springer springer apr 2010 (383 risultati)

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This self-contained text provides a solid introduction to global and nonlinear optimization, providing students of mathematics and interdisciplinary sciences with a strong foundation in applied optimization techniques. The book offers a unique hands-on and critical approach to applied optimization which includes the presentation of numerous algorithms, examples, and illustrations, designed to improve the reader's intuition and develop the analytical skills needed to identify optimization problems, classify the structure of a model, and determine whether a solution fulfills optimality conditions. 220 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of public health. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China's modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China's S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China's reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China's modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China's reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation's highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government's decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China's high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas. 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of public health. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China's modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China's S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China's reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China's modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China's reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation's highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government's decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China's high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas. 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of public health. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China's modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China's S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China's reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China's modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China's reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of public health. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China's modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China's S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China's reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China's modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China's reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of public health. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China's modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China's S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China's reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China's modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China's reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation's highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government's decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China's high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This new volume on The Rule of Law in Comparative Perspective compares the different conceptions of the rule of law that have developed in different legal cultures. Lawyers and legal scholars from various legal systems describe the social purposes and practical applications of the rule of law, and how it might be improved in the varied circumstances of their own courts and politics.This book will be of interest to lawyers, judges, public officials, and to all those wishing to improve the fundamental structures of their own legal systems, by bringing equal justice to every person subject to the power of the state. 253 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - It is clear that many fascinating problems still remain to be addressed in parasite transmission modelling, from better understanding of transmission processes and natural history of infection to investigating the impact of ecological and spatial scales, climate change, host immunity and social behaviour, parasite-host evolutionary dynamics and parasite community ecology on parasite transmission. This book captures some of the advances made in recent years and provides indications of ways forward for addressing these questions by shedding light on developments in conceptual frameworks and modelling tools as well as the emergence of new data forms for aiding model construction, testing and analysis. Another important advance has been the parallel development of robust computationally-intensive statistical methods to allow model testing and parameterization by aiding the fitting of models to complex data. This is an exciting area of work, which we believe will broaden the scope of mathematical modelling in investigating parasite transmission processes. In particular, we expect this advance will now allow modellers to begin the successful development and analysis of mechanistically-rich models of parasite transmission that will facilitate better integration of the variety of mechanisms increasingly recognized as important in simultaneously affecting transmission, including abiotic processes, trophic and evolutionary interactions, movement in space, and behaviour and evenphysiology of the individual. We foresee a continuing bright future for using mathematical modelling to clarify parasite transmission dynamics and address problems related to effective parasite control. Ultimately, through this improved application of models to research and management, we expect that parasite control would be an achievable goal bringing benefits to a vast number of our fellow human beings.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The past two decades have seen an ever accelerating growth in knowledge about molecular pathology of human diseases, which received a large boost with the sequencing of the human genome in 2003. Mole- lar diagnostics, molecular targeted therapy, and genetic therapy are now routine in many medical centers. The molecular field now impacts every field in medicine, whether clinical research or routine patient care. There is a great need for basic researchers to understand the potential clinical implications of their research whereas private practice clinicians of all types (general internal medicine and internal medicine specialists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, pediatricians, family practitioners), clinical inves- gators, pathologists and medical laboratory directors, and radiologists require a basic understanding of the fundamentals of molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for their patients. Traditional textbooks in molecular biology deal with basic science and are not readily applicable to the medical setting. Most medical textbooks that include a mention of molecular pathology in the clinical setting are limited in scope and assume that the reader already has a working knowledge of the basic science of molecular biology. Other texts emphasize technology and testing procedures without integrating the clinical perspective. There is an urgent need for a text that fills the gap between basic science books and clinical practice.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Interdisciplinarity is more often invoked than practised. This is hardly surprising, considering the daunting vastness of modern biology. To reach a satisfactory understanding of a complex biological system, a wide spectrum of conceptual and experimental tools must be applied at different levels, from the molecular to the cellular, tissue and organismic. We believe the multifaceted regulatory interplay between integrin receptors and ion channels offers a rich and challenging field for researchers seeking broad biological perspectives. By mediating cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, integrins regulate many developmental processes in the widest sense (from cell choice between differentiation and proliferation, to tissue remodeling and organogenesis). Rapidly growing evidence shows that frequent communication takes place between cell adhesion receptors and channel proteins. This may occur through formation of multiprotein membrane complexes that regulate ion fluxes as well as a variety of intracellular signaling pathways. In othercases, cross talk is more indirect and mediated by cellular messengers such as G proteins. These interactions are reciprocal, in that ion channel stimulation often controls integrin activation or expression. From a functional standpoint, studying the interplay between integrin receptors and ion channels clarifies how the extracellular matrix regulates processes as disparate as muscle excitability, synaptic plasticity and lymphocyte activation, just to mention a few. The derangement of these processes has many implications for pathogenesis processes, in particular for tumor invasiveness and some cardiovascular and neurologic diseases. This book provides a general introduction to the problems and methods of this blossoming field.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive introduction to nite rotation shells and to non-linear shell nite elements. It is divided into 5 parts: I. Preliminaries (20 pages), II. Shell equations (104 pages), III. Finite rotations for shells (103 pages), IV. Four-node shell elements (189 pages), and V. Numerical examples (41 pages). Additional numerical examples are presented in Parts III and IV. The bibliography includes 270 entries. The book is intended for both teaching and self-study, and emphasizes fundamental aspects and techniques of the subject. Some familiarity with non-linear mechanics and the nite element method is assumed. Shell elements are a subject of active research which results in many publications every year and several conferences and sessions are held r- ularly, among them, two large international conferences: Computation of Shell and Spatial Structures' and Shell Structures. Theory and - plications' (SSTA). The literature is voluminous, not easy to follow and evaluate, and the subject is di-cult to comprehend. I hope that this will be facilitated by the book. I would like to express my gratitude to several persons who helped me in my professional life, in this way contributing to the book. I thank Prof. R.L. Taylor from the University of California at Berkeley, Prof. B. Schre er from the University of Padua, and Prof. J.T. Santos from the Instituto Superior Tecnico at Lisbon, for hosting and supporting me when I was a post-doctoral researcher.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Enterprise Interoperability is the ability of an enterprise or organisation to work with other enterprises or organisations without special effort. It is now recognised that interoperability of systems and thus sharing of information is not sufficient to ensure common understanding between enterprises. Knowledge of information meaning and understanding of how is to be used must also be shared if decision makers distributed between those enterprises in the network want to act consistently and efficiently. Industry's need for Enterprise Interoperability has been one of the significant drivers for research into the Internet of the Future. EI research will embrace and extend contributions from the Internet of Things and the Internet of Services, and will go on to drive the future needs for Internets of People, Processes, and Knowledge.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Putting together a comprehensive, multiauthored text is a daunting task. However, the benefts may justify the effort. Such is the case with regards to the present Glaucoma Book. It is not likely that many ophthalmologists (or others) will decide, at the end of a busy day, to pour themselves a cocktail, and settle into a comfortable chair with this large tome in hand, with the intent of reading it from start to fnish. A pity. It would make several enjoyable and proftable days of good reading. The text starts with comments by an individual who is strongly grounded in the fundam- tals of being a good physician. Ivan Goldberg has used his brilliance, his wide international experiences and knowledge, and his commitment to assuring that physicians know their craft, to provide a penetrating perspective on ophthalmology today and tomorrow. The Glaucoma Book ends with commentaries by the editors, John Samples, a true physician/scientist, and Paul Schacknow, an experienced community-based clinician. Samples' essay 'What Really Causes Glaucoma ' nicely describes the leading theories underlying the cell biology of gl- coma. In 'What Do We Know Now, What Do We Need to Know About Glaucoma ,' Schacknow offers an essay on some of the controversial ideas raised within the book and speculates on future research.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware 340 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware 340 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Weshalb ist ein Frosch grün Wie viel Energie benötigt ein Bakterium, um sich zu verdoppeln Von den Grundlagen des Stoffwechsels über die Vielfalt der Mikroorganismen bis hin zu den Prozessen, die sich im Meer oder bei einer Infektionskrankheit abspielen, erläutert der Autor anhand von Beispielen die grundlegenden Zusammenhänge der Mikrobiologie. Kompakt und doch anspruchsvoll, bietet das Buch einen idealen Einstieg in das Fachgebiet. Die 4. Auflage wurde gründlich überarbeitet und erstmals mit vielen farbigen Bildern ausgestattet.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Die erweiterte Neuauflage bietet eine umfassende Einführung in die Grundlagen der Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbeton- und Spannbetontragwerken. Vermittelt wird aktuelles Wissen durch den Bezug auf DIN 1045-1 der Fassung 2008 sowie die zukünftige europäisch einheitliche Betonbaunorm EN 1992-1-1 (EUROCODE 2) - ergänzt um die nationalen Anwendungsregeln Deutschlands und Österreichs.Die Bemessung im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit für Biegung und Längskraft, Querkraft und Torsion wird durch eine Einführung in Stabwerkmodelle, die Bemessung von Schubfugen und die Nachweise gegen Durchstanzen sowie gegen Ermüdung als Folge wiederkehrender Betriebsbelastungen komplettiert. Erläuterungen zur Sicherheitstheorie, zu Werkstoffkennwerten, zur Schnittgrößenermittlung sowie den Grundlagen des Bewehrens ergänzen das Werk.Leicht nachvollziehbare Beispiele und eine Sammlung von Bemessungshilfsmitteln vervollständigen das Buch, das eine solide Basis für das Studium und ein fundiertes Nachschlagewerk für die tägliche Praxis der Bemessung im konstruktiven Betonbau bildet. 640 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Weshalb ist ein Frosch grün Wie viel Energie benötigt ein Bakterium, um sich zu verdoppeln Von den Grundlagen des Stoffwechsels über die Vielfalt der Mikroorganismen bis hin zu den Prozessen, die sich im Meer oder bei einer Infektionskrankheit abspielen, erläutert der Autor anhand von Beispielen die grundlegenden Zusammenhänge der Mikrobiologie. Kompakt und doch anspruchsvoll, bietet das Buch einen idealen Einstieg in das Fachgebiet. Die 4. Auflage wurde gründlich überarbeitet und erstmals mit vielen farbigen Bildern ausgestattet.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 340 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Lo sviluppo di nuove tecnologie nell'era digitale e di sistemi informativi di condivisione, gestione e archiviazione dei dati, ha contribuito alla nascita di un nuovo modo di intendere l'attività del medico: la telemedicina. Esperti della Unione Europea la definirono come 'l'integrazione, il monitoraggio e la gestione dei pazienti, nonché l'educazione dei medesimi e del personale, usando sistemi che consentano un pronto accesso alla consulenza di esperti e alle informazioni del paziente, indipendentemente da dove esso o le informazioni risiedano'. Con i nuovi metodi di raccolta e trasmissione di dati, non è quindi più il paziente a spostarsi ma le informazioni che lo riguardano.Il volume introduce il lettore alla Information and Communication Technology (ICT) applicata alla medicina e ne illustra l'impatto sulla diagnostica e sulla terapia medica. Nell'ambito dello sviluppo di applicazioni software è fondamentale 'parlare la stessa lingua'; gli autori di questo volume hanno pertanto voluto dare ampio spazio, da una parte alla descrizione degli standard utilizzati in informatica sanitaria, dall'altra alle norme attualmente esistenti e alla rappresentazione delle informazioni sui vari media.Per le sue caratteristiche, questo volume rappresenta uno strumento molto valido sia per quelle figure professionali (medici, amministratori di aziende sanitarie, tecnici di laboratorio, informatici e ingegneri) coinvolte nell'applicazione e nello sviluppo delle procedure della telemedicina, che per la didattica universitaria di quelle discipline rivolte a formare tali figure professionali.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Die erweiterte Neuauflage bietet eine umfassende Einführung in die Grundlagen der Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbeton- und Spannbetontragwerken. Vermittelt wird aktuelles Wissen durch den Bezug auf DIN 1045-1 der Fassung 2008 sowie die zukünftige europäisch einheitliche Betonbaunorm EN 1992-1-1 (EUROCODE 2) ¿ ergänzt um die nationalen Anwendungsregeln Deutschlands und Österreichs.Die Bemessung im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit für Biegung und Längskraft, Querkraft und Torsion wird durch eine Einführung in Stabwerkmodelle, die Bemessung von Schubfugen und die Nachweise gegen Durchstanzen sowie gegen Ermüdung als Folge wiederkehrender Betriebsbelastungen komplettiert. Erläuterungen zur Sicherheitstheorie, zu Werkstoffkennwerten, zur Schnittgrößenermittlung sowie den Grundlagen des Bewehrens ergänzen das Werk.Leicht nachvollziehbare Beispiele und eine Sammlung von Bemessungshilfsmitteln vervollständigen das Buch, das eine solide Basis für das Studium und ein fundiertes Nachschlagewerk für die tägliche Praxis der Bemessung im konstruktiven Betonbau bildet.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 640 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Die erweiterte Neuauflage bietet eine umfassende Einführung in die Grundlagen der Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbeton- und Spannbetontragwerken. Vermittelt wird aktuelles Wissen durch den Bezug auf DIN 1045-1 der Fassung 2008 sowie die zukünftige europäisch einheitliche Betonbaunorm EN 1992-1-1 (EUROCODE 2) - ergänzt um die nationalen Anwendungsregeln Deutschlands und Österreichs.Die Bemessung im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit für Biegung und Längskraft, Querkraft und Torsion wird durch eine Einführung in Stabwerkmodelle, die Bemessung von Schubfugen und die Nachweise gegen Durchstanzen sowie gegen Ermüdung als Folge wiederkehrender Betriebsbelastungen komplettiert. Erläuterungen zur Sicherheitstheorie, zu Werkstoffkennwerten, zur Schnittgrößenermittlung sowie den Grundlagen des Bewehrens ergänzen das Werk.Leicht nachvollziehbare Beispiele und eine Sammlung von Bemessungshilfsmitteln vervollständigen das Buch, das eine solide Basis für das Studium und ein fundiertes Nachschlagewerk für die tägliche Praxis der Bemessung im konstruktiven Betonbau bildet.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The present book illustrates the theoretical aspects of several methodologies related to the possibility of i) enhancing the poor spatial information of the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity on the scalp and giving a measure of the electrical activity on the cortical surface. ii) estimating the directional influences between any given pair of channels in a multivariate dataset. iii) modeling the brain networks as graphs. The possible applications are discussed in three different experimental designs regarding i) the study of pathological conditions during a motor task, ii) the study of memory processes during a cognitive task iii) the study of the instantaneous dynamics throughout the evolution of a motor task in physiological conditions. The main outcome from all those studies indicates clearly that the performance of cognitive and motor tasks as well as the presence of neural diseases can affect the brain network topology. This evidence gives the power of reflecting cerebral 'states' or 'traits' to the mathematical indexes derived from the graph theory. In particular, the observed structural changes could critically depend on patterns of synchronization and desynchronization - i.e. the dynamic binding of neural assemblies - as also suggested by a wide range of previous electrophysiological studies. Moreover, the fact that these patterns occur at multiple frequencies support the evidence that brain functional networks contain multiple frequency channels along which information is transmitted. The graph theoretical approach represents an effective means to evaluate the functional connectivity patterns obtained from scalp EEG signals. The possibility to describe the complex brain networks sub-serving different functions in humans by means of 'numbers' is a promising tool toward the generation of a better understanding of the brain functions. Table of Contents: Introduction / Brain Functional Connectivity / Graph Theory / High-Resolution EEG / Cortical Networks in Spinal Cord Injured Patients / Cortical Networks During a Lifelike Memory Task / Application to Time-varying Cortical Networks / Conclusions 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Quantum cryptography is a rapidly developing field that draws from a number of disciplines, from quantum optics to information theory to electrical engineering. By combining some fundamental quantum mechanical principles of single photons with various aspects of information theory, quantum cryptography represents a fundamental shift in the basis for security from numerical complexity to the fundamental physical nature of the communications channel. As such, it promises the holy grail of data security: theoretically unbreakable encryption. Of course, implementing quantum cryptography in real broadband communications systems poses some unique challenges, including generating single photons, distilling random keys from the quantum key distribution process, and maintaining security at both the theoretical and practical level. Overall, quantum cryptography has a place in the history of secret keeping as a novel and potentially useful paradigm shift in the approach to broadband data encryption.Table of Contents: Introduction / Elements of Classical Cryptography / The Quantum Mechanics of Photons / Fundamentals of Quantum Key Distribution / Information Theory and Key Reconciliation / Components for Broadband QKD / A Survey of QKD Implementations / Conclusion - QKD in the Marketplace 100 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Many information retrieval (IR) systems suffer from a radical variance in performance when responding to users' queries. Even for systems that succeed very well on average, the quality of results returned for some of the queries is poor. Thus, it is desirable that IR systems will be able to identify 'difficult' queries so they can be handled properly. Understanding why some queries are inherently more difficult than others is essential for IR, and a good answer to this important question will help search engines to reduce the variance in performance, hence better servicing their customer needs. Estimating the query difficulty is an attempt to quantify the quality of search results retrieved for a query from a given collection of documents. This book discusses the reasons that cause search engines to fail for some of the queries, and then reviews recent approaches for estimating query difficulty in the IR field. It then describes a common methodology for evaluating the prediction quality of those estimators, and experiments with some of the predictors applied by various IR methods over several TREC benchmarks. Finally, it discusses potential applications that can utilize query difficulty estimators by handling each query individually and selectively, based upon its estimated difficulty. Table of Contents: Introduction - The Robustness Problem of Information Retrieval / Basic Concepts / Query Performance Prediction Methods / Pre-Retrieval Prediction Methods / Post-Retrieval Prediction Methods / Combining Predictors / A General Model for Query Difficulty / Applications of Query Difficulty Estimation / Summary and Conclusions 92 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Operation Primer provides excellent photographic step-by-step guidance to the surgical procedure. It has been produced to describe the operation in the simplest manner possible without over-simplifying. The core of the Operation Primer is the section on Nodal Points, where the surgical key steps are described in detail. This surgical guide book provides essential reference material to surgeons wishing to update their knowledge in this specific area. 100 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Increasingly our critical infrastructures are reliant on computers. We see examples of such infrastructures in several domains, including medical, power, telecommunications, and finance. Although automation has advantages, increased reliance on computers exposes our critical infrastructures to a wider variety and higher likelihood of accidental failures and malicious attacks. Disruption of services caused by such undesired events can have catastrophic effects, such as disruption of essential services and huge financial losses. The increased reliance of critical services on our cyberinfrastructure and the dire consequences of security breaches have highlighted the importance of information security. Authorization, security protocols, and software security are three central areas in security in which there have been significant advances in developing systematic foundations and analysis methods that work for practical systems. This book provides an introduction to this work, covering representative approaches, illustrated by examples, and providing pointers to additional work in the area. Table of Contents: Introduction / Foundations / Detecting Buffer Overruns Using Static Analysis / Analyzing Security Policies / Analyzing Security Protocols 168 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Mobile agent computing is being used in fields as diverse as artificial intelligence, computational economics and robotics. Agents' ability to adapt dynamically and execute asynchronously and autonomously brings potential advantages in terms of fault-tolerance, flexibility and simplicity. This monograph focuses on studying mobile agents as modelled in distributed systems research and in particular within the framework of research performed in the distributed algorithms community. It studies the fundamental question of how to achieve rendezvous, the gathering of two or more agents at the same node of a network. Like leader election, such an operation is a useful subroutine in more general computations that may require the agents to synchronize, share information, divide up chores, etc. The work provides an introduction to the algorithmic issues raised by the rendezvous problem in the distributed computing setting. For the most part our investigation concentrates on the simplest case of two agents attempting to rendezvous on a ring network. Other situations including multiple agents, faulty nodes and other topologies are also examined. An extensive bibliography provides many pointers to related work not covered in the text. The presentation has a distinctly algorithmic, rigorous, distributed computing flavor and most results should be easily accessible to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in computer science and mathematics departments. Table of Contents: Models for Mobile Agent Computing / Deterministic Rendezvous in a Ring / Multiple Agent Rendezvous in a Ring / Randomized Rendezvous in a Ring / Other Models / Other Topologies 106 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This excellent addition to the UTiCS series of undergraduate textbooks provides a detailed and up to date description of the main principles behind the design and implementation of modern programming languages.Rather than focusing on a specific language, the book identifies the most important principles shared by large classes of languages. To complete this general approach, detailed descriptions of the main programming paradigms, namely imperative, object-oriented, functional and logic are given, analysed in depth and compared. This provides the basis for a critical understanding of most of the programming languages.An historical viewpoint is also included, discussing the evolution of programming languages, and to provide a context for most of the constructs in use today. The book concludes with two chapters which introduce basic notions of syntax, semantics and computability, to provide a completely rounded picture of what constitutes a programming language. 440 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Our world is being revolutionized by data-driven methods: access to large amounts of data has generated new insights and opened exciting new opportunities in commerce, science, and computing applications. Processing the enormous quantities of data necessary for these advances requires large clusters, making distributed computing paradigms more crucial than ever. MapReduce is a programming model for expressing distributed computations on massive datasets and an execution framework for large-scale data processing on clusters of commodity servers. The programming model provides an easy-to-understand abstraction for designing scalable algorithms, while the execution framework transparently handles many system-level details, ranging from scheduling to synchronization to fault tolerance. This book focuses on MapReduce algorithm design, with an emphasis on text processing algorithms common in natural language processing, information retrieval, and machine learning. We introduce the notion ofMapReduce design patterns, which represent general reusable solutions to commonly occurring problems across a variety of problem domains. This book not only intends to help the reader 'think in MapReduce', but also discusses limitations of the programming model as well. Table of Contents: Introduction / MapReduce Basics / MapReduce Algorithm Design / Inverted Indexing for Text Retrieval / Graph Algorithms / EM Algorithms for Text Processing / Closing Remarks 180 pp. Englisch.