springer springer jan 1991 (396 risultati)

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -'Hands are useless if there are no eyes to see what is obvious.' -M. V. Lomonosov Dear Reader, I invite you to open this book and step on the semiconductor surface, where the processes that form the subject of the book come into play. The surface of the semiconductor is attracting more and more interest among researchers, in fact researchers in two different fields. These are notably the physicists and engineers engaged in research in semi conductor physics and the making of semiconductor devices. The entire industry of semiconductor instruments hinges on the problem of the surface. The quality of semiconductor devices, whose use is growing steadily, depends essentially on the properties of the surface. The instability of these properties and their uncon trollable alterations with temperature and under the influence of environmental conditions result in a lack of stability in the performance of semiconductor devices, hence the high percentage of waste in their industrial production. The methods used in factory laboratories to prevent such waste are largely empirical. The properties of the surface, the nature of the physicochemical processes that take place on it, and the role of environmental factors still remain obscure. A major task of the semiconductor industry is to learn to control the properties of the surface.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The past 20 years have seen the emergence of family violence as one of the most critical problems facing society. The alarming incidence figures of abuse and neglect directed toward family members justify this atten tion. For example, over 1 million children are thought to be abused and neglected each year. Similarly, almost 2 million women are victims of wife battering each year. Annual rates of elderly mistreatment are thought to be as high as 32 per 1000 population. Accurate epidemiologi cal data only now are being compiled on more recently recognized forms of mistreatment, such as psychological abuse, ritualistic abuse of chil dren, and child witnessing of adult violence. The pervasiveness of do mestic mistreatment makes it a priority for clinicians and researchers alike. For clinicians, intrafamilial violence represents a formidable chal lenge with respect to assessment and treatment. The etiology of abuse and neglect is multidetermined. There are numerous pathways in the development of family violence, and these interact and converge in a nonlinear fashion. The consequences of family violence are equally com plex and divergent. Victims of mistreatment can display a variety of physical injuries and psychological disturbances. No single psychiatric syndrome or symptom constellation has been consistently implicated in any form of family mistreatment. The perpetrators of family violence are equally heterogeneous in their clinical presentations. Illustrative dys functions in perpetrators include skill deficits, substance abuse, mental illness, and impulse-control disorders.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Nuclear medicine is the bridge between a particular clinical problern and a relevant test using radionuclides. It began as a minor technical tool used in a few branches of medicine, notably endocrinology and nephrology. However, throughout the world it has now become established as a clinical discipline in its own right, with specific training programmes, special skills and a particular approach to patient management. Although the practising nuclear medicine physician must necessarily learn a great deal of basic science and technology, a sound medical training and a clinical approach to the subject remains of fundamental importance. It is for this reason that we have attempted in this book to approach the subject from a clinical standpoint, including where necessary relevant physiological material. There exist many excellent texts which cover the basic science and technology of nuclear medicine. We have, therefore, severely limited our coverage of these aspects of the subject to matters which we felt tobe essential, particularly those which have been less well covered in other texts- for example, the contents of Chapter 20 on Measurement by Royal and McNeill. Similarly, we have limited details of methodology to skeletal summaries of protocol (Appendix 1) and have included at the end of some chapters descriptions of particular techniques where we and the authors felt that it would be helpful.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 'Hands are useless if there are no eyes to see what is obvious.' -M. V. Lomonosov Dear Reader, I invite you to open this book and step on the semiconductor surface, where the processes that form the subject of the book come into play. The surface of the semiconductor is attracting more and more interest among researchers, in fact researchers in two different fields. These are notably the physicists and engineers engaged in research in semi conductor physics and the making of semiconductor devices. The entire industry of semiconductor instruments hinges on the problem of the surface. The quality of semiconductor devices, whose use is growing steadily, depends essentially on the properties of the surface. The instability of these properties and their uncon trollable alterations with temperature and under the influence of environmental conditions result in a lack of stability in the performance of semiconductor devices, hence the high percentage of waste in their industrial production. The methods used in factory laboratories to prevent such waste are largely empirical. The properties of the surface, the nature of the physicochemical processes that take place on it, and the role of environmental factors still remain obscure. A major task of the semiconductor industry is to learn to control the properties of the surface.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1: Fundamentals.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Data Aquisition.- Map Construction.- Interpolation.- 1.3 Spatial Sampling.- 1.4 Reference and Reference-Dependence.- 1.5 Map Display Methods.- Scaling and Floating Voltage Scales.- Summary Maps.- 1.6 Identification of Topographic Features.- 1.7 Spike Mapping.- 1.8 Post-Processing.- Analog Front-end.- Digital Filtering.- Reference Manipulation.- Statistical Mapping.- Global Field Power.- Correlation Analysis.- Source Localization.- 1.9 Frequency Analysis.- 2: Source Modelling and Analysis.- 2.1 Concepts of a Source.- 2.2 Physical Model.- 2.3 Inverse Solution.- 2.4 Stability of Dipole Solutions.- 2.5 Data Characterization.- 3: Magnetoencephalography.- 3.1 Instrumentation.- 3.2 Meg Measurements and Generators.- Meg Generators.- Regional Generators.- The Inverse Problem for MEG.- 3.3 Spontaneous MEG Rhythms.- 3.4 Review of MEG Studies.- 3.5 Concerns and Outlook.- 4: Statistical Approaches.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Assumptions and Difficulties.- 4.3 Normative Data.- 4.4 Statistical Comparisons.- 4.5 Classification.- 4.6 Exploratory vs. Confirmatory Analysis.- 5: Selected Normative Data.- Flash VEP.- Pattern Reversal VEP.- P300 AEP.- Resting EEG.- References.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1: Production and Seed Improvement.- 1 Rapeseed and Canola: Global Production and Distribution.- 2 North American Production of Canola.- 3 Agronomy of Canola in the United States.- 4 New Developments in Canola Research.- 5 The Role of Biotechnology in Canola/Rapeseed Research.- 2: Chemistry, Analysis, and Nutritional Effects.- 6 Canola Fatty Acids-An Ideal Mixture for Health, Nutrition, and Food Use.- 7 Stability of Canola Oil.- 8 Hydrogenation of Canola Oil.- 9 Glucosinolates: Structure-Properties-Function.- 10 Phytates in Canola/Rapeseed.- 11 Phenolic Acids and Tannins in Rapeseed and Canola.- 12 Carbohydrates of Canola and Rapeseed.- 13 Application of Near Infrared to the Analysis of Oil, Protein, Chlorophyll, and Glucosinolates in Canola/Rapeseed.- 3: Commercial Processing and New Developments.- 14 Commercial Processing of Canola and Rapeseed: Crushing and Oil Extraction.- 15 Further Processing of Canola and Rapeseed Oil.- 16 Enzyme Pretreatment to Enhance Oil Extractability in Canola.- 17 Removal of Glucosinolates and Other Antinutritients from Canola and Rapeseed by Methanol/Ammonia Processing.- 18 Ultrafiltration in Rapeseed Processing.- 19 Aqueous Enzymatic Processing of Rapeseed for Production of High Quality Products.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Triazenes: Synthesis and Chemical Properties.- Mechanisms of the Biological Actions of Triazenes.- Triazenes and Triazene N-Oxides: Antitumour Action in Animal Tumour Systems.- Antimestastatic Action of Triazene Derivatives.- Effects of Triazenes on Immune Responses.- Xenogenization of Experimental Tumors by Triazene Derivatives.- The Metabolism of Antineoplastic Triazenes.- Notes on the Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Mode of Action of N-Methyl and N-Ethyl-Triazenes in Relation to Their Pharmacological Activity.- Clinical Use of Triazenes.- Clinical Studies with the p-Carboxyl-Dimethyl-Phenyl-Triazene CB10-277.- Triazenes: Therapeutic Considerations and Perspectives.- Antitumor Imidazotetrazines: Prodrugs Targeted to the Major Groove of DNA.- O6-Alkylguanine-DNA-Alkyltransferase Gene Expression and the Cytotoxicity of Triazenes.- N-Methylmelamines, a Unique Class of Anti-Tumour Agents .- Experimental Background and Early Clinical Studies with Imidazotetrazine Derivatives.- 'O6-Alkylguanine-DNA-Alkyltransferase: Significance, Methods of Measurement and Some Human Tumor and Normal Tissue Levels' (Contributions of the Workshop).- Summary of Poster-Sessions.- Contributors.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 The Hanle Effect and Level-Crossing Spectroscopy-An Introduction.- 1. Historical Survey.- 2. Classical Interpretation of the Hanle Effect.- 3. Quantum Mechanical Interpretation of the Hanle Effect.- 4. The Density Matrix Formalism for the Hanle Effect (Broad-Band Excitation).- 5. Laser Excitation and Pressure-Induced Coherences.- 6. Nonzero-Field Level Crossing.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- Appendix. Magnetic Effects on the Polarization of Resonance Fluorescence (original work by Wilhelm Hanle, translated by G. Moruzzi).- 2 The Hanle Effect and Atomic Physics.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. General Expression for the Hanle Signal in Terms of the Density Matrix.- 2. Spectroscopic Applications.- 2.1. Determination of Atomic Constants.- 2.2. Measurements of Laser-Level Populations.- 2.3. Increasing Resolution, Subnatural Linewidth Effects.- 2.4. Forward Scattering, Line Crossing.- 2.5. Technical Applications.- 3. Collisions.- 3.1. Hanle Effect with Collisional Excitation.- 3.2. Hanle Effect and Optogalvanic Detection.- 3.3. Collision-Induced Hanle Resonances.- 3.4. Fluctuation-Induced Hanle Resonances.- 4. Hanle Effect in Strong Laser Fields.- 4.1. General Characteristic.- 4.2. Specific Situations.- 4.3. Hanle Effect and Nonlinear Optics.- 5. Hanle Effect in Quantum Optics.- 5.1. Dressed-Atom Model.- 5.2. Hanle Effect with Fluctuating Fields.- 5.3. Squeezing in the Hanle Effect.- References.- 3 The Hanle Effect and Level-Crossing Spectroscopy on Molecules.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Level-Crossing Signal.- 3. Comparison with Quantum Beat Experiments.- 4. Excitation of Molecules.- 5. Lifetime Investigations.- 6. Landé g-Factors.- 7. Electric-Field Level Crossing.- 8. Stark-Zeeman Recrossing and High-Field Level Crossing.- 9. Hanle Effect on NO2.- 9.1. The Influence of Detection Geometry.- 9.2. Details of the Hanle-Effect Signal.- 9.3. Collisions.- 9.4. Discussion of Hanle-Effect Experiments on NO2.- 10. Conclusion.- References.- 4 The Nonlinear Hanle Effect and Its Applications to Laser Physics.- 1. The Nonlinear Hanle Effect and Its Experimental Observation.- 2. Saturation Intensity and Saturated Linewidth.- 3. The Three-Level Case: Homogeneously Broadened Lines.- 4. The Three-Level Case: Doppler-Broadened Lines and the Rate Equations.- 5. The General Case.- 6. The Rate-Equation Approach to the Nonlinear Hanle Effect in Inhomogeneously Broadened Transitions.- 7. The Nonlinear Hanle Effect with a Gaussian Laser Beam.- 8. The Nonlinear Hanle Effect in Absorption.- 9. The Nonlinear Hanle Effect in Laser-Active Media.- 9.1. The He-Ne Laser.- 9.2. The Xe Laser.- 9.3. The He-CdII and He-ZnII Lasers.- 9.4. The Noble-Gas Ion Lasers.- 9.5. Optically Pumped Far-Infrared Lasers.- 9.6. Other Lasers.- 9.7. Conclusions.- References.- 5 Applications of the Hanle Effect in Solar Physics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Brief Review of the Properties of Solar Magnetic Fields.- 3. Overview of the Diagnostic Possibilities and Limitations of the Hanle Effect.- 4. Basic Theoretical Concepts for Applications in Astrophysics.- 5. Diagnostics of Magnetic Fields in Solar Prominences.- 6. Survey of Scattering Polarization on the Solar Disk.- 7. Diagnostics of Turbulent Magnetic Fields.- 8. Diagnostics of Magnetic Fields in the Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region and Above.- 9. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 6 Applications of the Hanle Effect in Solid State Physics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Hanle Effect on Free Electrons.- 2.1. Optical Orientation of Electron Spins.- 2.2. Occurrence of Electron-Nucleus Interaction in Polarized Luminescence.- 2.3. Optical Alignment of Electron Momenta in a Magnetic Field.- 3. The Hanle Effect on Excitons.- 3.1. The 8 × 6 and 7 × 6 Excitons in Cubic Crystals.- 3.2. The 9 × 7 and 7 × 7 Excitons in Hexagonal II-VI Crystals with Wurtzite Structure.- 3.3. The 7 × 8 Excitons in III-VI Crystals with Symmetry Class D3h.- 3.4. The Influence of Reemission on the Hanle Effect.- 3.5. Hot Excitons and Polaritons.- 4. The H.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - I The Reemerging Field of Clinical Sociology.- 1. Clinical Sociology: Defining the Field.- Toward a Definition.- Distinctiveness of the Sociological Approach.- The Sociological Perspective.- Theory.- Sociological Methods.- Roles for Clinical Sociologists.- Organizational Consultant/Organizational Development.- Social Impact Assessment.- Community Organization.- Mediation/Conflict Resolution.- Program Development/Program Evaluation.- Counselor/Sociotherapy.- Trainer/Teacher.- Broker.- Advocate.- Group Facilitator.- Conclusion.- References.- 2. The Emergence of American Clinical Sociology.- The First Courses in Clinical Sociology.- The Appearance of the Label Clinical Sociology.- Pre-SPA Publications: 1930-1977.- Post-SPA Publications: 1978-1988.- Conclusion.- References.- II General Practice Concerns.- 3. Assessment in Clinical Sociology.- The Logic of Clinical Assessment.- Analytical Assessment Phases.- Preliminary Screening.- Intake Assessment Survey.- Exploratory Assessment.- Assessment of Possible Interventions.- Summatory Assessment.- References.- 4. Intervention in Clinical Sociology.- The Diversity and Unity of Intervention in Clinical Sociology.- Guiding Themes.- Science.- Intervention as Process.- Intervention as a Humanistic Pursuit.- The Goal of Intervention Is Behavior Change.- Problems Addressed as Social Problems.- Barriers to Change.- Loci of Intervention: Targets for Change.- Approaches to Intervention.- Conclusion.- References.- 5. Program Evaluation and Clinical Sociology.- Four Models of Program Evaluation.- The Objectives-Based Model.- The Decision-Oriented Model.- The Naturalistic Inquiry Model.- The Expert Model.- A Utilization-Focused Perspective.- Issues in Planning and Conducting Evaluations.- Should We Evaluate .- Who Should Evaluate .- What Should Be Evaluated .- How Should the Evaluation Be Done .- How to Deal with Evaluation Findings .- After the Evaluation, Then What .- References.- 6. Communication and Relationships with Clients.- On Relationships, Generally.- The Clinical Relationship.- Presenting Conditions.- Communication.- Preparing for Communication.- Initial Meetings.- Approaching Clients.- Barriers, Breakdowns, and Problems.- Client Training Clinician.- Conclusion.- References.- 7. Ethics in Clinical Sociology.- Ethical Ideals and behavior.- Models of a Helping Relationship.- Roles and Norms.- Cultural Sensitivities.- Self-Disclosure of Professional and Client.- Privileged Communication and Confidentiality.- Manipulation of behavior.- Rights of Clients and Practitioners.- Self-Determination.- Negotiating Sound Contracts.- Evaluation Research.- The Clinical Sociologist as an Expert Witness.- Professional Accountability.- Malpractice.- New Ethical Issues.- Appendix A: Ethical Standards of Sociological Practitioners.- Appendix B: A Patient's Bill of Rights.- Appendix C: Standards for the Expert Witness.- References.- 8. The Effects of Social Change on Clinical Practice.- Conceptual Considerations.- Contextual Determination.- Determining the Context of Advanced Technological Society.- Macrolevel Changes.- Mesolevel Changes.- Microlevel Changes.- Conclusions.- References.- III Clinical Sociology in Specific Settings.- 9. Clinical Sociology with Individuals and Families.- The Relevance of Sociology to Counseling.- The Thematic Approach to Sociological Counseling.- Autonomy and Constraint: A Guiding Theme.- Counseling Stages and Sociological Contributions.- Intake and Introduction.- Assessment and Evaluation.- Intervention and Follow-Up.- A General Approach.- On Expressive and Instrumental Action.- Specifying Facts and Likely Consequences.- Reality Construction and Time Allocation.- Establishing Rituals.- Follow-Up: Clinical Interventions as Hypothesis Testing.- Conclusion.- References.- 10. Public Policies and Clinical Sociology.- Basic Questions and Tasks.- Getting Acquainted.- Visualizing the Social Situation.- Diagnosing Problems.- Defining Goals.- Developing Strategies.- Intervening Diplom.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Section I Selected Aquatic Plant Organisms.- Dasycladaceae: A Family of Giant unicellular Algae Ideal for Research.- Acetabularia: A Giant Unicellular Organism for Studying Polarity.- Model Algal System to Study Plant Development.- Section II Selected Aquatic Animal Organisms.- Experimental Analysis of Developmental Processes in Marine Hydroids.- Reproduction and Development in Ctenophores.- Descriptive and Experimental Embryology of the Turbellaria: Present Knowledge, Open Questions and Future Trends.- Growth, Degrowth and Regeneration as Developmental Phenomena in Adult Freshwater Planarians.- Genealogy, Geometry and Genes: Experimental Embryology of Caenorhabditis elegans.- Gap Junctional Communication and Cell Cycle Duration in the Early Molluscan Embryo.- In vitro Preparation of the Early Squid Blastoderm.- On the Establishment of Polarity in Polychaete Eggs.- Experimental Embryology in Leeches: Cellular and Molecular Approaches.- Practical Approaches to the Study of Nervous System Development in Hirudinid Leeches.- Starfish Oocytes and Sea Urchin Eggs as Models to Study the Intracellular Mechanisms Controlling the Cell Division Cycle.- Morphogenesis in the Sea Urchin Embryo: Mechanism of Gastrulation.- Fertilization in Aquatic Animals.- Patterns of Gene Expression during Ascidian Development.- Some Contributions of Research on Early Teleost Embryogenesis to General Problems of Development.- Gastrulation in the Zebrafish Brachydanio rerio (Teleostei) as seen in the Scanning Electron Microscope.- Section III Historical and Conceptual Aspects of 'Causal Embryology'.- L'Epigenèse et la Préformation à l'Epoque de l'Embryologie Causale.- Section IV Contributions of General Value to Embryological Research.- The Role of Retinoic Acid in Vertebrate Limb Morphogenesis.- Physiological Approach to the Early Embryogenesis.- Environmental Pollution and Embryonic Development: Relevance of Standardized Toxicological Tests.- Participants Photo.- Author Index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Photoregulation of plant gene expression.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Photoregulatory responses and levels of control.- 1.2.1 Genes respond differentially to light.- 1.2.2 Transcription is the primary, but not the only, level at which gene expression is controlled by light.- 1.3 Photoreceptors.- 1.3.1 Phytochrome mediates responses in dark-grown plants.- 1.3.2 Developing plastids produce a factor that is required for maximal expression of genes encoding chloroplast proteins.- 1.3.3 In mature leaf tissue phytochrome acts in conjunction with a UV-blue photoreceptor.- 1.3.4 A UV-B photoreceptor interacts with other photoreceptors to control chalcone synthase gene expression.- 1.3.5 Expression of several photoregulated genes exhibits a circadian rhythm.- 1.3.6 The phytochrome genes are subject to autoregulation.- 1.3.7 Overexpression of phytochrome genes in transgenic plants causes morphogenetic effects.- 1.4 DNA sequence elements responsible for photoregulation.- 1.4.1 RbcS genes.- 1.4.2 Cab genes.- 1.4.3 Phytochrome genes.- 1.4.4 The ferredoxin gene.- 1.4.5 Chalcone synthase genes.- 1.5 Concluding remarks.- References.- 2 Hormonal regulation of plant gene expression.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2. Auxin: rapid effects on anonymous genes.- 2.2.1 Relating auxin-regulated gene expression to auxin growth responses.- 2.3 Gibberellin: coordinate and non-coordinate regulation of gene expression.- 2.3.1 Approaching the molecular mechanisms of GA regulation.- 2.3.2 The acquisition of GA sensitivity.- 2.4 Abscisic acid: stress and development.- 2.5 Cytokinin and ethylene.- 2.5.1 Control of gene expression by cytokinin.- 2.5.2 Control of gene expression by ethylene.- 2.6 Conclusion.- References.- 3 Gene activity during tuber formation in the potato (Solanum tuberosum).- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Development and anatomy of the tuber.- 3.3 Biochemical differentiation during tuber formation.- 3.3.1 The enzymes of starch metabolism.- 3.3.2 The regulation and function of patatin genes.- 3.3.3 The activity of other genes in potato tubers.- 3.4 Future prospects and application of genetic engineering to tubers.- References.- 4 Control of flavonoid synthesis and manipulation of flower colour.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Flavonoid biosynthesis.- 4.2.1 Flavonoids: structure and function.- 4.2.2 Flavonoids: biosynthesis route.- 4.3 Flavonoids as flower pigments.- 4.3.1 Anthocyanins.- 4.3.2 Yellow and colourless flavonoids.- 4.4 Genetic engineering of flower colour.- 4.4.1 Classical breeding.- 4.4.2 Molecular flower breeding.- References.- 5 The molecular basis for sexual incompatibility.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Angiosperm incompatibility systems.- 5.2.1 Cellular aspects of pollen-pistil interactions.- 5.2.2 Genetics of the one-locus incompatibilities.- 5.3 Molecular analysis of SI in Brassica.- 5.3.1 SLSG and its involvement in SI.- 5.3.2 Expression of SLSG in the stigma.- 5.3.3 Expression in anthers.- 5.3.4 The structure of SLSG.- 5.3.5 The S-multigene family.- 5.3.6 Comparison of the SLSG-structural gene and an S-locus related gene.- 5.3.7 S-sequences are conserved in the crucifer family.- 5.3.8 Gene interactions and the inheritance of self-compatibility.- 5.3.9 Evolution.- 5.3.10 Applications in breeding.- 5.4 Summary and prospects.- References.- 6 Control of gene expression in the developing seed.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Phases of seed development.- 6.3 Primary structure and flanking regions of some seed protein genes.- 6.3.1 2S-type genes.- 6.3.2 7S-type genes.- 6.3.3 11S-type genes.- 6.3.4 Cereal genes.- 6.4 Transcriptional control of seed storage protein genes is the major regulatory process.- 6.5 The role of post-transcriptional events in storage protein gene expression.- 6.6 Genetic lesions affecting seed protein expression.- 6.7 Role of hormones in seed protein gene expression.- 6.8 Proposed regulatory sequence elements in seed protein genes.- 6.9 Expression of seed protein genes in transgenic plants.- 6.9.1 7S vicilin-like genes.- 6.9.2 11S legumin-lik.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Botany.- 2 The cultivated hop.- 3 Production methods.- 4 Harvesting.- 5 Pests and diseases: historical review.- 6 Pests.- 7 Fungal diseases.- 8 Virus diseases.- 9 Varieties and breeding.- 10 The hop trade.- References.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Seafood Quality.- 1. Microbiology of Finfish and Finfish Processing.- Harvesting and Onboard Handling.- Fishing Vessel Sanitation.- Processing.- Preservatives.- References.- 2. Microbiology of Bivalve Molluscan Shellfish.- Biology of the Bivalves.- Public Health Concerns.- Microflora of Bivalves at Harvest.- Shellstock Harvesting and Handling.- Bivalve Processing.- Heat Processing.- Indicators of Spoilage.- Summary.- References.- 3. Microbiology of Crustacea Processing: Crabs.- Harvest and Utilization.- Microbiological Flora.- Processing and Microbiological Quality Control.- Summary.- References.- 4. Microbiology of Crustacean Processing: Shrimp, Crawfish, and Prawns.- Naturally Occurring Microflofa.- Yeasts, Molds, Fungi, and Viruses.- Microbiological Changes Through the Distribution System.- Microorganisms Associated with Seafood Spoilage.- Microorganisms of Public Health Concern.- Effect of Freezing on Micororganisms.- Retail Handling Procedures.- Simulated Retail Procedures.- Ice-Only Service Cases.- Refrigerated Display Case.- Retail Display Summary.- References.- 5. Microbiology of Mince, Surimi, and Value-Added Seafoods.- Mince.- Surimi.- Value-Added Seafoods.- General Microbiological Aspects of Mince, Surimi, and Value-Added Products.- References.- 6. U.S. Seafood Inspection and HACCP.- Food and Drug Administration (FDA).- U.S. Department of Commerce (USDC).- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).- Department of Defense (DOD).- State Seafood Inspection Activities.- Inspection Approaches.- What Is HACCP .- How Is HACCP Applied .- HACCP Beyond Microbiology.- HACCP Applications to Marine Food Products.- HACCP Sampling Procedures.- Appendix: Glossary of Terms.- References.- 2 Seafood Safety.- 7. Indicators and Alternate Indicators of Growing Water Quality.- Historical Perspectives.- Emerging Environmental Issues That Question Basic Assumptions.- Sources and Composition of Indicator Organisms in Shellfish Growing Waters.- Influence of the Estuarine-Marine Environment on the Fate of Allochthonous Indicators of Fecal Contamination.- Indicator Systems.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 8. Viruses in Seafoods.- Families of Human Enteric Viruses Associated with Pollution of Marine Waters with Human Feces.- Human Enteric Viral Pathogens Associated with Processing Distribution and Preparation of Seafoods.- Summary of Reported Seafood-Associated Viral Disease Outbreaks 1973-1987.- References.- 9. Seafood-Transmitted Zoonoses in the United States: The Fishes, the Dishes, and the Worms.- Cestodes.- Digeneans.- Nematodes.- Acanthocephalans.- Other Metazoan Agents.- Risks.- Aquaculture and Parasites.- Prevention of Human Infections.- Public Education.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 10. Nonindigenous Bacterial Pathogens.- Open Water Harvest and Pollution.- Pollution and Aquaculture Systems.- Relative Incidence of Enterics in Seafood Illness.- Clostridium botulinum.- Listeria monocytogenes.- Staphylococcus aureus.- Salmonella.- Shigella.- Conclusions.- References.- 11. Indigenous Pathogens: Vibrionaceae.- Vibrio.- Aeromonas.- Plesiomonas.- Summary.- References.- 12. Natural Toxins.- The Known Seafood Toxin Syndromes.- Management.- Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 13. Scombroid Poisoning.- Clinical Aspects.- Epidemiology of Scombroid Fish Poisoning.- Formation of Histamine in Fish.- Histamine Toxicity.- Analysis of Histamine in Fish.- Histamine Regulation (U.S.).- References.- 3 Special Processing and Packaging.- 14. Principles of Pasteurization and Minimally Processed Seafoods.- Pasteurization.- Minimally Processed Seafoods (Sous Vide Seafood Products).- Effect of Container Type.- Common Problems.- Concept of Microbial Survivors in a Batch.- Use of Steam Tunnel Processes to Reduce Microbial Levels.- Clostridium botulinum Type E.- Appendix: Explanation of Terms.- References.- 15. Modified Atmosphere Packaging.- Proposed Mechanisms of Action.- MAP Storage and Gutted Fish.- Studies.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Quality control and standardization of methodology having become increasingly important in nutritional epidemiology studies. The contributors to this book aim to provide an updated manual for nutritional status assessment.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -'Hands are useless if there are no eyes to see what is obvious.' -M. V. Lomonosov Dear Reader, I invite you to open this book and step on the semiconductor surface, where the processes that form the subject of the book come into play. The surface of the semiconductor is attracting more and more interest among researchers, in fact researchers in two different fields. These are notably the physicists and engineers engaged in research in semi conductor physics and the making of semiconductor devices. The entire industry of semiconductor instruments hinges on the problem of the surface. The quality of semiconductor devices, whose use is growing steadily, depends essentially on the properties of the surface. The instability of these properties and their uncon trollable alterations with temperature and under the influence of environmental conditions result in a lack of stability in the performance of semiconductor devices, hence the high percentage of waste in their industrial production. The methods used in factory laboratories to prevent such waste are largely empirical. The properties of the surface, the nature of the physicochemical processes that take place on it, and the role of environmental factors still remain obscure. A major task of the semiconductor industry is to learn to control the properties of the surface. 444 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - While making up a larger percentage of the total number of designs produced each year, ASICs present special problems for system designers in the area of testing because each design is complex and unique. This book shows readers how to apply basic test techniques to ASIC design, details the impact o.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Blood Cell Biochemistry was initially conceived as part of the Plenum series Subcellular Biochemistry, from which it has developed into a separate series. The present volume is devoted primarily to contributions on megakaryocytes and platelets and, to a lesser extent, to macrophages and eosinophils. The book does not attempt a rigorous or total coverage of the particular topics; it represents the areas of current scientific activity and interest that were selected by the editor at the commencement of this project. In general, the approach has been similar to that adopted for Volume 1 of the series (Erythroid Cells); the same approach will be followed subsequently in Volume 3 (Lymphocytes and Granulocytes). This book opens with a developmentally oriented chapter by Janine Breton-Gorius on megakaryocyte maturation and platelet release in normal conditions, which serves to set the scene ultrastructurally for much of the data that follow. The biosynthesis and process ing of platelet glycoproteins in megakaryocytes is dealt with by Alain Duperray and his colleagues, and thereby provides an in-depth biochemical survey of the megakaryocyte. The applications and strengths of crossed immunoelectrophoresis for the study of platelet membrane proteins is then covered by Simon Karpatkin, and a detailed account of the heredity disorders of platelet function is provided by Francine Rendu and Evelyne Dupuy.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Present-day scienceand technology have become increasingly based on studies and applications of thin films. This is especiallytrue of solid-state physics, semiconduc tor electronics, integrated optics, computer science, and the like. In these fields, it is necessary to use filmswith an ordered structure, especiallysingle-crystallinefilms, because physical phenomena and effects in such films are most reproducible. Also, active parts of semiconductor and other devices and circuits are created, as a rule, in single-crystal bodies. To date, single-crystallinefilms have been mainly epitaxial (or heteroepitaxial); i.e., they have been grown on a single-crystalline substrate, and principal trends, e.g., in the evolution of integrated circuits (lCs), have been based on continuing reduction in feature size and increase in the number of components per chip. However, as the size decreases into the submicrometer range, technological and physical limitations in integrated electronics become more and more severe. It is generally believed that a feature size of about 0.1um will have a crucial character. In other words, the present two-dimensional ICs are anticipated to reach their limit of minimization in the near future, and it is realized that further increase of packing density and/or functions might depend on three-dimensional integration. To solve the problem, techniques for preparation of single-crystalline films on arbitrary (including amorphous) substrates are essential.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Welcome.- Elliott F. Osserman In Memoriam.- The 1990 Guidelines for Nomenclature and Classification of Amyloid and Amyloidosis.- I Protein Aa/Saa and Secondary Amyloidosis.- The Human Saa Genes and Their Regulation by Cytokines.- Genetic Isofocusing Variant of Human Serum Amyloid A.- Sequence Analysis of a Third Human Saa Gene.- Human Serum Amyloid-A Protein: Variability Demonstrated by Cdna Sequencing and Expression Studies.- Abyssinian Cat Model of Aa Amyloidosis: Saa Gene Analysis.- Mink Serum Amyloid a Protein - Expression and Primary Structure of Amyloidogenic and Non-Amyloidogenic Isotypes.- Primary Structure of Two Rabbit Serum Amyloid a Proteins (Saa) Based on Cdna Sequence.- Biosynthesis and Processing of Saa by Mouse L-Cells Transfected with the Human Saag9 Gene.- Regulation of Serum Amyloid a (Saa) Synthesis in Hep 3B Cells by Cytokines and Corticosteroids.- Regulation of Saa Synthesis by Cytokines in a Human Hepatoma Cell Line.- Saa Secretion from Cytokine-Stimulated Human Hepatoma Cells Requires Hdl.- Interferon a Induces Tnf Elevations in Vivo. Correlation with Other Acute Phase React Ants.- Acute Phase Protein, Serum Amyloid a, Inhibits Il-1- and Tnf-Induced Fever and Hypothalamic Pge2 In Mice.- Human Recombinant TNF- and Poly I. Poly C Induce Saa and Enhance Amyloidosis in Hamster.- The Physiology of the Acute Phase Serum Amyloid a (Saa) Response in Mice.- Mouse Saa3: Detection in Mouse Tissues with Specific Antibody.- Generation and Use of Site-Specific Antibodies Against Saa.- The N-Terminus is the Lipid-Binding Site of Saa: Supporting Evidence by Moabs.- Epitope Mapping of Amyloid-a Protein Using Monoclonal Antibodies.- Reactive (Aa) Amyloidosis in a 14 Year Old with No Predisposing Disease.- Induction of Amyloidosis in Mice: Preparation of Active Azocasein (Azo) and Effect of Endotoxin (Lps).- Serum Amyloid a (SAA) Induction in the Serum High Density Lipoproteins of the Syrian Hamster.- The Complete Primary Structure of Bovine Serum Amyloid Protein a (SAA) and of Tissue Amyloid Fibril Protein a (AA) Subspecies.- Degradation of Saa in Amyloid Fibrils by Elastase.- Evolutionary Aspects of Protein Saa.- Strain Specific Variation in Expression of Novel Mouse Apo-Saa Isoforms.- Saa Isotypes in Patients with Secondary Amyloidosis.- Differential Regulation of Human Serum Amyloid a Isoforms.- The Effect of SAA-Derived Fragment - SAA2-82 - On Platelet Aggregation.- Serum Amyloid a, An Acute Phase Protein, Inhibits Platelet Activation.- Serum Amyloid a (SAA)-Related Peptide Isolated from Synovial Fluid Modulates Superoxide Production by Human Neutrophils.- Antiplatelet Aggregation Activity of Serum Amyloid a (SAA) Related Peptides.- Effect of Purified Serum Amyloid a on Growth and Differentiation of Transformed Cells.- II Al Protein and Light Chain Related Amyloidosis.- Primary Systemic Amyloidosis (AL) In 1990.- Comparison of the Amino Acid Sequences of Ten Kappa I Amyloid Proteins for Amyloidogenic Sequences.- Characterization of a X Al Protein and Two Amyloidgenic X Bjp in Three Cases of Immunoglobulin Amyloidosis.- Biclonality in Amyloidosis Patient Mal: One Clone Producing an Amyloidogenic, the Other a Non-Amyloidogenic Kappa L-Chain.- Complete Amino-Acid Sequence of a Kappa Light Chain Fragment Isolated from the Urine of Amyloidosis Patient Mal.- Comparative Studies of Two al Chains of Kappa-III Light Chain Origin with and Without Attached Carbohydrate (Al So124 and Al 700).- Structural Studies of two Carbohydrate-Containing Al Chains ( II) Al NøV and Al Mc.- Complete Amino-Acid Sequence of Al-Bence-Jones Protein Pol of the Lambda I Subclass.- Complete Amino-Acid Sequence of Al-Lambda 1.1 Bence-Jones Protein Ezi.- Complete Amino Acid Sequence of A A Amyloid Fibril Protein Isolated from the Liver of Amyloidosis Patient Dia.- Systemic Al Amyloidosis In A Cat.- Experimental Production of Human Amyloidosis Al.- Al Amyloid, L-Chain and L&H-Chain Deposition Diseases: Comparison of Ig Synthesis and Tissue Deposition.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Arye L. Hillman There has been much economic theorizing directed at providing the politician with guidance in the design of policies that will amend market outcomes in ways that achieve specified efficiency or equity objectives. It has been common practice in economic models to portray the politician who implements the policy recommendations as a mechanistic individual who behaves as would a benevolent dictator to maximize a prespecified conception of social welfare or the utility of a representative consumer. The self-interest and discretion that is attributed to firms and consumers as optimizing agents is absent from the motives of such a politician. Economic policy choice is thereby depoliticized. How well depoliticized economic theory fares in explaining or predicting economic policy choice depends naturally enough upon how politicized is the economic system in which economic and political agents function. The papers in this volume recognize that politicians may exercise sufficient discretion so as not to behave mechanistically in correcting market inefficiencies or in pursuit of a somehow specified just income distribution. Since politicians are viewed as self-interested optimizing agents, just as are utility-maximizing consumers and profit-maximizing producers, the choice of economic policies is politicized. Coverage is provided of a broad spectrum of economic policy choice where markets and politicians interact. Section I is concerned with policy determination in western market economies, Section II with the introduction of markets into economies in transition from socialism, and Section III with international transactions.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In Breast Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Biology [Kluwer Academic Pub lishers, 1988], we tried to present an introduction to the emerging basic studies on steroid receptors, oncogenes, and growth factors in the regulation of normal and malignant mammary epithelium. The response to this volume was superb, indicating a tremendous interest in basic growth regulatory mechanisms governing breast cancer and controlling its malignant progres sion. In the two years since its publication, much new and exciting in formation has been published and the full interplay of regulatory mechanisms is now beginning to emerge. We have divided this book into four sections that we hope will unify important concepts and help to crystallize areas of consensus and/or disagreement among a diverse group of basic and clinical scientists working on the disease. The first section is devoted to studies on oncogenes, antioncogenes, proliferation, and tumor prognosis. The first chapter, by Sunderland and McGuire, introduces the characteristics of breast cancer as studied by patho logists to establish prognostic outcome. Of particular interest is a new proto oncogene called HER-2 (or neu), which is rapidly becoming accepted as a valuable new tumor marker of poor prognosis. The second chapter, by Lee Bookstein and Lee, introduces the best known antioncogene, the retinoblas toma antioncogene, whose expression is sometimes lost in breast cancer. Malignant progression appears to be influenced by the balance of proto oncogene and antioncogene expression.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Getting the basics right.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Availability of raw material data.- 1.3 Clarifying the objective.- 1.4 Identifying formulating constraints.- 1.5 Use of standard formulation format.- 1.5.1 Costing laboratory formulations.- 1.5.2 Manufacturing formulations.- 1.6 Use of test schedules.- 1.7 Understanding the costing system.- 1.7.1 Raw material costs.- 1.7.2 Manufacturing costs.- 1.7.3 Container and filling costs.- 1.8 Know the competition.- 2 Establishing a structured development programme.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Raw material substitution.- 2.3 Cost reduction.- 2.4 Product improvement.- 2.5 Matching the competition.- 2.6 New products.- 2.6.1 Project 1.- 2.6.2 Project 2.- 2.7 New classes of raw material.- 2.8 New technology.- 3 Raw materials.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Resins.- 3.2.1 General.- 3.2.2 Types of resins available.- 3.2.3 Selection of resins.- 3.3 Pigments.- 3.3.1 General.- 3.3.2 White pigments (titanium dioxide).- 3.3.3 Coloured pigments.- 3.3.4 Extenders.- 3.3.5 Corrosion inhibiting pigments.- 3.4 Solvents, thinners and diluents.- 3.4.1 General.- 3.4.2 Solvents in air dry finishes.- 3.4.3 Solvents in cross-linked and stoving finishes.- 3.4.4 Solvents in aqueous finishes.- 3.5 Rheology modifiers.- 3.5.1 General.- 3.5.2 Solvent-thinned products.- 3.5.3 Water-thinned products.- 3.6 Additives.- 3.6.1 General.- 3.6.2 Dispersing/wetting agents.- 3.6.3 Driers.- 3.6.4 Preservatives/biocides.- 3.6.5 Insecticides.- 3.6.6 Can corrosion inhibitors.- 3.6.7 Flash rust inhibitors.- 3.6.8 UV absorbers.- 3.6.9 Reodorants.- 3.6.10 Anti-skin.- 3.6.11 Anti-flood/float.- 3.6.12 Anti-foam.- 3.6.13 Anti-gassing.- 3.6.14 Anti-static.- 3.6.15 Anti-freeze.- 4 Volume relationships.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The CPVC concept.- 4.3 Establishing the CPVC.- 4.3.1 The CPVC cell method.- 4.3.2 The oil absorption method.- 4.3.3 Effect of latex vehicles on CPVC.- 4.3.4 Other means for CPVC determination.- 4.4 The relationship of PVC to CPVC.- 4.5 The porosity concept.- 4.5.1 Effect of porosity on hiding power.- 4.6 Use in formulation.- 4.6.1 Spacing extenders.- 4.6.2 Modifying a standard product.- 4.6.3 Latex paints.- 4.6.4 Flat latex paints.- 4.6.5 Effect of relative BPI.- 4.6.6 Matching a competitive sample.- 4.7 Summary.- References.- 5 Dry hiding-an alternative to titanium dioxide.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Available technologies.- 5.3 Relevance of packing considerations.- 5.4 Pittment.- 5.5 Spindrift.- 5.6 Plastic pigment.- 5.7 Opaque polymer.- 6 Computer techniques.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Computerised process control.- 6.3 Colour matching.- 6.4 Formulation and costing programmes.- 6.4.1 Raw material file.- 6.4.2 Formulation file.- 6.4.3 Calculation file.- 6.4.4 Reformulation programmes.- 6.5 Experimental designs.- 6.5.1 Randomisation.- 6.5.2 Randomised block.- 6.5.3 Latin square.- 6.5.4 Factorial experiments.- 6.5.5 Fractional factorial design.- 6.5.6 Box - Behnken.- 6.6 Experimental design with mixtures.- 6.6.1 Three component mixture design.- 6.6.2 Four component mixture design.- 6.6.3 Simplex mixture screening design.- 6.7 Theoretical approach to formulation.- References.- 7 Design for bulk manufacture.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.1.1 The basic problem.- 7.1.2 Conditions for dispersion.- 7.1.3 Particulate solids.- 7.1.4 The continuous phase.- 7.2 Stages of bulk manufacture.- 7.2.1 Introduction.- 7.2.2 Stable base formulation.- 7.2.3 Initial dispersion formulation.- 7.2.4 Let-down stages.- 7.2.5 Completion.- 7.3 Types of dispersion equipment.- 7.3.1 Introduction.- 7.3.2 Ball mills.- 7.3.3 Attritors.- 7.3.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.3.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.3.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.3.7 Other types of mixers.- 7.3.8 Continuous mills.- 7.3.9 Sand mills.- 7.4 Formulating for optimum wetting and dispersion.- 7.4.1 Introduction.- 7.4.2 Ball mills.- 7.4.3 Attritors.- 7.4.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.4.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.4.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.4.7 Other high speed mixers.- 7.4.8 Continuous mills.- 7.5 Choice of equi.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume focuses on the issues and debates surrounding the agricultural export economy of Central America. Perspectives on traditional exports and the international markets, and labour problems are provided as well as a comparative study of the Salvadorean and Nicaraguan cotton sectors. 175 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A study which examines the economic rationale for migration and its effect on agricultural development. It features case studies of rural-to-rural migration in 10 countries, making a comparative assessment of forced and spontaneous migration. 252 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Nicos Mouzelis argues against a marked tendency in present- day sociology to conflate philosophy and sociological theory. In trying to demonstrate the relative autonomy and specific logic of sociological theorising, he draws from a variety of theoretical traditions in order to construct a set of interrelated concepts useful for bridging the gulf between macro and micro sociologies. Drawing examples from the sociology of development and from the theory of organisations, the author shows concretely how the conceptual framework proposed can help the researcher to avoid both the reification of macro institutional structures and their reduction to the intersubjective understandings of micro actors. 214 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -An examination of the nature of Soviet policy towards Syria during the last two decades, which seeks to assess Moscow's objectives and the means of achieving those objectives. The study argues that the overriding concern of Soviet policy is preservation of regional stability. 235 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This work argues that the successful implementation of a share economy requires some substantial changes in the typical structure of property rights of modern capitalism. Topics covered range from the demand for capital in a share economy, to wage bargaining. 139 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Open Systems for Europe AD. Elliman, C. Sanger Open Systems for Europe combines two important and topical themes. First, Open Systems - the development of vendor-independent means to link and interwork with applications across a range of different systems. Secondly, the formation of a single European market after 1992 with its attendant opening up of public purchasing and the removal of the remaining obstacles to the free movement of products, people and services between the member states of the European Community. What unites these two themes is the issue of standards. As Walter de Backer, Director of Informatics of the Commission of the European Communities ( CEC) says in his keynote paper [Ch. 1J, more and more organisations are beginning to realise that an IT strategy based on standards is feasible, econo mic and necessary. It is feasible, if not immediately, then certainly through an evolutionary path phased over a number of years; it is economic because the costs associated with interface changes and conversions can be avoided, if not eliminated totally; and it is necessary if organisations are to communicate and interwork effectively. Moreover, the restructuring of Europe into a single market has already prompted a realignment of corporate interests - existing groups are breaking up and forming new, pan-European conglomerates. 208 pp. Englisch.