synthetic base fluids.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins.- 2.2.1 Free radical oligomerisation.- 2.2.2 Ziegler catalysed oligomerisation.- 2.2.3 Friedel-Crafts catalysed oligomerisation.- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics.- 2.3.1 Introduction.- 2.3.2 Production and general properties.- 2.3.3 Applications.- 2.4 Polybutenes.- 2.4.1 Introduction.- 2.4.2 Production and general chemical properties.- 2.4.3 Application of PIB fluids.- 2.5 Synthetic esters.- 2.5.1 Introduction.- 2.5.2 Ester types.- 2.5.3 Manufacture of esters.- 2.5.4 Physicochemical properties of ester lubricants.- 2.5.5 Application areas.- 2.5.6 Future trends.- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols.- 2.6.1 Introduction.- 2.6.2 Production.- 2.6.3 Chemistry.- 2.6.4 Key properties.- 2.6.5 Applications.- 2.7 Phosphate esters.- 2.7.1 Introduction.- 2.7.2 Manufacture.- 2.7.3 Physical and chemical properties.- 2.7.4 Applications.- References.- 3 Detergents/dispersants.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Detergents.- 3.2.1 Sulfonates.- 3.2.2 Phenates/salicylates/phosphonates.- 3.2.3 Detergent classification.- 3.3 Dispersants.- 3.4 Other lubricants.- 3.4.1 Automatic transmission fluids (ATFs).- 3.4.2 Gear lubricants.- 3.4.3 Tractor hydraulic oils.- 3.5 Performance evaluation.- References.- Further reading.- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons.- 4.2.1 Oxidation of hydrocarbons at low temperature (30-120°C).- 4.2.2 Oxidation of hydrocarbons at high temperature (> 120°C).- 4.2.3 Metal catalysed autoxidation of hydrocarbons.- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils.- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants.- 4.4.1 Radical scavengers.- 4.4.2 Hydroperoxide decomposers.- 4.4.3 Multifunctional additives.- 4.4.4 Synergism between antioxidants.- 4.5 Application of antioxidants.- 4.5.1 Industrial lubricants.- 4.5.2 Engine oil.- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology.- 4.6.1 Antioxidants for industrial lubricants.- 4.6.2 Antioxidants for engine oils.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry.- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers.- 5.3.1 Polymethacrylates.- 5.3.2 Olefin copolymers.- 5.3.3 Hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers.- 5.3.4 Styrene polyester.- 5.3.5 Concentrate-compatible PMA/OCP blends.- 5.4 Function and properties.- 5.4.1 Solution properties.- 5.4.2 Mechanism of function.- 5.4.3 Shear stability.- 5.4.4 Thermal-oxidative stability.- 5.5 Performance.- 5.5.1 Low temperature viscosity.- 5.5.2 High temperature viscosity.- 5.5.3 Deposits.- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments.- References.- 6 Miscellaneous additives.- 6.1 Friction modifiers.- 6.1.1 Introduction.- 6.1.2 Friction and lubricating regimes.- 6.1.3 Friction modifier mechanisms.- 6.1.4 Chemical aspects of friction modifiers.- 6.2 Pour point depressants.- 6.2.1 Low temperature operations.- 6.2.2 Mechanism of pour point depressants.- 6.2.3 Pour point depressant additives.- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams.- 6.3.1 Introduction.- 6.3.2 Emulsion stabilisation.- 6.3.3 Demulsification.- 6.3.4 Demulsifiers.- 6.3.5 Fo.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Patterns and processes in a landscape under stress: the study area.- 1 Patterns and processes in a landscape under stress: the study area.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Landscape types.- 1.3 Modern land use.- 1.4 Spatial relations.- 1.5 Effects of modern land use on natural ecosystems.- 1.6 Nature conservation strategies.- References.- One Spatial Relations by Water Flows.- 2 Nutrient enrichment of freshwater wetlands.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Enlarged inputs: rain, groundwater, surface water.- 2.3 Hydrology and soil conditions as factors controlling nutrient availability.- 2.4 Control of plant growth by nutrient availability.- 2.5 Consequences of nutrient enrichment for species composition.- 2.6 Implications for management.- References.- 3 Linking ecological patterns to hydrological conditions on various spatial scales: case study of small stream valleys.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Landscape analysis on a regional scale.- 3.3 Landscape analysis on a local scale.- 3.4 Evaluation of the hydroecological approach.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 4 Hydroecological modelling in a polder landscape: a tool for wetland management.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Landscape ecological characteristics of polder areas.- 4.3 The data: variables and sampling procedure.- 4.4 Processing the data to a model.- 4.5 Application of the hydroecological model.- 4.6 Discussion and conclusions.- References.- Two Spatial Relations by Air Flows.- 5 Atmospheric nitrogen deposition and its impact on terrestrial ecosystems.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Spatial variation in the deposition of nitrogen.- 5.3 Accumulation and mineralization of nitrogen.- 5.4 Effects on the competitive balance between plant populations and the dynamics of species composition.- 5.5 Conclusions.- References.- 6 Ditch banks as a conservation focus in intensively exploited peat farmland.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Effect studies on ditch banks.- 6.3 Model study of the nitrogen balance of banks.- 6.4 Compatibility of ditch-bank management with current dairy farming practice.- 6.5 General discussion and concluding remarks.- References.- Three Spatial Relations by Moving Organisms.- 7 Population responses to landscape fragmentation.- 7.1 Fragmentation in the Dutch landscape.- 7.2 Ecology of spatially structured populations.- 7.3 Observations of fragmented populations.- 7.4 Discussion.- References.- 8 Metapopulation models for impact assessment of fragmentation.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Modelling strategy.- 8.3 On the risk of extinction.- 8.4 Winking patches metapopulation models.- 8.5 Structured metapopulaion models.- 8.6 Discussion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Four Methods and Concepts of Landscape Planning.- 9 Landscape planning for nature restoration: comparing regional scenarios.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 A regional case study: the Central Open Space Project.- 9.3 Four scenarios for nature restoration.- 9.4 COSMO, a tool for evaluating the scenarios.- 9.5 Results of the evaluation for nature restoration.- 9.6 Discussion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 10 The framework concept and the hydrological landscape structure: a new perspective in the design of multifunctional landscapes.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 The hydrological landscape structure.- 10.3 The hydrological landscape structure and land use in the Twente region.- 10.4 A landscape plan for the study area in Twente.- 10.5 Evaluation.- References.- 11 Nature conservation and extraction of drinking water in coastal dunes: the Meijendel area.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Coastal dunes in The Netherlands, landscape ecological structure.- 11.3 The coastal dunes of The Netherlands as an area for the extraction of drinking water.- 11.4 The Meijendel dunes near The Hague: a case study.- 11.5 Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 12 Artificial wetlands: a device for restoring natural wetland values.- 12.1 Eutrophication of wetlands.- 12.2 Artificial wetlands for eutrophication control.- 12.3 Eutrophication of wetlands in the Green Heart of Hollan.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Ten years after the first Rennes international meeting onreal algebraic geometry, the second one looked at thedevelopments in the subject during the intervening decade -see the 6 survey papers listed below. Further contributionsfrom the participants on recent research covered realalgebra and geometry, topology of real algebraic varietiesand 16thHilbert problem, classical algebraic geometry,techniques in real algebraic geometry, algorithms in realalgebraic geometry, semialgebraic geometry, real analyticgeometry.CONTENTS: Survey papers: M. Knebusch: Semialgebraic topologyin the last ten years.- R. Parimala: Algebraic andtopological invariants of real algebraic varieties.-Polotovskii, G.M.: On the classification of decomposingplane algebraic curves.- Scheiderer, C.: Real algebra andits applications to geometry in the last ten years: somemajor developments and results.- Shustin, E.L.: Topology ofreal plane algebraic curves.- Silhol, R.: Moduli problems inreal algebraic geometry.Further contributions by: S. Akbulut and H. King; C.Andradas and J. Ruiz; A. Borobia; L. Br cker; G.W.Brumfield; A. Castilla; Z. Charzynski and P. Skibinski; M.Coste and M. Reguiat; A. Degtyarev; Z. Denkowska; J.-P.Francoise and F. Ronga; J.M. Gamboa and C. Ueno; D. Gondard-Cozette; I.V. Itenberg; P. Jaworski; A. Korchagin; T.Krasinksi and S. Spodzieja; K. Kurdyka; H. Lombardi; M.Marshall and L. Walter; V.F. Mazurovskii; G. Mikhalkin;T. Mostowski and E. Rannou; E.I. Shustin; N. Vorobjov. 428 pp. Englisch, Französisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book covers the entire field of tunable lasers, withthe exception of dye lasers. Following an introductorychapter on common general principles, the remaining chapters all written by leading experts in the field - each treat aparticular class of tunable laser or process. In each casea theoretical treatment is combined with a detailedpractical description of the lasers and their operation. Thebook is written so as to be readily accessible toresearchers and students alike. It is especially intended toenable the non-expert to choose the most appropriatetunable laser for a specific application.In this second edition an added chapter with extensivereferences to recent literature reviews the advances thathaveoccured since the publication of the original edition. 456 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The intention of this book is not to add another technical work to the series of publications already available on matters connected with the relations between natural and artificial intelligence, nor to repeat the positions already well expressed in, for example, the debate between John Searle, Daniel Dennet and Hubert Dreyfus. It is an attempt to encourage philosophical reflection on dimensions of the subject that have hitherto been somewhat neglected. This book, which explores a number of case studies, is the fifth in the series, the previous four books being: (i) Knowledge, Skill and Artificial Intelligence (Bo Goranzon and Ingela Josefson (Eds. ), Springer-Verlag, London, 1988) (ii) Artificial Intelligence, Culture and Language: On Education and Work (Bo Goranzon and Magnus Florin (Eds. ), Springer Verlag, London, 1990) (iii) Dialogue and Technology: Art and Knowledge (Bo Goranzon and Magnus Florin (Eds. ), Springer-Verlag, London, 1991) (iv) Skill and Education: Reflection and Experience (Bo Goranzon and Magnus Florin (Eds. ), Springer-Verlag, London, 1992) An important connection between these four books is the conference on Culture, Language and Artificial Intelligence held in Stockholm in May-June, 1988. The conference was attended by more than 300 researchers and practitioners, from over 15 countries, in the fields of technology, philosophy, the history of ideas, literature and linguistics. Contributions to the books were solicited from among those who attended the conference and from researchers involved in work related to its aim. 128 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Neural network technology encompasses a class of methodswhich attempt to mimic the basic structures used in thebrain for information processing. Thetechnology is aimed atproblems such as pattern recognition which are difficult fortraditional computational methods. Neural networks havepotential applications in many industrial areas such asadvanced robotics, operations research, and processengineering.This book is concerned with the application of neuralnetwork technology to real industrial problems. Itsummarizes a three-year collaborative international projectcalled ANNIE (Applications of Neural Networks for Industryin Europe) which was jointly funded by industry and theEuropean Commission within the ESPRIT programme. As a recordof a working project, the book gives an insight into thereal problems faced in taking a new technology from theworkbench into a live industrial application, and shows justhow it can be achieved. It stresses the comparison betweenneural networks and conventional approaches. Even thenon-specialist reader will benefit from understanding thelimitations as well as the advantages of the new technology. 308 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -One service mathematics has rmdcred the 'Et moi, . . si j'avait su comment en rcvenir. human race. It has put common sense back je n'y semis point aile.' whc:rc it belongs, on the topmost shcIl next Jules Verne to the dusty callister labc:1lcd 'discarded non sense'. The series is divergent; thererore we may be Eric T. Bell able to do something with iL O. Hcavisidc Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics . .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science . .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics . .'. All arguably true. And alI statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series. 298 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Electrophotography and Development Physics focuses on thecomplicated and increasingly important technology found inphotocopiers and laser printers. An introduction chapteracquaints the reader with the technical history ofelectrophotography, its current and projected markets, andalso alternative related copying and printing technologies.A concise descriptionof the physics of the completeelectrophotgraphic process is followed by an in-depthtreatment of static electricity. The three types ofdevelopmentsystems (two component, monocomponent, andliquid), and their associated charging mechanisms. In thissecond edition, a discussion of the new color copiers and achapter updating the original material have been added. Onmastering this material, which is presented in a mannersuitable for both the newcomer and the established expertthe reader will have a workingknowledge of theelectrophotographic process and a detailed knowledge of itsimportant subsystem, development. 384 pp. Englisch.