springer springer nov 1987 (178 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - This monograph grew out of research at Xerox PARC and the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) during the first year of CSLI's existence. The Center was created as a meeting place for people from many different research traditions and there was much interest in seeing how the various approaches could be joined in a common effort to understand the complexity of language and information. CSLI was thus an ideal environment for our group and our enterprise. Our original goal was to see how a well-developed linguistic the ory, such as lexical-functional grammar, could be joined with the ideas emerging from research in situation semantics in a manner which would measure up to the technical standards set by Montague grammar. The outcome was our notion of situation schemata and the extension of constraint-based grammar formalisms to deal with semantic as well as syntactic information. As our work progressed we widened our approach. We decided to also include a detailed study of the logic of situation theory, and to investigate how this logical theory is related to the relational theory of meaning developed in situation semantics.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The management of patients who present with a myocardial i nfarcti on has altered radi ca lly over the past two decades. The expansion of knowledge relating to the epidemiology of the condition together with a greater understanding of the causes of the early mortality from it have resulted in major changes in the way these pati ents are treated duri ng the acute phase of the illness. The deve 1 opment of 'dedi cated' Coronary Care Units in hospitals and the recogni ti on of the need for ' Mobile Coronary Care Units' in the cOl1Ul1unity have made a major impact upon the early mortality from myocardial infarction. Over the past decade, a great deal of attention has been paid to strategies designed to limit the size of a myocardial infarct. As an extensi on of thi s approach, the 1980' s have seen the evo 1 uti on of techniques for revascularization of ischemic tissue. All these procedures while appearing to hold the promise of reducing the acute mortality from myocardial infarction, create the need for a planned approach to the long term management of these patients. While there are some modest i ndi cati ons that coronary atherosc 1 erosi s coul d be arrested or even reversed, for all practical purposes it remains a chroni c progressi ve di sease.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - List of Tables - Preface - Introduction: the Issues Involved - The Developing World: A Special Case - The IMF and the Developing World: History, Relationships and Resources Used - IMF Conditionality and Economic Development - The Fund's Lending Facilities: Reforming the Compensatory Financing - Commodity Price Stabilisation and International Financial Policy - Interest-rate Policy and International Finance - Financing the Fund and Reforming Quotas - Reserve Currency Consolidation, Gold Policy and Financial Flows to Developing Countries - The Link - Private Bank Lending to Developing Countries - Developing Country Debt: A Review of the Policy Alternatives - Policies to Enhance Private Lending to Developing Countries - The Banks and the IMF: the Nature of, and Scope for, Co-operation - Financial Co-operation amongst Developing Countries - The Way Forward - Notes - References - Index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - List of Participants - Acknowledgements - Foreword; D.Crabtree - SESSION 1 - Introduction; J.J.Hughes - Keynes, Economic Development and the Developing Countries; A.P.Thirlwall - Some Reflections by a Keynesian Economist on the Problems of Developing Countries; W.B.Reddaway - Discussant; H.Singer - What Keynes and Keynesianism Can Teach Us about Less Developed Countries; H.Singer - SESSION 2 - Introduction; M.J.C.Vile - Bancor and the Developing Countries: How Much Difference Would it Have Made J.Williamson - Discussant; G.Bird - Introduction; M.J.C.Vile - International Keynesianism: The Problem of the North-South Divide; E.Heath - Discussant; I.M.D.Little - Discussion - Index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Preface - List of Contributors - Abbreviations and Acronyms - Acknowledgements - Scientific Programme Committee - Introduction - PART 1 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT; T.S.Khachaturov, C.Pearson, M.Hufschmidt & A.Lukaszewicz - PART 2 THE WORLD FOOD SITUATION AND PROSPECTS; N.Islam, G.E.Schuh, H.Linnemann & A.Vald s - PART 3 ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION; R.Tabbarah, M.Kritz & T.A.Kjurciev - PART 4 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE ARMS INDUSTRY; C.Schmidt, K.Hartley, H.Wulf, M.O.Intriligator, D.L.Brito, S.Deger & S.Sen - PART 5 CAPITAL NEEDS AND CAPITAL MARKETS; J.B.Donges, H.Hughes, C.Luft & L.Maier - PART 6 FOREIGN INDEBTEDNESS, EXCHANGE RATES AND THE MONETARY SYSTEM; A.Taylor, G.O.Nwanko, M.Panic, M.S.Kumar, A.Ferrer & J.Ahmad - PART 7 INTERNATIONAL FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT; S.Borner, H.W.Mayer, C.F.Diaz-Alejandro & G.K.Helleiner - Index.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Tarquin Teale, a sedimentology/stratigraphy postgraduate student at the Royal School of Mines, was killed in a road accident south of Rome on 17 October 1985. Premature death is a form of tragedy which can make havoc of the ordered progress which we try to impose on our lives. As parents, relatives and friends, we all know this, and yet somehow when it touches our own world there is no consolation to be found anywhere. In Tarquin's case the enormity of the loss felt by those of us who knew him can barely be expressed in words. Tarquin had everything which we aspire to. His fellow graduate students envied his dramatic progress in research. We his advisors, in appreciating this progress, marvelled at how refreshingly rare it was to see such precocious talent combined with such a caring, modest and well-balanced personality. He was des tined for the highest honours in geoscience and there is no doubt that he would have lived a life, had he been granted the chance, which would have spread colour, intellectual insight and goodness.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - From little more than a circuit-theoretical concept in 1965, computer-aided circuit simulation developed into an essential and routinely used design tool in less than ten years. In 1965 it was costly and time consuming to analyze circuits consisting of a half-dozen transistors. By 1975 circuits composed of hundreds of transistors were analyzed routinely. Today, simulation capabilities easily extend to thousands of transistors. Circuit designers use simulation as routinely as they used to use a slide rule and almost as easily as they now use hand-held calculators. However, just as with the slide rule or hand-held calculator, some designers are found to use circuit simulation more effectively than others. They ask better questions, do fewer analyses, and get better answers. In general, they are more effective in using circuit simulation as a design tool. Why Certainly, design experience, skill, intuition, and even luck contribute to a designer's effectiveness. At the same time those who design and develop circuit simulation programs would like to believe that their programs are so easy and straightforward to use, so well debugged and so efficient that even their own grandmother could design effectively using their program.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - It is almost twenty years since the first DNA tumor virus meeting was held at Cold Spring Harbor. At this meeting studies on three tumor viruses were discussed: the papovaviruses, the adenoviruses and the herpesviruses. The present series Developments in Molecular Virology chose to reverse this sequence by first publishing books on the herpesviruses, followed by adenoviruses, and only now the papo vaviruses. All the DNA tumor viruses gained their original reputation by serving as model systems in animal cells for studying gene expression and gene regulation, but SV40 and polyoma have been the jewel in the crown in these studies, as A phage was for the study of prokaryotes. SV40 was the first DNA tumor virus to be completely sequenced that enabled the definition of the cis controlling elements in DNA replication and transcription. I am continuously fascinated by the organization of the SV40 and polyoma genomes. Although they contain about 5000 bp that encode for only 6 to 7 proteins, the mechanisms which regulated their gene expression are varied and include almost any other type of gene regulation found today to regulate eukaryotic genes. Just to mention two: (i) the early promoter is a classical promoter that contains the TAT A, CAAT and enhancer elements, while the late promoter is devoid of these elements, and (ii) the mRNA can be structurally and functionally monocistronic or dicistronic. This hints at the versatility in the control of gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The influence of basic science, particularly molecular biology, in human and veterinary medicine revolutionized thinking in many aspects and changed fundamentally and creatively the classical strategy for research and prevention of infectious diseases. Genetic engineering and related disciplines have progressed to a remarkable degree over the last decade and now form the keystone supporting medicine. These are strong and efficient instruments for health and disease oriented research and their application gives the opportunity to receive more answers and not only more questions. The prime objective of this book is to create new knowledge within the medical disciplines and inspire colleagues working in this field with the unity and unambiguous importance of this science and its technologies for identifying, clarifying and planning new strategies for curing and preventing disease. This book contains original studies on the molecular biology of animal viruses. Some of the viruses discussed in this book are also hazardous to man. In this light it can be considered as a contribution to modern education on the human infectious diseases. From this point of view the book contains a chapter on Hantaan virus that causes no detectable disease in animals but hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome has been attributed to infection of humans by this virus.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The stream language.- Procedural level agents.- Register transfer level agents.- Gate level agents.- Switch level agents.- Conclusion. 140 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The dolbeault and Riemann-roch theorems.- Linear integral equations connected with generalized analytic functions.- The Riemann boundary problem.- Nonlinear aspects of generalized analytic function theory.- Some generalizations and applications. 136 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume of expository papers is the outgrowth of a conference in combinatorics and invariant theory. In recent years, newly developed techniques from algebraic geometry and combinatorics have been applied with great success to some of the outstanding problems of invariant theory, moving it back to the forefront of mathematical research once again. This collection of papers centers on constructive aspects of invariant theory and opens with an introduction to the subject by F. Grosshans. Its purpose is to make the current research more accesssible to mathematicians in related fields. 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume of research papers is an outgrowth of the Manin Seminar at Moscow University, devoted to K-theory, homological algebra and algebraic geometry. The main topics discussed include additive K-theory, cyclic cohomology, mixed Hodge structures, theory of Virasoro and Neveu-Schwarz algebras. 412 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Arithm¿que des Surfaces Cubiques Diagonales.- Small values of heights on families of abelian varieties.- Large transcendence degree revisited.- Large transcendence degree revisited.- A new approach to Baker's theorem on linear forms in logarithms I.- A new approach to Baker's theorem on linear forms in logarithms II.- On the thue-mahler equation. 260 pp. Englisch, Französisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is a treatise on empirical microeconomics: it describes the econometric theory of qualitative choice models and the empirical practice of modeling consumer demand for a heterogeneous commodity, housing. Accordingly, the book has two parts. The first part gives a self-contained survey of discrete choice models with emphasis on nested and related multinomial logit models. The second part concentrates on three sUbstantive questions about housing demand and how they can be answered using discrete choice models. Why combine these two distinct parts in one book It is the interaction between theory and application in empirical microeconomics on which we focus in this book. Hence, emphasis in the methodological part is on practicability, and emphasis in the applied part is on the usage of the proper econometric specifications. Econometrics means measuring economic phenomena. Because nature (ironically, in the case of economics, this is most often the government) rarely provides us with well-defined economic experiments, measurement of economic phenomena usually requires an elaborate statistical apparatus that is able to separate concurrent and confounding phenomena. Discrete choice models have proved to be a very convenient apparatus to study the complex issues in housing demand. We present models, techniques, and statistical problems of discrete choice in the first and methodological part of the book, written in conventional textbook style. 228 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -My interest in majorization was first spurred by Ingram aIkin's proclivity for finding Schur convex functions lurking in the problem section of every issue of the American Mathematical Monthly. Later my interest in income inequality led me again to try and 'really' understand Hardy, Littlewood and Polya' s contributions to the majori zation literature. I have found the income distribution context to be quite convenient for discussion of inequality orderings. The pre sent set of notes is designed for a one quarter course introducing majorization and the Lorenz order. The inequality principles of Dalton, especially the transfer or Robin Hood principle, are given appropriate prominence. Initial versions of these notes were used in graduate statistics classes taught at the Colegio de Postgraduados, Chapingo, Mexico and the University of California, Riverside. I am grateful to students in these classes for their constructive critical commentaries. My wife Carole made noble efforts to harness my free form writ ing and punctuation. Occasionally I was unmoved by her requests for clarification. Time will probably prove her right in these instances also. Peggy Franklin did an outstanding job of typing the manu script, and patiently endured requests for innumerable modifications. 132 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Contents: Automata and Formal Languages.- Graph Algorithms & Geometric Algorithms.- Distributed Computing.- Parallel Algorithms.- Database Theory.- Logic Programming.- Programming Methodology.- Theory of Algorithms.- Software Technology.- Index of Authors. 556 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The establishment of a School of International Arbitration was a sufficiently important occurrence to have brought to London, for its inaugural conference, most of the world's leading experts on international arbitration. The three-day Symposium on March 25-27, 1985 sought to identify and consider the It was not the aim contemporary problems affecting international arbitration. of the Symposium to develop, propose or agree solutions to these problems, but rather to discuss the issues and alternative solutions. The success of the School will be measured in the future by its contribution, through research and teaching, to the development of solutions to the difficulties and uncertainties which reduce the effectiveness of international arbitration agreements and awards and the conduct of international arbitral proceedings. This book reproduces the papers presented at the Symposium (amended and varied by several contributors). It is not considered appropriate here to comment on or analyse paper by paper the ideas presented or discussions which ensued. However, it would be appropriate to make reference to specific developments in the short period since the Symposium directly relevant to the papers reproduced and the discussions which ensued. The pertinence of the subject-matter selected becomes clear from these subsequent developments. 428 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The stream language.- Procedural level agents.- Register transfer level agents.- Gate level agents.- Switch level agents.- Conclusion.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 140 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -The dolbeault and Riemann-roch theorems.- Linear integral equations connected with generalized analytic functions.- The Riemann boundary problem.- Nonlinear aspects of generalized analytic function theory.- Some generalizations and applications.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 136 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This volume of expository papers is the outgrowth of a conference in combinatorics and invariant theory. In recent years, newly developed techniques from algebraic geometry and combinatorics have been applied with great success to some of the outstanding problems of invariant theory, moving it back to the forefront of mathematical research once again. This collection of papers centers on constructive aspects of invariant theory and opens with an introduction to the subject by F. Grosshans. Its purpose is to make the current research more accesssible to mathematicians in related fields.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The book is devoted to a simplified set-theoretic version of denotational semantics where sets are used in place of Scott's reflexive domains and where jumps are described without continuations. This approach has emerged as a reaction to the sophisticated model of traditional semantics. It was also strongly stimulated by the applications of denotational semantics and especially by its software-industry oriented version known as VDM (Vienna Development Method). The new approach was successfully tested on several examples. Based on this approach the Polish Academy of Sciences created the project MetaSoft aimed at the development of a definitional metalanguage for software engineering. The approach has also been chosen in the project RAISE (ESPRIT) which aims at a similar goal. The book consists of two parts. Part One is devoted to the mathematical foundations of the future definitional metalanguage of MetaSoft. This part also introduces an appropriate notation. Part Two shows the applications of this metalanguage. There the denotational definition of a subset of Pascal is discussed with particular emphasis on Pascal types. 160 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Dieses Lehrbuch der Makroökonomik, eine vollständig revidierte und in weiten Teilen neu geschriebene Fassung der 'Gesamtwirtschaftlichen Theorie' von 1975 , wendet sich an Studienanfänger und mittlere Semester der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften. Auf der Grundlage des akzeptierten makroökonomischen Modells der modernen industrialisierten Volkswirtschaft wird im 1. Kapitel die Ausgangssituation des gesamtwirtschaftlichen Gleichgewichts vorgestellt, von dem aus dann im 2. Kapitel Expansions- und Kontraktionsprozesse des Sozialprodukts, die Konjunkturschwankungen und das wirtschaftliche Wachstum untersucht werden. Das 3. Kapitel führt in das Gebiet 'Geld und Kredit' ein und behandelt insbesondere auch die heutigen, kontrovers diskutierten Konzepte der Geld- und Kreditpolitik. Das 4. Kapitel schließlich behandelt Probleme der Beschäftigungstheorie und -politik, darunter auch die Zusammenhänge zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Inflation, und führt bis an die Theorie der rationalen Erwartungen heran. Es schließt mit der häufig vernachlässigten Darstellung des Arbeitsmarktes der Bundesrepublik und zeigt die politischen Eingriffe in diesen. Die Darstellung soll verstehen helfen, warum sich eine nach früheren Maßstäben unerhört hohe Arbeitslosigkeit als so dauerhaft erweist. In allen Kapiteln werden Bezüge zur Volkswirtschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland hergestellt. Service-Leistungen für den Leser sind Hinweise zur Benutzung des Buches, Einleitungen sowie ausführliche und vielfach kurz kommentierte Literaturangaben zu jedem Kapitel; ferner viele graphisch herausgesetzte Systematisierungen, Definitionen, Hypothesen und Lehrsätze. Das Buch endet mit einem Anhang, in dem wichtige Fachausdrücke der Makroökonomik erläutert und kommentiert werden. Aus den Besprechungen der ersten Auflage: 'Der insgesamt sehr positive Eindruck ist nicht zuletzt durch die didaktisch vorbildliche Systematik des Buches geprägt'. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft #1 412 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This volume of research papers is an outgrowth of the Manin Seminar at Moscow University, devoted to K-theory, homological algebra and algebraic geometry. The main topics discussed include additive K-theory, cyclic cohomology, mixed Hodge structures, theory of Virasoro and Neveu-Schwarz algebras.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 412 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is devoted to the theory of geometries which are locally Euclidean, in the sense that in small regions they are identical to the geometry of the Euclidean plane or Euclidean 3-space. Starting from the simplest examples, we proceed to develop a general theory of such geometries, based on their relation with discrete groups of motions of the Euclidean plane or 3-space; we also consider the relation between discrete groups of motions and crystallography. The description of locally Euclidean geometries of one type shows that these geometries are themselves naturally represented as the points of a new geometry. The systematic study of this new geometry leads us to 2-dimensional Lobachevsky geometry (also called non-Euclidean or hyperbolic geometry) which, following the logic of our study, is constructed starting from the properties of its group of motions. Thus in this book we would like to introduce the reader to a theory of geometries which are different from the usual Euclidean geometry of the plane and 3-space, in terms of examples which are accessible to a concrete and intuitive study. The basic method of study is the use of groups of motions, both discrete groups and the groups of motions of geometries. The book does not presuppose on the part of the reader any preliminary knowledge outside the limits of a school geometry course.; This is a quite exceptional book, a lively and approachable treatment of an important field of mathematics given in a masterly style. Assuming only a school background, the authors develop locally Euclidean geometries, going as far as the modular space of structures on the torus, treated in terms of Lobachevsky's non-Euclidean geometry. Each section is carefully motivated by discussion of the physical and general scientific implications of the mathematical argument, and its place in the history of mathematics and philosophy. The book is expected to find a place alongside classics such as Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen's 'Geometry and the imagination' and Weyl's 'Symmetry'. 264 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Membrane Transport Processes in Organized Systems is a softcover book containing portions of Physiology of Membrane Disorders (Second Edition). The parent volume contains six major sections. This text encompasses the fourth and fifth sections: Transport Events in Single Cells and Transport in Epithelia: Vectorial Transport through Parallel Arrays. We hope that this smaller volume, which deals with transport processes in single cells and in organized epithelia, will be helpful to individuals interested in general physiology, transport in single cells and epithelia, and the methods for studying those transport processes. THOMAS E. ANDREOLI JOSEPH F. HOFFMAN DARRELL D. FANESTIL STANLEY G. SCHULTZ Vll Preface to the Second Edition The second edition of Physiology of Membrane Disorders represents an extensive revision and a considerable expansion ofthe first edition . Yet the purpose of the second edition is identical to that of its predecessor, namely, to provide a rational analysis of membrane transport processes in individual membranes, cells, tissues, and organs, which in tum serves as a frame of reference for rationalizing disorders in which derangements of membrane transport processes play a cardinal role in the clinical expression of disease. As in the first edition, this book is divided into a number of individual, but closely related, sections. Part V represents a new section where the problem of transport across epithelia is treated in some detail. Finally, Part VI, which analyzes clinical derangements, has been enlarged appreciably. 412 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Arithm¿que des Surfaces Cubiques Diagonales.- Small values of heights on families of abelian varieties.- Large transcendence degree revisited.- Large transcendence degree revisited.- A new approach to Baker's theorem on linear forms in logarithms I.- A new approach to Baker's theorem on linear forms in logarithms II.- On the thue-mahler equation.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 260 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This text presents a rigorous and reasonably complete statement of microeconomic theory as it exists today. It starts with a unified treatment of consumers' demand, followed by an exposition of the theory of production as well as costs and profit functions of competitive firms. Market structures are then studied in detail and, finally, a brief introduction to general equilibrium and welfare economics is presented. The book contains many examples, exercises, and illustrations. The method of exposition unifies several approaches to the subject. The treatment of market structure is unique and more detailed than any book on microeconomic theory. Several parts of the book reflect the original research of the authors that has not appeared in book form before. The text attempts to give rigorous foundations to the material presented in intermediate microeconomics textbooks. 292 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Helio- and asteroseismology study the interior of the Sun and other stars, by means of observations of oscillations on their surfaces. The last 10 years in the study of the solar interior, to a has witnessed a very rapid evolution point where we can now contemplate investigating the physical state of matter, or the details of rotation and other large-scale motion, in the Sun. The stellar studies are in some respects at the point of the solar studies 10 years ago, but appear poised to take off. Thus the time was deemed ripe for lAO Symposium No 123, to assess the present status of this work, and plan for its future development. Apart from the seismic data, few observations are available to provide information about stellar interiors. Detailed studies, by spectral analysis, can be made of stellar surface properties, including atmospheric temperature and chemical composition. However, the stellar radiative spectrum is almost entirely fixed by the mass, luminosity, radius and surface rotation of the star, and contains essentially no other information about the interior. An important test of stellar evolution theory is provided by observations of stel lar clusters, whose members can reasonably be assumed to have the same age and chemical composition. The location of such stars in a HR diagram, where luminosity is plotted against the effective temperature, can roughly be understood in terms of stellar evolution calculations. 632 pp. Englisch.