springer springer feb 1994 (184 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Not so if the book has been translated into Arabic. Now the reader can discern no meaning in the letters. The text conveys almost no information to the reader, yet the linguistic informa tion contained by the book is virtually the same as in the English original. The reader, familiar with books will still recognise two things, however: First, that the book is a book. Second, that the squiggles on the page represent a pattern of abstractions which probably makes sense to someone who understands the mean ing of those squiggles. Therefore, the book as such, will still have some meaning for the English reader, even if the content of the text has none. Let us go to a more extreme case. Not a book, but a stone, or a rock with engravings in an ancient language no longer under stood by anyone alive. Does such a stone not contain human information even if it is not decipherable Suppose at some point in the future, basic knowledge about linguistics and clever computer aids allow us to decipher it Or suppose someone discovers the equivalent of a Rosetta stone which allows us to translate it into a known language, and then into English Can one really say that the stone contained no information prior to translation It is possible to argue that the stone, prior to deciphering contained only latent information.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Not so if the book has been translated into Arabic. Now the reader can discern no meaning in the letters. The text conveys almost no information to the reader, yet the linguistic informa tion contained by the book is virtually the same as in the English original. The reader, familiar with books will still recognise two things, however: First, that the book is a book. Second, that the squiggles on the page represent a pattern of abstractions which probably makes sense to someone who understands the mean ing of those squiggles. Therefore, the book as such, will still have some meaning for the English reader, even if the content of the text has none. Let us go to a more extreme case. Not a book, but a stone, or a rock with engravings in an ancient language no longer under stood by anyone alive. Does such a stone not contain human information even if it is not decipherable Suppose at some point in the future, basic knowledge about linguistics and clever computer aids allow us to decipher it Or suppose someone discovers the equivalent of a Rosetta stone which allows us to translate it into a known language, and then into English Can one really say that the stone contained no information prior to translation It is possible to argue that the stone, prior to deciphering contained only latent information.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 168 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Not so if the book has been translated into Arabic. Now the reader can discern no meaning in the letters. The text conveys almost no information to the reader, yet the linguistic informa tion contained by the book is virtually the same as in the English original. The reader, familiar with books will still recognise two things, however: First, that the book is a book. Second, that the squiggles on the page represent a pattern of abstractions which probably makes sense to someone who understands the mean ing of those squiggles. Therefore, the book as such, will still have some meaning for the English reader, even if the content of the text has none. Let us go to a more extreme case. Not a book, but a stone, or a rock with engravings in an ancient language no longer under stood by anyone alive. Does such a stone not contain human information even if it is not decipherable Suppose at some point in the future, basic knowledge about linguistics and clever computer aids allow us to decipher it Or suppose someone discovers the equivalent of a Rosetta stone which allows us to translate it into a known language, and then into English Can one really say that the stone contained no information prior to translation It is possible to argue that the stone, prior to deciphering contained only latent information.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Not so if the book has been translated into Arabic. Now the reader can discern no meaning in the letters. The text conveys almost no information to the reader, yet the linguistic informa tion contained by the book is virtually the same as in the English original. The reader, familiar with books will still recognise two things, however: First, that the book is a book. Second, that the squiggles on the page represent a pattern of abstractions which probably makes sense to someone who understands the mean ing of those squiggles. Therefore, the book as such, will still have some meaning for the English reader, even if the content of the text has none. Let us go to a more extreme case. Not a book, but a stone, or a rock with engravings in an ancient language no longer under stood by anyone alive. Does such a stone not contain human information even if it is not decipherable Suppose at some point in the future, basic knowledge about linguistics and clever computer aids allow us to decipher it Or suppose someone discovers the equivalent of a Rosetta stone which allows us to translate it into a known language, and then into English Can one really say that the stone contained no information prior to translation It is possible to argue that the stone, prior to deciphering contained only latent information. 168 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Anesthesiology and Pain Management contains the edited presentations of the 39th Annual Postgraduate Course in Anesthesiology, February 1994. The chapters reflect new data concepts within the general framework of `pain research and basic science', and `clinical topics in pain management'. The purpose of the textbook is to serve as a vehicle to bring many of the latest concepts in anesthesiology to those who did not attend the conference, within a short time of the formal presentation. Each chapter is a brief but sharply focused glimpse of the current interests in anesthesia. This volume, as well as past and future volumes, reflects the rapid and continuing evolution of anesthesiology in the late twentieth century.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The term 'autoimmunity' has been used to categorize a number of different diseases of unknown etiology. The term as applied to many of these diseases would probably be interpreted best as 'autoreactivity,' as the clinical phenotypes are often characterized by an inflammatory-like accumulation of activated cells of the immune system at sites of obvious damage of normal cells and/or tissue. The reasons as to why an immune system should attack itself are far from clear, although the association with specific infectious diseases in genetically susceptible people remains perhaps our best lead. The input of the biotechnological revolution has enabled us to attempt to readdress many of the fundamental questions raised by clinical and serological associations with autoimmune disease. The ability to dissect the immune response to these infectious agents which are associated with autoimmune features (as well as the facility to identify new agents, e. g. HIV), in addition to the ability to clone and sequence immune response genes, has enabled a much better understanding, at least of the complexity of 'autoimmunity' to be gleaned. This volume contains the chapters that summarize the plenary presentations given at The Impact of Biotechnology on AUTOIMMUNI1Y meeting in Florence, Italy in June 1993. They cover all aspects from pathogenesis to treatment. The association with infectious diseases and autoimmunity is comprehensively covered by David Isenberg who reviews major issues, such as the association of autoantibodies appearing after infectious disease and antibacterial antibodies associated with autoimmune disease.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Which developments can be expected to take place in the dental health of the Dutch population in the decades to come, and what are the influential factors What effects might the changing supply of dental professionals, the additional substitution of responsibilities from dentists to dental hygienists and the possible reforms in health care insurance have on the nation's oral status These are some of the central questions discussed in this report by the Scenario Committee and the research group. For this purpose, the Committee developed a computer simulation model of dental health care which was used to analyze future scenarios. The future scenarios described in this report clearly show that a number of crucial decisions must be taken if dental health care is to remain accessible and available for all sections of the population in the future.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The author integrates discussions of fractal geometry, surface modeling techniques, and applications to real world problems to provide a comprehensive, accessible overview of the field. His work will equip researchers with the basic tools for measurement and interpretation of data, stimulating more work on these problems and, perhaps, leading to an understanding of the reasons that Nature has adopted this geometry to shape much of our world.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Great progresses have been made in the application of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic. Most remarkable area of application is 'fuzzy control', where fuzzy logic was first applied to plant control systems and its use is expanding to consumer products. Most of fuzzy control systems uses fuzzy inference with max-min or max-product composition, similar to the algorithm that first used by Mamdani in 1970s. Some algorithms are developed to refine fuzzy controls systems but the main part of algorithm stays the same. Triggered by the success of fuzzy control systems, other ways of applying fuzzy set theory are also investigated. They are usually referred to as 'fuzzy expert sys tems', and their purpose are to combine the idea of fuzzy theory with AI based approach toward knowledge processing. These approaches can be more generally viewed as 'fuzzy information processing', that is to bring fuzzy idea into informa tion processing systems.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Floods are natural hazards whose effects can deeply affect the economic and environmental equilibria of a region. Quality of life of people living in areas close to rivers depends on both the risk that a flood would occur and the reliability of flood forecast, warning and control systems. Tools for forecasting and mitigating floods have been developed through research in the recent past. Two innovations currently influence flood hazard mitigation, after many decades of lack of significant progress: they are the development of new technologies for real-time flood forecast and warning (based on weather radars and satellites) and a shift from structural to non-structural flood control measures, due to increased awareness of the importance of protecting the environment and the adverse impacts of hydraulic works on it. This book is a review of research progress booked in the improvements of forecast capability and the control of floods. Mostly the book presents the results of recent research in hydrology, modern techniques of real-time forecast and warning, and ways of controlling floods for smaller impacts on the environment. A number of case studies of floods in different geographical areas are also presented. Scientists and specialists working in fields of hydrology, environmental protection and hydraulic engineering will appreciate this book for its theoretical and practical content.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Man erziihlt von Enrico Fermi, er habe nie eine wissenschaftliche Veroffentli chung gelesen. Er las nur die ersten Zeilen, die aussagen sollten, was der Autor vorhatte. Sagten Sie das nicht, warf er die Arbeit gleich weg. Sagten sie es, legte er sie etwas sanfter beiseite, nahm einen Zettel und rechnete alles selbst aus. Manchmal bekam er weniger heraus als der Autor, manchmal aber auch mehr. Diese Arbeitsweise birgt fiir uns Nicht-Fermis gewisse Gefahren, ist aber zweifellos besser als ihr weit verbreitetes Gegenteil, fUr das gilt: 'Was man sich eine Woche vor dem Examen eingepaukt hat, vergiBt man in der Woche danach wieder'. Man braucht nicht Lempsychologie zu studieren, urn zu wissen, daB produktives Lemen nicht nur viel fruchtbarer, sondem vor allem taus end mal interessanter ist als rezeptives. Freilich muB das Problem selbst interessant sein, wenn man energisch genug anbeiBen solI. Ich habe versucht, solche Probleme zusammenzustellen. Natiirlich gibt es fast so viele verschiedene Meinungen dariiber, was interessant ist, wie es Menschen gibt, und ebenso dariiber, ob etwas leicht oder schwer oder wenig stens klar formuliert ist. Ich habe schon viele Schatzsuchen organisiert, bei denen ich mich fast schiimte und dachte, bei so glasklaren Hinweisen miiBten doch die Leute nach einer Minute direkt zum Versteck hinspazieren - und abends urn zehn hatten sie den Schatz immer noch nicht. Ganz entsprechend war es iibrigens auch, wenn ich mitsuchen muBte, was ein anderer 'ganz leicht' versteckt hatte. 484 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A new construction is given for approximating a logarithmicpotential by a discrete one. This yields a new approach toapproximation with weighted polynomials of the formw'n'(' '= uppercase)P'n'(' '= uppercase). The new techniquesettles several open problems, and it leads to a simpleproof for the strong asymptotics on some L p(uppercase)extremal problems on the real line with exponential weights,which, for the case p=2, are equivalent to power- typeasymptotics for the leading coefficients of thecorresponding orthogonal polynomials. The method is alsomodified toyield (in a sense) uniformly good approximationon the whole support. This allows one to deduce strongasymptotics in some L p(uppercase) extremal problems withvarying weights. Applications are given, relating to fastdecreasing polynomials, asymptotic behavior of orthogonalpolynomials and multipoint Pade approximation. The approachis potential-theoretic, but the text is self-contained. 124 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Fractals in Biology and Medicine explores the potential of fractal geometry for describing and understanding biological organisms, their development and growth as well as their structural design and functional properties. This volume begins by asking how the theoretical construct of fractal geometry can be applied to biomedical sciences and then addresses the role of fractals in the design and morphogenesis of biological organisms as well as in molecular and cell biology. 397 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume presents the proceedings of the third workshop on Information Systems and Artificial Intelligence, organized by the German Computer Science Society. The 11 invited contributions by well known researchers and developers working in the fields of databases and knowledge representation systems are centered around the topic of management and processing of complex data structures; they give a representative snapshot of the state-of-the-art in this fruitful interdisciplinary research area important for further progress in both, information systems and artificial intelligence. Most of the papers stress the demands for new or extended formalisms and their deductive capabilities, including an analysis of their formal properties for managing complex structures. 236 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Fault tolerance has been an active research area for many years. This volume presents papers from a workshop held in 1993 where a small number of key researchers and practitioners in the area met to discuss the experiences of industrial practitioners, to provide a perspective on the state of the art of fault tolerance research, to determine whether the subject is becoming mature, and to learn from the experiences so far in order to identify what might be important research topics for the coming years. The workshop provided a more intimate environment for discussions and presentations than usual at conferences. The papers in the volume were presented at the workshop, then updated and revised to reflect what was learned at the workshop. 332 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Fourth International Workshop on Database Programming Languages - Object Models and Languages (DBPL-4) took place in Manhattan, New York City, 30 August-1 September 1993. The areas of interest and the format of DBPL-4 focused on the integration of programming languages, object models, type systems and database systems. As in the previous DBPL workshops, the setting was informal, allowing the participants to actively discuss and argue about the ideas presented in the talks. The comments and remarks made by the participants during and after the presentations were taken into account in the preparation of the final versions of the papers. The result, we believe, is a set of excellent papers. The DBPL sequence is closely related to the sequence of International Workshops on Persistent Object Systems (POS), first started in 1985. While the DBPL workshops focus on language and model issues, the POS workshops have focused on implementation issues; thus the two sequences complement each other. Many researchers participate in both workshop series. The eight sessions of the technical program of DBPL-4 were as follows: 1. Bulk types and their query languages (two sessions). 2. Object models and languages. 3. Data types with order. 4. Mechanisms to support persistence, reflection, and extensibility. 5. Query optimization and integrity constraints. 6. Logic-based models. 7. Implementation and performance issues. 448 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The papers in this volume were presented at the SecondItalian Conference onAlgorithms and Complexity, held inFebruary 1994 in Rome. This biannual conference series isintended to present research contributions in theory andapplications of sequential, parallel, and distributedalgorithms, data structures, and computational complexity.The volume contains four invited presentations and 14regular presentations selected from 32 submissions, each ofwhich was evaluated by at least four program committeemembers. The invited presentations are by J. Hartmanis andS. Chari, A. Garg and R. Tamassia, S.C. Sahinalp and U.Vishkin, and M. Yannakakis. 236 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Oxidative catalysis by metalloporphyrin systems occupies a prominent role in the current research in the fields of chemical and biological catalysis. Our particular interest and approach has been to collect in the same volume papers dealing with both the chemical and biological aspects of the reactivity of heme systems because of the realization that a better understanding of the complementary discipline can be extremely useful for the researchers from either field. The current progress of the research on synthetic metalloporphyrin catalysts has led to the development of several systems that are able to reproduce the heme-enzyme mediated oxygenation and oxidation reactions, at least in terms of reaction types, mechanisms and often rates. These achievements have stimulated the of creating metalloporphyrin catalysts which are both ambitious project efficient and stable enough to become competitive for large-scale industrial processes. Although this project is still far from being realized, the efforts in this direction parallel those aimed at the application of heme enzymes to chemical technologies, e. g. for the mild, selective oxidation of organics or the detoxification of pollutants. Both the two approaches will be advantageous because while the enzyme systems can achieve selectivities which are probably unattainable by synthetic catalysts, the latter can be active under experimental conditions that would readily inactivate the enzymes. 372 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Computational unconstrained nonlinear optimization comes tolife from a study of the interplay between the metric-based(Cauchy) and model-based (Newton) points of view. Themotivating problem is that of minimizing a convex quadraticfunction. This research monograph reveals for the first timethe essential unity of the subject. It explores therelationships between the main methods, develops theNewton-Cauchy framework and points out its rich wealth ofalgorithmic implications and basic conceptual methods. Themonograph also makes a valueable contribution to unifyingthe notation and terminology of the subject. It is addressedtopractitioners, researchers, instructors, and students andprovides a useful and refreshing new perspective oncomputational nonlinear optimization. 120 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The CRYPTO '93 conference was sponsored by the International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR) and Bell-Northern Research (a subsidiary of Northern Telecom), in co-operation with the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee. It took place at the University of California, Santa Barbara, from August 22-26, 1993. This was the thirteenth annual CRYPTO conference, all of which have been held at UCSB. The conference was very enjoyable and ran very of the General Chair, Paul Van Oorschot. smoothly, largely due to the efforts It was a pleasure working with Paul throughout the months leading up to the conference. There were 136 submitted papers which were considered by the Program Committee. Of these, 38 were selected for presentation at the conference. There was also one invited talk at the conference, presented by Miles Smid, the title of which was 'A Status Report On the Federal Government Key Escrow System.' The conference also included the customary Rump Session, which was presided over by Whit Diffie in his usual inimitable fashion. Thanks again to Whit for organizing and running the Rump session. This year, the Rump Session included an interesting and lively panel discussion on issues pertaining to key escrowing. Those taking part were W. Diffie, J. Gilmore, S. Goldwasser, M. Hellman, A. Herzberg, S. Micali, R. Rueppel, G. Simmons and D. Weitzner. 504 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The substantial effort of parallelizing scientific programs is only justified if the resulting codes are efficient. Thus, all types of performance tuning are important to parallel software development. But performance improvements are much more difficult to achieve with parallel programs than with sequential programs. One way to overcome this difficulty is to bring in graphical tools. This monograph covers recent developments in parallel program visualization techniques and tools and demonstrates the application of specific visualization techniques and software tools to scientific parallel programs. The solution of initial value problems of ordinary differential equations, and numerical integration are treated in detail as two important examples. 328 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book presents the worked-out solutions for all the exercises in the text by Lang and Murrow. It will be of use not only to mathematics teachers, but also to students using the text for self-study. 136 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This publication provides guidance on preparing data to be input into an international computerised database for clinical case histories of persons accidentally exposed to whole body irradiation. The publication has resulted from a close collaboration between the Institute of Biophysics including its Hospital Number 6 in Moscow, Russia, and the Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine at the University of Ulm. In both institutions, much experience has been accumulated during the last 20 years in dealing with basic and clinical research in the field of radiation accident management. In both institutions many case histories of radiation accident victims have been recorded. On this basis the scientists and clinicians from both institutions developed, over the last two years, a pre computer proforma to feed the International Computer Database for Radiation Exposure Case Histories, with standardised data from clinical case histories of radiation accident victims. This activity should be seen as part of WHO efforts to establish a network of institutions around the world, competent in Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness and Assistance. This network has become known as REMPAN and it is prepared to provide medical advice and assistance when a radiation accident occurs in any country. The Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, at the University of Ulm, is part of this global network. 132 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The school, the book This book is based on lectures given by the authors of the various chapters in a three week long CIMPA summer school, held in Sophia-Antipolis (near Nice) in July 1992. The first week was devoted to the basics of symplectic and Riemannian geometry (Banyaga, Audin, Lafontaine, Gauduchon), the second was the technical one (Pansu, Muller, Duval, Lalonde and Sikorav). The final week saw the conclusion ofthe school (mainly McDuffand Polterovich, with complementary lectures by Lafontaine, Audin and Sikorav). Globally, the chapters here reflect what happened there. Locally, we have tried to reorganise some ofthe material to make the book more coherent. Hence, for instance, the collective (Audin, Lalonde, Polterovich) chapter on Lagrangian submanifolds and the appendices added to some of the chapters. Duval was not able to write up his lectures, so that genuine complex analysis will not appear in the book, although it is a very current tool in symplectic and contact geometry (and conversely). Hamiltonian systems and variational methods were the subject of some of Sikorav's talks, which he also was not able to write up. On the other hand, F. Labourie, who could not be at the school, wrote a chapter on pseudo-holomorphic curves in Riemannian geometry. 331 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The research fields of 'artificial intelligence and music' and 'cognitive musicology' are relative newcomers to the many interdisciplinary groupings based around the centre of AI and cognitive science. They are concerned with the computational study and emulation of human behaviour with respect to music, in many aspects, and with varying degrees of emphasis on psychological plausibility. Recent publications have included work in such diverse areas as rhythm and pitch perception, performance, composition, and formal analysis. Music shares with language the property of giving access to human mental behaviour in a very direct way. As such, it has the potential to be a very useful domain for AI work. Furthermore, in the course of time, AI related work will surely throw light back onto some or all of the fields to which it is applied. Indeed, we are already beginning to feel the benefits of the application of AI techniques to music technology. It is not surprising, therefore, that one of the first areas interest for of musical AI study is that of music education. There are many ways in which an artificial intelligence or cognitive science approach to music education may be applied - for example, to automate tuition, to explain learning processes, to provide metaphors for human computer interaction, and so on. This collection of papers, which is intended to give an impression of both the breadth and depth of the field, originated from a workshop entitled 'Music Education: An Artificial Intelligence Approach'. 184 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Das Lehrbuch entstand im Rahmen der Vorlesung 'Informatik im Maschinenbau' an der RWTH Aachen. Sein Ziel ist, Maschinenbaustudenten zu vermitteln - für welche Zwecke - unter welchen Bedingungen - mit welchen Folgen Rechnersysteme im Rahmen der Lösung von Ingenieurproblemen eingesetzt werden können. Besonderer Wert wurde dabei auf die Darlegung des Zusammenhangs zwischen den Konzepten der Informatik und ihrer Anwendung in der Industriepraxis gelegt. Das Lehrbuch wendet sich in erster Linie an Studenten des Maschinenbaus im Grundstudium. 304 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This monograph integrates AI and decision-theoretic approaches to the representation of planning problems by developing a first-order logic of time, chance, and action for representing and reasoning about plans. The semantics of the logic incorporates intuitive properties of time, chance, and action central to the planning problem. The logical language integrates both modal and probabilistic constructs and allows quantification over time points, probability values, and domain individuals. The language can represent the chance that facts hold and events occur at various times and that actions and other events affect the future. An algorithm for the problem of building construction planning is developed and the logic is used to prove the algorithm correct. 148 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -A new construction is given for approximating a logarithmicpotential by a discrete one. This yields a new approach toapproximation with weighted polynomials of the formw'n'(' '= uppercase)P'n'(' '= uppercase). The new techniquesettles several open problems, and it leads to a simpleproof for the strong asymptotics on some L p(uppercase)extremal problems on the real line with exponential weightswhich, for the case p=2, are equivalent to power- typeasymptotics for the leading coefficients of thecorresponding orthogonal polynomials. The method is alsomodified toyield (in a sense) uniformly good approximationon the whole support. This allows one to deduce strongasymptotics in some L p(uppercase) extremal problems withvarying weights. Applications are given, relating to fastdecreasing polynomials, asymptotic behavior of orthogonalpolynomials and multipoint Pade approximation. The approachis potential-theoretic, but the text is self-contained.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 124 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Not so if the book has been translated into Arabic. Now the reader can discern no meaning in the letters. The text conveys almost no information to the reader, yet the linguistic informa tion contained by the book is virtually the same as in the English original. The reader, familiar with books will still recognise two things, however: First, that the book is a book. Second, that the squiggles on the page represent a pattern of abstractions which probably makes sense to someone who understands the mean ing of those squiggles. Therefore, the book as such, will still have some meaning for the English reader, even if the content of the text has none. Let us go to a more extreme case. Not a book, but a stone, or a rock with engravings in an ancient language no longer under stood by anyone alive. Does such a stone not contain human information even if it is not decipherable Suppose at some point in the future, basic knowledge about linguistics and clever computer aids allow us to decipher it Or suppose someone discovers the equivalent of a Rosetta stone which allows us to translate it into a known language, and then into English Can one really say that the stone contained no information prior to translation It is possible to argue that the stone, prior to deciphering contained only latent information. 168 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Not so if the book has been translated into Arabic. Now the reader can discern no meaning in the letters. The text conveys almost no information to the reader, yet the linguistic informa tion contained by the book is virtually the same as in the English original. The reader, familiar with books will still recognise two things, however: First, that the book is a book. Second, that the squiggles on the page represent a pattern of abstractions which probably makes sense to someone who understands the mean ing of those squiggles. Therefore, the book as such, will still have some meaning for the English reader, even if the content of the text has none. Let us go to a more extreme case. Not a book, but a stone, or a rock with engravings in an ancient language no longer under stood by anyone alive. Does such a stone not contain human information even if it is not decipherable Suppose at some point in the future, basic knowledge about linguistics and clever computer aids allow us to decipher it Or suppose someone discovers the equivalent of a Rosetta stone which allows us to translate it into a known language, and then into English Can one really say that the stone contained no information prior to translation It is possible to argue that the stone, prior to deciphering contained only latent information. 168 pp. Englisch.