springer springer jul 1995 (253 risultati)

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Stairway to the Mind explores one of the most exciting and controversial areas of modern science: consciousness and the nature of the mind. The book proposes that consciousness emerges from hierarchical layers of mental reality, in the same way that life emerges from layers of biological reality. The book is aimed at general readers with an interest in the mind and neuroscience, as well as a wide range of scientists whose work is related to the rapidly-growing field of neuroscience and consciousness research.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Program understanding plays an important role in nearly all software related tasks. It is vital to the development, maintenance and reuse activities. Program understanding is indispensable for improving the quality of software development. Several development activities such as code reviews, debugging and some testing approaches require programmers to read and understand programs. Maintenance activities cannot be performed without a deep and correct understanding of the component to be maintained. Program understanding is vital to the reuse of code components because they cannot be utilized without a clear understanding of what they do. If a candidate reusable component needs to be modified, an understanding how it is designed is also required. of This monograph presents a knowledge-based approach to the automation of program understanding. This approach generates rigorous program documentation mechanically by combining and building on strengths of a practical program decomposition method, the axiomatic correctness notation, and the knowledge based analysis approaches. More specifically, this approach documents programs by generating first order predicate logic annotations of their loops. In this approach, loops are classified according to their complexity levels. Based on this taxonomy, variations on the basic analysis approach that best fit each of the different classes are described. In general, mechanical annotation of loops is performed by first decomposing them using data flow analysis. This decomposition encapsulates interdependent statements in events, which can be analyzed individually.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Advances in the state of the art mean the signal processing ICs of ever-increasing complexity are being introduced. While the typical portion of a large IC devoted to analog circuits has diminished, the performance of those surviving analog signal processing circuits remains vital and their design challenging. Moreover, the emerging high-definition TV technology has created a new area for IC development, one with formidable signal processing requirements. The antialiasing filters needed for one proposed HDTV decoder motivated the research documented in this book. Sharply selective filters place tight constraints on the permitted excess phase shifts of their constituent circuits. Combined with stringent requirements for low distortion at video frequencies, these constraints challenge the IC filter designer. Integrated Video-Frequency Continuous-Time Filters: High-Performance Realizations in BiCMOS deals with what is arguably the mainstay of analog signal processing circuits. Prominent applications in computer disk-drive read channels, video receivers, rf circuits, and antialiasing and reconstruction in data converters testifies to their importance. Moreover, they are excellent benchmarks for more general analog signal processors. Bipolar and MOSFET transistors, freely combined at the lowest circuit levels, provide the designer with an opportunity to develop potent variations on the standard idioms. The book considers the general principles of BiCMOS circuit design, through to a demanding design problem. This case-study approach allows a concrete discussion of the justification for and practical trade-offs of each design decision. Audience: A reference work for experienced IC designers and a text for advanced IC design students.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Susan M. De Vos uses comparative and life course perspectives to provide an in-depth demographic study of the household. Based on data gathered by the World Fertility Survey, this illuminating reference explores household composition in six Latin American countries and compares the situation with that in the United States and western Europe as well as with each other. The study examines the complex household; non-family household living; and the living arrangements of children, young adults, middle-aged people, and elderly people.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This volume of the Highlights of Astronomy contains the Invited Discourses and the proceedings or summaries of Joint Discussions, Special Sessions, and Working Group Meetings held at the XIInd IAU General Assembly in August 1994 in The Hague. While the three Invited Discourses are reproduced in the order of their appearance in the meeting programme, the Joint Discussions have been reordered according to their topics. Not included in this volume are the proceedings of the GA Symposia which will be published individually in the IAU Symposia series. I am most grateful to the authors of the invited discourses for preparing manuscripts in spite of heavy other commitments. It is a pleasure to express my appreciation of the work by Dr. Jacqueline Bergeron in organizing the XXIInd General Assembly, and I wish to thank all authors and meeting chairpersons for their cooperation and for providing their contributions in time to meet the customary publication schedule of this series. Special thanks are due to Ms. Monique Leger-Orine from the IAU office for considerable and patient assistance in the final editing, and to Dr. Tom Herbst from the Max Planck-Institute for Astronomy for permission to reproduce on the cover of this volume one of his IR images of Jupiter obtained just after the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact, one of the definite Highlights of Astronomy in 1994.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Low-Voltage Low-Power Analog Integrated Circuits brings together in one place important contributions and state-of-the-art research results in this rapidly advancing area. Low-Voltage Low-Power Analog Integrated Circuits serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most important issues in the field.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Many, perhaps most textbooks of quantum mechanics present a Copenhagen, single system angle; fewer present the subject matter as an instrument for treating ensembles, but the two methods have been silently coexisting since the mid-Thirties. This lingering dichotomy of purpose for a major physical discipline has much shrouded further insights into the foundations of quantum theory. Quantum Reprogramming resolves this long-standing dichotomy by examining the mutual relation between single systems and ensembles, assigning each its own tools for treating the subject at hand: i.e., Schrödinger-Dirac methods for ensembles versus period integrals for single systems. A unified treatment of integer and fractional quantum Hall effects and a finite description of the electron's anomalies are mentioned as measures of justification for the chosen procedure of resolving an old-time dichotomy. The methods of presentation are, in part, elementary, with repetitive references needed to delineate differences with respect to standard methods. The parts on period integrals are developed with a perspective on elementary methods in physics, thus leading up to some standard results of de Rham theory and algebraic topology. Audience: Students of physics, mathematics, philosophers as well as outsiders with a general interest in the conceptual development of physics will find useful reading in these pages, which will stimulate further inquiry and study.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This book describes several methods and systems solving one of the highlighted problems within computer aided design, namely architectural and logic synthesis. The book emphasises the most recent technologies in high level synthesis, concentrating on applicative studies and practical constraints or criteria during synthesis. Logic and Architecture Synthesis concentrates on the practical problems involving automatic synthesis of designs. It is essential reading for researchers and CAD Managers working in this area.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Embodiment, Morality and Medicine deals with the relevance of `embodiment' to bioethics, considering both the historical development and contemporary perspectives on the mind--body relation. The emphasis of all authors is on the importance of the body in defining personal identity as well as on the role of social context in shaping experience of the body. Among the perspectives considered are Christian, Jewish, Islamic, Buddhist, and African-American. Feminist concerns are important throughout.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 2. Discovery.- 3. Limits and size.- 4. Geological data.- 5. Local geomorphological terminology.- 6. The climate.- 7. River hydrology.- 8. The Amazonian connection.- 9. The flood regime.- 10. The Pantanal lakes.- 11. Hydrochemistry.- 12. Soils.- 13. How many Pantanals .- 14. Regional connections.- 15. Introduction to the biology of the Pantanal.- 16. Phytogeography.- 17. Aquatic vegetation.- 18. Terrestrial vegetation.- 19. Fire in the Pantanal.- 20. Zoogeography.- 21. Aquatic meiofauna.- 22. Macrobenthos.- 23. Ichthyofauna.- 24. Pantanal fisheries.- 25. The herpetofauna.- 26. The avifauna.- 27. The mammals.- 28. The humans in the Pantanal.- 29. Environmental worries.- 30. Nature conservancy and ecotourism.- Taxonomic glossary.- Geographical and ethnographic index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The molecular mechanisms underlying the fact that a crystal can take a variety of external forms is something we have come to understand only in the last few decades. This is due to recent developments in theoretical and experimental investigations of crystal growth mechanisms. Morphology of Crystals is divided into three separately available volumes. Part A contains chapters on roughening transition; equilibrium form; step pattern theory; modern PBC; and surface microtopography. This part provides essentially theoretical treatments of the problem, particularly the solid-liquid interface. Part B contains chapters on ultra-fine particles; minerals; transition from polyhedral to dendrite; theory of dendrite; and snow crystals. All chapters are written by world leaders in their respective areas, and some can be seen as representing the essence of a life's work. This is the first English-language work which covers all aspects of the morphology of crystals - a topic which has attracted top scientific minds for centuries. As such, it is indispensable for anyone seeking an answer to a question relating to this fascinating problem: mineralogists, petrologists, crystallographers, materials scientists, workers in solid-state physics and chemistry, etc. In Parts A: Fundamentals and B: Fine Particles, Minerals and Snow equilibrium and kinetic properties of crystals are generally approached from an `atomistic' point of view. In contrast, Part C: The Geometry of Crystal Growth follows the alternative and complementary `geometrical' description, where bulk phases are considered as continuous media and their interfaces as mathematical surfaces with orientation-dependent properties. Equations of motion for a crystal surface are expressed in terms of vector and tensor operators working on surface free energy and growth rate, both expressed as functions of surface orientation and driving force, or `affinity' for growth. This approach emphasizes the interrelation between equilibrium and kinetic behavior. Part 1 establishes the theoretical framework. Part 2 gives a construction toolbox for explicit (analytic) functions. An extra chapter is devoted to experimental techniques for measuring such functions: a new approach to sphere growth experiments. The emphasis throughout is on principles and new concepts. Audience: Advanced readers familiar with traditional aspects of crystal growth theory. Can be used as the basis for an advanced course, provided supplementation is provided in the areas of atomistic models of the advancing surface, diffusion fields, etc.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Agroforestry research is central to developing methods for the sustainable use of natural renewable resources, evolving to address the needs of the coming century. It is now necessary to consolidate the scientific gains now being made in process-oriented research and to develop a policy framework to encourage the adoption of sustainable land use practices. Agroforestry plays an important role in conserving forest resources, reducing the need for deforestation. Further, if `forest' is broadly defined as tree cover, agroforestry will also increase the proportion of woody biomass in farming landscapes. The papers selected for inclusion in Agroforestry: Science, Policy, and Practice establish agroforestry as an interdisciplinary science focused on the practical imperative of assisting farmers, forest dwellers and landscape-level planners to achieve sustainable food, fuel and timber production into the 21st century.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This volume includes papers presented at the Third Annual Computation and Neural Systems meeting (CNS\*94) held in Monterey California, July 21 - July 26, 1994. This collection includes 71 of the more than 100 papers presented at this year's meeting. Acceptance for meeting presentation was based on the peer review of preliminary papers by at least two referees. The papers in this volume were submitted in final form after the meeting. As represented by this volume, CNS meetings continue to expand in quality, size and breadth of focus as increasing numbers of neuroscientists are taking a computational approach to understanding nervous system function. The CNS meetings are intended to showcase the best of current research in computational neuroscience. As such the meeting is fundamentally focused on understanding the relationship between the structure of neIVOUS systems and their function. What is clear from the continued expansion of the CNS meetings is that computational approaches are increasingly being applied at all levels of neurobiological analysis. in an ever growing number of experimental preparations. and neural subsystems. Thus. experimental subjects range from crickets to primates; sensory systems range from vision to electroreception; experimental approaches range from realistic models of ion channels to the analysis of the information content of spike trains. For this reason, the eNS meetings represent an opportunity for computational neurobiologists to consider their research results in a much broader context than is usually possible.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Towards Balanced Automation The concept. Manufacturing industries worldwide are facing tough challenges as a consequence of the globalization of economy and the openness of the markets. Progress of the economic blocks such as the European Union, NAFTA, and MERCOSUR, and the global agreements such as GATT, in addition to their obvious economic and social consequences, provoke strong paradigm shifts in the way that the manufacturing systems are conceived and operate. To increase profitability and reduce the manufacturing costs, there is a recent tendency towards establishing partnership links among the involved industries, usually between big industries and the networks of components' suppliers. To benefit from the advances in technology, similar agreements are being established between industries and universities and research institutes. Such an open tete-cooperation network may be identified as an extended enterprise or a virtual enterprise. In fact, the manufacturing process is no more carried out by a single enterprise, rather each enterprise is just a node that adds some value (a step in the manufacturing chain) to the cooperation network of enterprises. The new trends create new scenarios and technological challenges, especially to the Small and Medium size Enterprises (SMEs) that clearly comprise the overwhelming majority of manufacturing enterprises worldwide. Under the classical scenarios, these SMEs would have had big difficulties to access or benefit from the state of the art technology, due to their limited human, financial, and material resources.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - We are at the midpoint in the 'Decade of the Brain'. Why do we know so much and yet understand so little about the brain The field of neuroscience has exploded, and anyone who attends one of the large meetings has the impression of drinking from a fire hydran- as so aptly put by the late neuroanatomist Walle J. H. Nauta. Part of that feeling is a general-information problem, experienced in other fields of scienc as well. In brain research, however, the problem is accentuated by the rapid advances of molecular and cellular brain research. The dynamics created by these lines of research have multiplied published output, but have inevitably entailed a compartmentalization of scientific interests and research strategies. If the cost of gaining knowledge is a shrinking horizon of the individual scientist, neuroscience must develop strategies for organizing the acquisition of knowledge. Some of this guidance is given by the society -by medical and, perhaps, commercial needs. But who provides the backbone for establishing a generally accepted 'schema' for basic brain research -a frame of reference onto which the millions of information fragments can be fitted, in a way acceptable to a multicultural and polymethodical neuroscience community We believe that developmental and evolutionary biology has the potential to provide a commonly accepted frame of reference for that multilevel system approach needed to understand the workings of the brain.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 355 articles arranged under the following sections: B and T Cells of the Mucosal Immune System: Trafficking and Cytokine Regulation. Nonlymphoid Cells of the Mucosal Immune System: Epithelial Cells, APC, and Other Cell Types. Development of Mucosal Immunity: Reproductive Tract, Ontogeny, Phylogeny, and Immunodeficiency. Gnotobiology, Environmental, Nutritional, and Intrinsic Factors in Mucosal Immunology. Structure, Proteolysis, and Function of Mucosal Immunoglobulins: Cellular Receptors. Clinical Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunodeficiency, and Allergology. Microbial, Parasite, and HIV Mucosal Infections. Immunology of the Liver. Oral Immunology and Immunopathology. Autoimmunity, Oral Tolerance, and Aging. Chronic Inflammation, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Celiac Disease. Induction of Mucosal Immune Responses and Vaccine Delivery Systems. Index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The operation of semiconductor devices depends upon the use of electrical potential barriers (such as gate depletion) in controlling the carrier densities (electrons and holes) and their transport. Although a successful device design is quite complicated and involves many aspects, the device engineering is mostly to devise a 'best' device design by defIning optimal device structures and manipulating impurity profIles to obtain optimal control of the carrier flow through the device. This becomes increasingly diffIcult as the device scale becomes smaller and smaller. Since the introduction of integrated circuits, the number of individual transistors on a single chip has doubled approximately every three years. As the number of devices has grown, the critical dimension of the smallest feature, such as a gate length (which is related to the transport length defIning the channel), has consequently declined. The reduction of this design rule proceeds approximately by a factor of 1. 4 each generation, which means we will be using 0. 1-0. 15 ). lm rules for the 4 Gb chips a decade from now. If we continue this extrapolation, current technology will require 30 nm design rules, and a cell 3 2 size 10 nm , for a 1Tb memory chip by the year 2020. New problems keep hindering the high-performance requirement. Well-known, but older, problems include hot carrier effects, short-channel effects, etc. A potential problem, which illustrates the need for quantum transport, is caused by impurity fluctuations.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Open Distributed Processing contains the selected proceedings of the Third International Conference on Open Distributed Systems, organized by the International Federation for Information Processing and held in Brisbane, Australia, in February 1995. The book deals with the interconnectivity problems that advanced computer networking raises, providing those working in the area with the most recent research, including security and management issues.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - In this book about a hundred papers are presented. These were selected from over 450 papers submitted to WCCE95. The papers are of high quality and cover many aspects of computers in education. Within the overall theme of 'Liberating the learner' the papers cover the following main conference themes: Accreditation, Artificial Intelligence, Costing, Developing Countries, Distance Learning, Equity Issues, Evaluation (Formative and Summative), Flexible Learning, Implications, Informatics as Study Topic, Information Technology, Infrastructure, Integration, Knowledge as a Resource, Learner Centred Learning, Methodologies, National Policies, Resources, Social Issues, Software, Teacher Education, Tutoring, Visions. Also included are papers from the chairpersons of the six IFIP Working Groups on education (elementary/primary education, secondary education, university education, vocational education and training, research on educational applications and distance learning). In these papers the work in the groups is explained and a basis is given for the work of Professional Groups during the world conference. In the Professional Groups experts share their experience and expertise with other expert practitioners and contribute to a postconference report which will determine future actions of IFIP with respect to education. J. David Tinsley J. van Weert Tom Editors Acknowledgement The editors wish to thank Deryn Watson of Kings College London for organizing the paper reviewing process. The editors also wish to thank the School of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics of the Catholic University of Nijmegen for its support in the production of this document.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MATHEMATICS aims to be a reference work for all parts of mathe matics. It is a translation with updates and editorial comments of the Soviet Mathematical Encyclopaedia published by 'Soviet Encyclopaedia Publishing House' in five volumes in 1977-1985. The annotated translation consists of ten volumes including a special index volume. There are three kinds of articles in this ENCYCLOPAEDIA. First of all there are survey-type articles dealing with the various main directions in mathematics (where a rather fine subdivi sion has been used). The main requirement for these articles has been that they should give a reasonably complete up-to-date account of the current state of affairs in these areas and that they should be maximally accessible. On the whole, these articles should be understandable to mathematics students in their first specialization years, to graduates from other mathematical areas and, depending on the specific subject, to specialists in other domains of science, en gineers and teachers of mathematics. These articles treat their material at a fairly general level and aim to give an idea of the kind of problems, techniques and concepts involved in the area in question. They also contain background and motivation rather than precise statements of precise theorems with detailed definitions and technical details on how to carry out proofs and constructions. The second kind of article, of medium length, contains more detailed concrete problems, results and techniques.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Indicators used to direct ecomonic policy (GDP, national income, etc.) are based on a number of factors ß but nowhere in their calculation is there an acknowledgement of the degradation of natural resources. The numbers may look good, but continued deterioration of the environment is leading us closer to crises; meanwhile, policymakers and the public are basing decisions on dangerously incomplete information. In Taking Nature into Account, a number of the world's leading experts make the ethical, historical, economic, and ecological arguments for including environmental factors when measuring fiscal health. Initiated by the Club of Rome (an international group of influential businesspeople, statesmen, and scientists), and written in cooperation with the World Wide Fund for Nature, the report reviews existing methodologies and makes recommendations for adjusting the way we think about and measure the economy. 352 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is essentially a set of lecture notes from a graduate seminar given at Cornell in Spring 1994. It treats basic mathematical theory for superconvergence in the context of second order elliptic problems. It is aimed at graduate students and researchers. The necessary technical tools are developed in the text although sometimes long proofs are merely referenced.The book gives a rather complete overview of the field of superconvergence (in time-independent problems). It is the first text with such a scope. It includes a very complete and up-to-date list of references. 184 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -To the Teacher. This book is designed to introduce a student to some of the important ideas of algebraic topology by emphasizing the re lations of these ideas with other areas of mathematics. Rather than choosing one point of view of modem topology (homotopy theory, simplicial complexes, singular theory, axiomatic homology, differ ential topology, etc.), we concentrate our attention on concrete prob lems in low dimensions, introducing only as much algebraic machin ery as necessary for the problems we meet. This makes it possible to see a wider variety of important features of the subject than is usual in a beginning text. The book is designed for students of mathematics or science who are not aiming to become practicing algebraic topol ogists-without, we hope, discouraging budding topologists. We also feel that this approach is in better harmony with the historical devel opment of the subject. What would we like a student to know after a first course in to pology (assuming we reject the answer: half of what one would like the student to know after a second course in topology) Our answers to this have guided the choice of material, which includes: under standing the relation between homology and integration, first on plane domains, later on Riemann surfaces and in higher dimensions; wind ing numbers and degrees of mappings, fixed-point theorems; appli cations such as the Jordan curve theorem, invariance of domain; in dices of vector fields and Euler characteristics; fundamental groups 452 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Hodge theory is a standard tool in characterizing differ- ential complexes and the topology of manifolds. This book is a study of the Hodge-Kodaira and related decompositions on manifolds with boundary under mainly analytic aspects. It aims at developing a method for solving boundary value problems. Analysing a Dirichlet form on the exterior algebra bundle allows to give a refined version of the classical decomposition results of Morrey. A projection technique leads to existence and regularity theorems for a wide class of boundary value problems for differential forms and vector fields. The book links aspects of the geometry of manifolds with the theory of partial differential equations. It is intended to be comprehensible for graduate students and mathematicians working in either of these fields. 172 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book contains two of the three lectures given at the Saint-Flour Summer School of Probability Theory during the period August 18 to September 4, 1993. 228 pp. Englisch, Französisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The CISM-IFToMM Symposia have played a dynamic role in the development of the theory and practice of robotics. The proceedings of the Tenth Symposia present a world view to date of the state-of-the-art, including a unique record of the results achieved in central and eastern Europe. 444 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Capital theory is a cornerstone of modern economics. Its ideas are fundamental for dynamic equilibrium theory and its concepts are applied in many branches of economics like game theory, resource and environmental economics, although this may not be recognized on a first glance. In this monograph, an approach is presented, which allows to derive important results of capital theory in a coherent and readily accessible framework. A special emphasis is given on infinite horizon and overlapping generations economics. Irreversibility of time, or the failure of the market system appear in a different light if an infinite horizon framework is applied. To bridge the gap between pure and applied economic theory, the structure of our theoretical approach is integrated in a computable general equilibrium model. 312 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Mathematics of Program Construction, held at Kloster Irsee, Germany in July 1995.Besides five invited lectures by distinguished researchers there are presented 19 full revised papers selected from a total of 58 submissions. The general theme is the use of crisp, clear mathematics in the discovery and design of algorithms and in the development of corresponding software and hardware; among the topics addressed are program transformation, program analysis, program verification, as well as convincing case studies. 488 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes, AAECC-11, held in Paris, France in July 1995.The volume presents five invited papers and 32 full revised research papers selected from a total of 68 submissions; it is focussed on research directed to the exploitation of algebraic techniques and methodologies for the application in coding and computer algebra. Among the topics covered are coding, cryptoloy, communication, factorization of polynomials, Gröbner bases, computer algebra, algebraic algorithms, symbolic computation, algebraic manipulation. 504 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume is the first to give the mathematical background and a comprehensive survey of the old and new summation formulae resulting in an approximate value of the critical load factor of a complex problem by means of the critical load factors of subproblems by addition. The theorems and formulae are richly illustrated by examples in structural engineering. 232 pp. Englisch.