springer springer okt 1991 (331 risultati)

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Coronary flow reserve is a functional measure of stenosis severity re flecting the integrated effects of its geometry including percent stenosis, absolute lumen area, length and shape. Its clinical application has been primarily qualitative in non-invasive, perfusion imaging. Measurement of coronary flow reserve during routine coronary arte riography has been an elusive goal. Transit time and indicator dilution techniques for assessing coronary flow reserve at cardiac catheteriza tion are associated with marked variability compared to microspheres or flow meters, thereby making their use questionable in comparison to the precision of good quantitative arteriography. Coronary flow reserve measured by special Doppler catheters as an adjunct to coronary arte riography shows in man the value of this integrated functional measure of stenosis severity and the limitations of percent diameter narrowing as a measure of its physiologic significance. However, Doppler catheters require additional instrumentation that is not yet an integral part of coronary arteriography and provide measures of absolute coronary flow reserve only. Relative maximum flow or relative flow reserve has been demon strated to be an important independent, complimentary descriptor of stenosis severity independent of fluctuating hemodynamic conditions. The method developed for DSA by Nico Pijls, described in this book is the first approach for assessing relative coronary flow reserve as a part of routine coronary arteriography by DSA. The theory and basic con cepts are well developed, experimental validation thorough and clinical applications timely.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Introduction.- 2 A simple factorial grazing experiment measured on 27 occasions.- 3 A 3 × 3 factorial with quantitative levels.- 4 Definable within-individual comparisons.- 5 Covariance.- 6 Pre-treatment observations in the design of experiments.- 7 Weighted regression, goodness-of-fit and related topics.- 8 Environmental variables.- 9 Correlation between series of random variables.- 10 Response (reaction) times.- Bibliographical note.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Nature of Surfactants.- 1.1 Introduction to surfactants.- 1.2 Natural surfactants.- 1.3 Synthetic surfactants.- 1.4 Types of surfactant.- 1.4.1 Hydrophilic groups.- 1.4.2 Hydrophobic groups.- 1.5 Surface activity.- 1.5.1 Self-association.- 1.5.2 The hydrophobic effect.- References.- 2 Adsorption at liquid interfaces.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Direct measurement of amount adsorbed.- 2.3 Adsorption studied via surface and interfacial tension measurement.- 2.4 Adsorption of ionic surfactants.- 2.4.1 No added electrolyte.- 2.4.2 Ionic surfactant with excess electrolyte.- 2.5 Equations of state for adsorbed surfactants.- 2.6 Adsorption at the liquid/liquid interface.- 2.7 Ultra-low interfacial tensions.- 2.7.1 Prediction of emulsion type from packing geometry.- 2.7.2 Phase inversion.- 2.7.3 Tensions at curved and planar interfaces.- 2.7.4 Interactions between adsorbed monolayers.- 2.7.5 Practical applications of ultra-low tension systems.- 2.8 Physical properties of adsorbed monolayers.- 2.9 Dynamic aspects of adsorbed surfactants.- 2.9.1 The Marangoni effect.- References.- 3 Insoluble monolayers.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Historical background.- 3.2.1 The Langmuir trough and its origin.- 3.2.2 Use of the Langmuir trough.- 3.3 Phase changes and types of film.- 3.3.1 Gaseous films.- 3.3.2 The LE + G region.- 3.3.3 The liquid-expanded region.- 3.3.4 The transition region.- 3.3.5 The liquid-condensed region.- 3.3.6 The solid region.- 3.4 Ionised monolayers.- 3.4.1 Effect of polyvalent counterions.- 3.5 X-ray and neutron scattering.- 3.5.1 Horizontal scattering.- 3.5.2 Vertical scattering.- 3.5.3 Neutron scattering.- 3.6 Dynamic effects.- 3.6.1 Interfacial shear rheology.- 3.6.2 Interfacial dilatational rheology.- 3.6.3 Measurement of surface shear viscosity for insoluble monolayers.- 3.6.4 Measurement of surface dilatational rheological properties.- 3.7 Practical applications of insoluble monolayers.- References.- 4 Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Historical background.- 4.3 Types of monolayer deposition.- 4.3.1 X-, Y- and Z-films.- 4.3.2 Incomplete deposition.- 4.3.3 Asymmetrical films.- 4.3.4 Polymeric systems.- 4.4 Structure of multilayers.- 4.4.1 Characterisation by simple techniques.- 4.4.2 Low-angle X-ray diffraction.- 4.4.3 Spectroscopic methods.- 4.4.4 Long-range order and homogeneity.- 4.5 Applications of LB films.- 4.5.1 Devices exploiting the insulating properties of the film.- 4.5.2 Applications combining ultra-thin property with useful chemistry.- 4.5.3 Multilayers requiring non-centrosymmetrical structures.- 4.5.4 Supermolecular assemblies and molecular electronics.- 4.5.5 Sensors.- 4.6 Self-assembly systems.- 4.6.1 Self-assembly monolayers.- 4.6.2 Self-assembly multilayers.- References.- 5 Micelle formation.- 5.1 Evidence for micelle formation.- 5.2 Structure of micelles.- 5.2.1 Hartley's model for spherical micelles.- 5.2.2 Simple geometric factors.- 5.2.3 Spherical micelles.- 5.2.4 Cylindrical micelles.- 5.2.5 Counterion binding.- 5.3 Dynamics of micellar aggregation.- 5.3.1 The multiple equilibrium model.- 5.4 The critical micelle concentration (CMC).- 5.4.1 Ionic surfactants.- 5.4.2 Non-ionic surfactants.- 5.4.3 Factors affecting the CMC.- 5.4.4 Methods for measuring the CMC.- 5.5 Thermodynamics of micelle formation.- 5.5.1 Simple thermodynamic theory.- 5.5.2 Experimental data for the thermodynamic parameters of micellisation.- 5.5.3 Mechanism of micelle formation.- 5.6 Solubilisation.- 5.6.1 Polar solubilisates.- 5.6.2 Effect of temperature and electrolyte addition.- 5.7 Applications of micellar solutions.- 5.7.1 Detergency.- 5.7.2 Application of cylindrical micelles.- 5.7.3 Solubilisation.- 5.7.4 Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration.- 5.7.5 Micellar catalysis.- References.- 6 Mixed-micelle formation.- 6.1 Qualitative observations.- 6.2 Thermodynamics of mixed-micelle formation.- 6.2.1 Surface tensions of surfactant solutions.- 6.3 Thermodynamics of non-ideal mixed-micelle formation.- 6.3.1 Mix.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1. What is eutrophication .- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Definition and origin of the term eutrophication.- 1.3 Links between eutrophication, biological changes and productivity in lakes.- 1.4 Eutrophication as a natural part of lake succession.- 1.5 Extent of artificial eutrophication.- 1.6 Eutrophication in rivers, estuaries and coastal waters.- 1.7 Measurement of eutrophication.- 2. The nutrients causing eutrophication, and their sources.- 2.1 The requirements of living cells for survival and growth.- 2.2 The important limiting nutrients.- 2.3 The supply of nitrogen and phosphorus to lakes.- 2.4 Relative importance of diffuse and point sources in catchments.- 2.5 Global aspects of nutrient runoff.- 2.6 Methods for estimating the magnitude of nutrient losses from catchments.- 3. The biochemical manifestations of eutrophication.- 3.1 The components of nutrient cycles in aquatic systems.- 3.2 The ultimate sinks of inflowing nitrogen and phosphorus.- 3.3 Changes in the cycles which occur as a consequence of enhanced nutrient inputs.- 3.4 The importance of the littoral zone in nutrient cycles.- 3.5 Seasonal patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in lakes.- 3.6 Important features of nutrient transformations in rivers and estuaries.- 4. The biological effects of eutrophication.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Production and species changes of algae and rnacrophytes.- 4.3 Effects of eutrophication upon rnacrophytes and attached algae.- 4.4 Production and species changes in zooplankton.- 4.5 Production and species changes of zoobenthos.- 4.6 Effects of eutrophication on fish and other vertebrates.- 4.7 Aquatic food-web considerations.- 4.8 Wider implications for wildlife and conservation.- 5. The engineering, economic and social effects of eutrophication.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Water supply.- 5.3 Fisheries management.- 5.4 Land drainage and weed control in rivers.- 5.5 Wildlife conservation.- 5.6 Public health hazards and nuisances.- 5.7 Other recreational aspects.- 6. Prediction and modelling of the causes and effects of eutrophication.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Experimental approaches to measures of eutrophication effects.- 6.3 The application of models in eutrophication assessment and prediction.- 6.4 Caution in the use of regression equations.- 6.5 Lake classification based on correlations and large data sets.- 6.6 Other lake classification indices.- 6.7 Dynamic models of lake ecosystems.- 6.8 Prediction without models.- 7. The reduction of causes and the management of effects of eutrophication.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Reduction of nutrient inputs to lakes.- 7.3 Evaluation of nutrient control measures.- 7.4 Control of nutrient concentrations within lakes.- 7.5 Management of lakes without nutrient reduction.- 8. A case study in restoration: shallow eutrophic lakes in the Norfolk Broads.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Historical perspective.- 8.3 Eutrophication of the Broads.- 8.4 Mechanisms of change.- 8.5 Effects of change.- 8.6 Restoration of Broadland.- 8.7 Lake sediment as a source of phosphorus.- 8.8 Changes in the storage of phosphorus in lake sediment following phosphorus control.- 8.9 Biological response to reduced nutrient loading.- 8.10 Nutrient reduction by isolation.- 8.11 Sediment removal and lake isolation.- 8.12 Biomanipulation as a restoration technique.- 8.13 The restoration of Broadland in the context of two stable communities.- References.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 Origins and development.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2 The ICP-MS system.- 2 Instrumentation for ICP-MS.- 2.1 The inductively coupled plasma.- 2.1.1 Torch and plasma.- 2.1.2 RF coupling.- 2.1.3 Sample introduction.- 2.1.4 Sample history.- 2.1.5 Plasma populations.- 2.1.6 Distribution of ions in the plasma.- 2.1.7 Other plasmas.- 2.2 Ion extraction.- 2.2.1 Boundary layer and sheath.- 2.2.2 Plasma potential and secondary discharge.- 2.2.3 Supersonic jet.- 2.2.4 Gas dynamics.- 2.2.5 Ion kinetic energies.- 2.3 Ion focusing.- 2.3.1 Operation of ion lenses.- 2.3.2 Ion lenses in ICP-MS.- 2.3.3 Space charge effects.- 2.4 Quadrupole mass spectrometers.- 2.4.1 Quadrupole configuration.- 2.4.2 Ion trajectories and stability diagrams.- 2.4.3 Characteristics of mass spectra from quadrupoles.- 2.4.4 RF-only quadrupoles.- 2.4.5 Scanning and data acquisition.- 2.5 Other mass spectrometers.- 2.6 Ion detection.- 2.6.1 Channeltron electron multipliers.- 2.6.2 Signal measurement by pulse counting.- 2.6.3 Other detectors.- 2.7 Vacuum considerations.- 2.7.1 Properties and flow of gases.- 2.7.2 A vacuum system for ICP-MS.- 2.7.3 Pumps used in ICP-MS.- 3 Instrument options.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Nebulisers.- 3.2.1 Introduction.- 3.2.2 Concentric nebulisers.- 3.2.3 Cross-flow nebulisers.- 3.2.4 Babington type nebuliser.- 3.2.5 Frit type nebuliser.- 3.2.6 Ultrasonic nebuliser.- 3.3 Spray chambers.- 3.3.1 Principles.- 3.3.2 Operation.- 3.3.3 Thermally stabilised spray chambers for ICP-MS.- 3.4 Torches.- 3.4.1 Construction.- 3.4.2 Demountable torches.- 3.4.3 Alignment.- 3.4.4 Specialised torches.- 3.5 Interface.- 3.5.1 Introduction.- 3.5.2 Sampling cones.- 3.5.3 Skimmer cones.- 4 Sample introduction for liquids and gases.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Electrothermal vaporisation.- 4.2.1 Principles.- 4.2.2 Instrumentation.- 4.2.3 Operating parameters.- 4.2.4 Applications and analytical performance of ETV-ICP-MS.- 4.3 Vapour generation and gas phase sample introduction.- 4.3.1 Introduction.- 4.3.2 Hydride generation.- 4.3.3 Osmium tetroxide vapour generation.- 4.3.4 Reactive gases.- 4.4 Liquid chromatography.- 4.4.1 Introduction.- 4.4.2 Principles.- 4.4.3 Instrumentation, reagents and operating parameters.- 4.4.4 Applications.- 4.5 Flow injection.- 4.5.1 Introduction.- 4.5.2 Apparatus.- 4.5.3 Sample introduction.- 4.5.4 Operating parameters.- 4.5.5 Applications.- 4.6 Direct sample insertion.- 4.6.1 Principles.- 4.6.2 Applications.- 5 Interferences.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Spectroscopic interferences.- 5.2.1 Isobaric overlap.- 5.2.2 Polyatomic ions.- 5.2.3 Refractory oxides.- 5.2.4 Doubly charged ions.- 5.2.5 Alleviation of spectroscopic interferences.- 5.3 Non-spectroscopic interferences.- 5.3.1 High dissolved solids.- 5.3.2 Suppression and enhancement effects.- 6 Calibration and data handling.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 General concepts.- 6.2.1 Mass scale calibration.- 6.2.2 Accuracy, precision and reproducibility.- 6.3 Instrumental modes of data collection.- 6.3.1 Peak hopping.- 6.3.2 Scanning.- 6.4 Linearity of response.- 6.5 Blanks.- 6.6 Factors affecting signal stability.- 6.7 Qualitative analysis.- 6.8 Semi-quantitative calibration.- 6.9 Quantitative analysis.- 6.9.1 External calibration techniques.- 6.9.2 Raw data correction procedures.- 6.9.3 Standard additions.- 6.9.4 Isotope dilution.- 7 Sample preparation for ICP-MS.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 General considerations.- 7.2.1 Laboratory equipment and practices.- 7.2.2 Choice of mineral acids.- 7.2.3 Limits of quantitative analysis.- 7.2.4 Precision and accuracy: assessing a digestion procedure.- 7.3 Digestion procedures.- 7.3.1 Open vessel digestions.- 7.3.2 Closed vessel digestions.- 7.3.3 Alkali fusions.- 7.3.4 Microwave digestion.- 7.4 Separation and pre-concentration methods.- 7.4.1 Rare earth elements.- 7.4.2 Precious metals.- 7.4.3 Petrogenic disciminators: Hf, Nb, Ta, Zr.- 7.5 Conclusions and overview.- 8 Elemental analysis of solutions and applications.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Multi-element determin.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Proceedings of the 1990 Conference on the Southwest Economy Sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - I. Measures and quasimeasures. Integration.- 1. Realvalued measures on algebras of sets.- 1.1. Premeasures.- 1.2. Same tests for -additivity of premeasures.- 1.3. Measurable and topological Radon spaces.- 1.4. Cylindrical measures.- 2. Cylinder sets and cylindrical functions.- 2.1. General definition of cylinder set.- 2.2. Cylinder sets in a linear space X.- 2.3. Measurable linear space.- 2.4. Cylindrical functions.- 3. Quasimeasures. Integration.- 3.1. Quasimeasures.- 3.2. Integral with respect to a quasimeasure.- 3.3. Quasimeasures in a measurable linear space.- 3.4. Positive quasimeasures.- 3.5. Integration of noncylindrical functions.- 4. Supplement: Some notions related to the topology of linear spaces.- 4.1. Prenorms.- 4.2. Locally convex spaces.- 4.3. Duality of linear spaces.- 4.4. Rigged Hilbert spaces.- 4.5. Polars.- 4.6. Nuclear topology.- 4.7. Compactness.- 5. Chapter I: Supplementary remarks and historical comments.- II. Gaussian measures in Hilbert space.- 1. Gaussian measures in finite-dimensional spaces.- 1.1. Characteristic functional and density.- 1.2. Computation of certain integrals.- 1.3. Integration by parts.- 1.4. Solution of the Cauchy problem.- 2. Gaussian measures in Hilbert space.- 2.1. -additivity for a Gaussian cylindrical measure.- 2.2. Some transformations of Gaussian measures in X.- 2.3. Computation of integrals.- 2.4. Gaussian cylindrical measures with arbitrary correlation operator.- 3. Measurable linear functionals and operators.- 3.1. Measurable linear functionals.- 3.2. Measurable linear operators.- 3.3. Integration by parts.- 3.4. Expansion into orthogonal polynomials.- 4. Absolute continuity of Gaussian measures.- 4.1. Equivalence of measures in a product space.- 4.2. Equivalence of Gaussian measures which differ by their means.- 4.3. Equivalence of Gaussian measures with distinct correlation operators.- 4.4. Absolute continuity of measures obtained from Gaussian measures by certain transformations of space.- 5. Fourier-Wiener transformation.- 5.1. Fourier transformation with respect to a Gaussian measure.- 5.2. Fourier-Wiener transformation of entire nmctions.- 5.3. Connection between the Fourier-Wiener transformation and orthogonal polynomials.- 6. Complexvalued Gaussian quasimeasures.- 6.1. Feynman integrals.- 6.2. Integration of analytic functionals.- 6.3. Computation of certain Feynman integrals.- 7. Chapter II: Supplementary re marks and historical comments.- III. Measures in linear topological spaces.- 1. -additivity conditions for nonnegative cylindrical measures in the space X' dual to a locally convex space X.- 1.1. Sufficient conditions for -additivity. Strong regularity.- 1.2. Necessary conditions for -additivityM.- 1.3. The Hilbert space case.- 1.4. Integral representations of the group of unitary operators.- 1.5. Continuous cylindrical measures.- 2. Sequences of Radon measures.- 2.1. Weak compaetness in a spaee of measures.- 2.2. Weak completeness of spaees of measures.- 2.3. Properties of R-spaces.- 2.4. Examples of R-spaces.- 2.5. Weak compaetness of a family of measures in a space X'.- 3. Chapter III: Supplementary remarks and historical comments.- IV. Differentiable measures and distributions.- 1. Differentiable functions, differentiable expressions.- 1.1. Derivatives of a vector function.- 1.2. Higher order derivatives.- 1.3. Linear differential expressions.- 1.4. Symmetrie and dissipative differential operators.- 2. Differentiable measures.- 2.1. Derivative of a measure.- 2.2. The logarithmie derivative.- 2.3. The derivative of a measure as an element of the dual space.- 2.4. Higher order derivatives.- 3. Distributions and generalized functions.- 3.1. Test functions and measures.- 3.2. Distributions. Operations on distributions.- 3.3. Generalized funetions and kernels.- 3.4. Fourier transformation of distributions.- 3.5. Differential expressions for distributions.- 4. Positive definiteness. Quasi-invariant distributions and bidistributions.- 4.1. Positive distri.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1. Advances in cancer imaging and therapy with radiolabelled antibodies.- 2. Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of immunoscintigraphy in oncology.- 3. The quality control and clinical testing of radiolabelled antibodies.- 4. Clinical utility of radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies in the management of gastrointestinal cancer.- 5. Use of 123-I radiolabelled F(AB')2 fragments of anti-CEA monoclonal antibody for the detection of primary and metastatic gastrointestinal carcinomas.- 6. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies for two phase radioimmunotherapy.- 7. Antimyosin antibody imaging in myocardial infarction.- 8. Antimyosin based radioimmunodetection of myocarditis cardiomyopathy and cardiac transplant rejection.- 9. Recent advances in the use of radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies in the management of ovarian cancer.- 10. Monoclonal antibodies for cell labelling with particular reference to thrombus imaging.- 11. The role of nuclear medicine in the evaluation of the patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).- 12. Detection of inflammation/infection using radiolabelled anti-granulocyte antibodies: possibilities and limitations.- 13. A new marker for the detection of adenocardinomas by radioimmunoscintigraphy.- 14. New developments in the diagnosis of AIDS and strategies for therapy.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1. Neuroanatomy of dopaminergic system in the human brain.- 2. Radioligands for PET studies of D2-receptors: butyrophenone and ergot derivatives.- 3. Radioligands for dopamine receptor PET studies: benzamides and ligands for dopamine D-1 receptors.- 4. Monoamine precursors in PET research - biochemical issues and functional significance.- 5. Quantitation problems in positron emission tomography (PET) as applied to the kinetic analysis of the striatum dopamine data.- 6. Investigation of the dopamine system with positron emission tomography: general issues in modeling.- 7. Modelisation: application to the D2 receptors.- 8. [18F] Fluorodopa uptake in brain.- 9. Dopamine reuptake sites: the issues.- 10. Movement disorders: the clinical issues.- 11. Non-human primate models of dopamine system disorders: understanding neurodegenerative diseases and testing new therapeutic strategies.- 12. The dopamine system and mental disorders: clinical and psychopharmacological overview.- 13. D2 dopamine receptors and schizophrenia.- 14. The assessment of central D2-dopanvne receptor occupancy with positron emission tomography in long-term medicated schizophrenic patients.- 15. Measurement of dopamine receptor occupancy: clinical issues.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 1 /Theoretical Background.- 1.1. Government-Binding Theory.- 1.1.1. X-Bar Theory.- 1.1.2. -Theory.- 1.1.3. Case Theory.- 1.1.4. Binding Theory.- 1.1.5. Control Theory.- 1.1.6. Bounding Theory.- 1.1.6.1. Bounding Nodes.- 1.1.6.2. Barriers.- 1.1.7. Government Theory.- 1.1.7.1. Disjunctive ECP.- 1.1.7.2. Conjunctive ECP.- 1.2. Parasitic Gaps.- Notes.- 2 / Universal Licensing.- 2.0. Introduction.- 2.1. Licensing.- 2.1.1. Full Interpretation.- 2.1.2. Universal Licensing.- 2.1.3. Full Interpretation at D-Structure.- 2.2. Licensing at D-Structure.- 2.2.1. Predication.- 2.2.1.1. Null Predicates.- 2.2.1.2. Adjunct Null Operators.- 2.2.2. Quantification.- 2.2.2.1. Operators in [Spec, CP].- 2.2.2.2. Base-generated Wh-constructions.- 2.2.2.3. Resumptive Pronouns within Questions and Relatives.- 2.2.2.4. Types of Resumptive Pronouns and the Wh/ Relative Asymmetry.- 2.2.2.4.1. Vata.- 2.2.2.4.2. Modern Hebrew.- 2.2.2.4.3. Standard Arabic.- 2.2.2.4.4. Hausa.- 2.3. Licensing at S-Structure: Null Operators.- 2.3.1. Parasitic Gaps.- 2.3.2. Null Operator Constructions in English and French.- 2.3.3. Null Topics.- 2.4. Universal Licensing and Parasitic Gaps.- 2.5. Summary.- Notes.- 3 / Double Dont Constructions.- 3.0. Introduction.- 3.1. Genitival Relatives.- 3.1.1. Dont as a Case-Marked C0.- 3.1.2. Dont Relatives and the Subject Condition.- 3.2. Non-Movement Relatives With Dont.- 3.3. Double Constructions with Dont.- 3.3.1. The Problem.- 3.3.2. Adnominal Complements and the Projection Principle.- 3.4. Identifying the Gaps.- 3.4.1. Adnominal Gaps Are Not Anaphoric.- 3.4.2. pro or Variable .- 3.4.2.1. pro in French: Orphan Prepositions.- 3.4.2.2. Adnominal Gaps Are Not pro.- 3.4.2.3. Adnominal Gaps Are Variables.- 3.4.3. Problems With Multiple Extraction.- 3.5. Summary.- Notes.- 4/Null Operators In DPs.- 4.0. Introduction.- 4.1. Null Operators in Noun Phrases at S-Structure.- 4.1.1. DDCs Are Parasitic Gap Constructions.- 4.1.1.1. Syntactic A -Movement.- 4.1.1.2. C-command from the Binder.- 4.1.1.3. Anti-c-command and Locality.- 4.1.2. [Spec, CP) as an A -Position.- 4.2. Null Operators in Noun Phrases at D-Structure.- 4.2.1. The Thematic Structure of Nominals.- 4.2.2. Arguments and Adjuncts in DDCs.- 4.2.3. Relational Nouns and Possessor Arguments.- 4.2.3.1. Generic Contexts.- 4.2.3.2. Determiner Types.- 4.3. Easy-Type Constructions in Noun Phrases: Inalienable Possession.- 4.4. Summary.- Notes.- 5 / Locality In Double Dont Constructions.- 5.0. Introduction.- 5.1. Two Chain Approaches to External Locality.- 5.1.1. Chain Composition.- 5.1.2. Chain Formation.- 5.2. DDCs and Chain Composition.- 5.2.1. Adnominal Gaps Within PPs.- 5.2.2. Adjunct Clauses.- 5.2.3. Adnominal PGs in Embedded Clauses.- 5.3. Deriving the Properties of PG Constructions.- Notes.- References.- Index Of Names.- Index Of Subjects.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Ever since the seminal works on traveling waves and morphogenesis by Fisher, by Kolmogorov, Petrovski and Piscunov, and by Turing, scientists from many disciplines have been fascinated by questions concerning the formation of steady or dynamic patterns in reactive media. Contributions to this volume have been made by chemists, chemical engineers, mathematicians (both pure and applied), and physicists. The topics covered range from reports of experimental studies, through descriptions of numerical experiments, to rather abstract theoretical investigations, each exhibiting different aspects of a very diverse field.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Although research in architectural synthesis has been conducted for over ten years it has had very little impact on industry. This in our view is due to the inability of current architectural synthesizers to provide area-delay competitive (or 'optimal') architectures, that will support interfaces to analog, asynchronous, and other complex processes. They also fail to incorporate testability. The OASIC (optimal architectural synthesis with interface constraints) architectural synthesizer and the CATREE (computer aided trees) synthesizer demonstrate how these problems can be solved. Traditionally architectural synthesis is viewed as NP hard and there fore most research has involved heuristics. OASIC demonstrates by using an IP approach (using polyhedral analysis), that most input algo rithms can be synthesized very fast into globally optimal architectures. Since a mathematical model is used, complex interface constraints can easily be incorporated and solved. Research in test incorporation has in general been separate from syn thesis research. This is due to the fact that traditional test research has been at the gate or lower level of design representation. Nevertheless as technologies scale down, and complexity of design scales up, the push for reducing testing times is increased. On way to deal with this is to incorporate test strategies early in the design process. The second half of this text examines an approach for integrating architectural synthesis with test incorporation. Research showed that test must be considered during synthesis to provide good architectural solutions which minimize Xlll area delay cost functions.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - From time to time the International Journal of Fracture has presented matters thought to be of special interest to its readers. The last special topic review was presented by Drs W.G. Knauss and AJ. Rosakis as Guest Editors in four issues, January-April 1990, under the general title of Non Linear Fracture. It contained sections on damage mechanisms, interfaces and creep, time depen dence, and continuum plasticity insofar as they affect the mechanisms of the fracture process. Continuing this policy, which is consistent with our stated objectives, the two September issues deal with the behavior of concrete and cementious materials during fracture initiation and propagation. We hope that the ensuing state-of-the-art review will yield another instructive and timely product which readers will find useful. To assist us in presenting this subject, we have prevailed upon a well-known international expert in concrete behavior, Dr. Z.P. Bazant, Walter P. Murphy Professor of Civil Engineering, of Northwes tern University to act as Guest Editor. On behalf of the editors and publishers, I wish to thank Professor BaZant and his invited authors for undertaking this special effort. M.L. WILLIAMS Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Editor-in-Chief September 1991 International Journal of Fracture 51: ix-xv, 1991. Z.P. Bafant (ed.), Current Trends in Concrete Fracture Research.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - oil is the lifeblood of the World's economy. It was a critical element in two World Wars and in the Cold War, and, as recent events in the Middle East confirm, people are willing to fight for it. The cheap energy it provides, especially for transport and agriculture, was one of the main factors that made possible the economic prosperity and growth that the World has enjoyed for the past fifty years and more. People rely on it everywhere, and in many forms, and they have become so accustomed to its ready availability that they take it for granted. To conceive of a world without traffic jams and airliners is unthinkable, and while not so obvious, oil lies behind every supermarket shelf, fuelling the tractor that ploughs the field and the delivery van that brings the consumer his food. Yet everyone knows that it is a finite and irreplaceable commodity, formed long ago in the geological past. What no one knows is just how finite it is. This book is an effort to try to answer that question: not in detail, but at least in orders of magnitude. More useful than the figures themselves is the discussion of the elements involved in addressing the subject. While it is impossible to predict the precise pattern of future production, which will be affected by many unforeseeable factors, one can at least begin to think in terms of resource constraint instead of an ever expanding supply of oil.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Oceanic basalts are the most abundant rock type found at the earth's surface, and as such they have been the subject of considerable research, particularly since the concept of sea-floor spreading became widely accepted. This book provides a review of these rocks, first dicussing how we sample the ocean floor and what we know about the structure of the oceanic crust, followed by an overview of the various regional settings (Pacific crust, Atlantic crust, marginal basins, seamounts and islands) and finally examines the main processes (and their interactions) which prevail during the generation and emplacement of oceanic basalt magmas. This is a volume for geologists, geochemists and geophysicists and a source of reference for advanced undergraduate students and postgraduates in these disciplines.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The basic accomplishment of sentence processing research in the 1960s and 70s was to establish that perceivers assign structural representa tions to sentences (Fodor et al., 1974) and they do so systematically using the formation rules of the grammar (Forster, 1979). This may sound like a singularly unimpressive accomplishment to a contem porary linguist - mere proof of the obvious. But one must recall the extremely impoverished view of language and language processing prevalent in the U.S. in the 1950s. Processing mechanisms were thought to consist of slightly elaborated stimulus-response associations, and sentences were viewed as mere strings of concatenated words. On this view, understanding language comprehension was naturally equated with knowing how words and associations between them were learned. Consequently, language pro cessing was investigated by performing a seemingly endless series of tedious paired associate learning studies. The shift in the 1960s to a view of sentences emphasizing hierarchically organized structures con taining grammatical depencies between widely separated items was thus dramatic.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Proceedings of a Seminar in the CEC Agricultural Research Programme, held in Brussels, November 12-14, 1990.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - 'De la vaporisation et de la centralisation du Moi. Tout est la. ' Charles Baudelaire (journal entry) This anthology is my visit to Oz. On sabbatical in 1988, I chose to reeducate myself in general biology, first broadening my erudition as an immunologist, and then extending that horizon into evolutionary biology and embryology. I was particularly attracted to reflections on the nature of the self as an organ ismic concept. I went in search of reorientation as a confused physician scientist, and came back with this book. Baum's Wizard of Oz presented opportunities for growth, and herein lies the purpose of this volume: in providing updated statements concerning the nature of the organism from both scientific and metaphysical perspectives, we might ponder the philo sophical basis of our research in the hope of gaining insight into our endeavor, not to mention the possibility of its enrichment; it is this contem plative view of our research which offers a unique dimension to this anthology. To that end, the project follows my idiosyncratic prejudices. The anthology derives in large measure from the symposium, 'Organism and the Origin of Self' held at Boston University, April 3-4, 1990, under the auspices of the Boston University Center for the Philosophy and History of Science, with generous support of Robert Cohen and Jon Westling, and the organizational skills of Deborah Wilkes. The Symposium presented three ver sions of the Self from the vantages of embryology, evolution and medicine.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - For a philosopher with an abiding interest in the nature of objective knowledge systems in science, what could be more important than trying to think in terms of those very subjects of such knowledge to which men like Galileo, Newton, Max Planck, Einstein and others devoted their entire lifetimes In certain respects, these systems and their structures may not be beyond the grasp of a linguistic conception of science, and scientific change, which men of science and philosophy have advocated in various forms in recent times. But certainly it is wrong-headed to think that one's conception of science can be based on an identification of its theories with languages in which they may be, my own alternatively, framed. There may be more than one place in book (1983: 87) where they may seem to get confused with each other, quite against my original intentiens. The distinction between the objec tive knowledge systems in science and the dynamic frameworks of the languages of the special individual sciences, in which their growth can be embedded in significant ways, assumes here, therefore, much impor tance. It must be recognized that the problems concerning scientific change, which these systems undergo, are not just problems concerning language change.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - The various efforts to develop a Marxist philosophy of science in the one time 'socialist' countries were casualties of the Cold War. Even those who were in no way Marxists, and those who were undogmatic in their Marxisms, now confront a new world. All the more harsh is it for those who worked within the framework imposed upon professional philosophy by the official ideology. Here in this book, we are concerned with some 31 colleagues from the late German Democratic Republic, representative in their scholarship of the achievements of a curiously creative while dismayingly repressive period. The literature published in the GDR was blossoming, certainly in the final decade, but it developed within a totalitarian regime where personal careers either advanced or faltered through the private protection or denunciation of mentors. We will never know how many good minds did not enter the field of philosophy in the first place due to their prudent judgments that there was a virtual requirement that the candidate join the Socialist Unity (i.e. Communist) Party. Among those who started careers and were sidetracked, the record is now beginning to be revealed; and for the rest, the price of 'doing philosophy' was mostly silence in the face of harassments the likes of which make academic politics in the West seem child's play.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Gastric cancer has been one of the great malignant scourges affecting man kind for as long as medical records have been kept. Until operative resection pioneered by Bilroth and others became available, no effective treatment was feasible and death from cancer was virtually inevitable. Even with resection by total gastrectomy, the chances of tumor eradication remained small. Over recent years, however, the situation has been changing. Some changes have resulted from better understanding of the disease, early detec tion, and better management techniques with applied clinical research, but the reasons for other changes are poorly understood. For example, the incidence of gastric cancer is decreasing, especially in westernized societies, where it has fallen from one of the most common cancers to no longer being in the top five causes of cancer death. Still it remains the number one killer of adult males in Japan and Korea. Whether the reduced incidence in western societies is a result of dietary changes or methods of food preservation, or some other reason, is as yet uncertain. Improvements in outcome have been reported from mass screening and early detection; more refined techniques of establishing early diagnosis, tumor type, and tumor extent; more radical surgical resection; and resection at earlier stages of disease.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - To-date computers are supposed to store and exploit knowledge. At least that is one of the aims of research fields such as Artificial Intelligence and Information Systems. However, the problem is to understand what knowledge means, to find ways of representing knowledge, and to specify automated machineries that can extract useful information from stored knowledge. Knowledge is something people have in their mind, and which they can express through natural language. Knowl edge is acquired not only from books, but also from observations made during experiments; in other words, from data. Changing data into knowledge is not a straightforward task. A set of data is generally disorganized, contains useless details, although it can be incomplete. Knowledge is just the opposite: organized (e.g. laying bare dependencies, or classifications), but expressed by means of a poorer language, i.e. pervaded by imprecision or even vagueness, and assuming a level of granularity. One may say that knowledge is summarized and organized data - at least the kind of knowledge that computers can store.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Das Buch befa~t sich mit Entscheidungssituationen, bei denenmehrere Entscheidungskriterien zu ber}cksichtigen sind. DieEntscheidungsprobleme k nnen dabei entweder wenigerabz{hlbare Entscheidungsalternativen enthaltenoder siek nnen einen stetigen L sungsraum haben. Betrachtet werdendiese Probleme sowohl von der formalenentscheidungstheoretischenSeite als auch von derpragmatischen Seite der Entscheidungsunterst}tzung. Hierbeiwerden sowohl scharf formulierte Entscheidungssituationenber}cksichtigt wie auch schlecht strukturierte Umfelder.Das Buch ist aus einer }ber mehrere Jahre an der RWTH Aachengehaltenen Vorlesung entstanden und ist als Lehrbuchgedacht. Zu jedem Kapitel sind entsprechendeSchl}sselreferenzen angegeben, so da~ der Student leichterden Zugang zu der jeweils relevanten Literatur findet. DieAutoren versuchen unter besonderer Ber}cksichtigung desdidaktischenAufbaus den neuesten Stand der Wissenschaft aufdiesem Gebiet darzustellen. Das Thema des Buches sindEntscheidungen, bei denen mehrere Kriterien zuber}cksichtigen sind. Es stellt Modelle aus derEntscheidungstheorie dar und beschreibt bestehende Verfahrenund Methoden, die der Entscheidungsf{llende verwenden kann,um solche Probleme in den verschiedensten Situationen zul sen.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This research monograph reports on recent work on the theoryof singular Siegel modular forms of arbitrary level.Singular modular forms are represented as linearcombinations of theta series. The reader is assumed toknowonly the basic theory of Siegel modular forms. 180 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A famous theorem in the theory of linear spaces states thatevery finite linear space has at least as many lines aspoints. This result of De Bruijn and Erd|s led to theconjecture that every linear space with 'few lines' canbeobtained from a projective plane by changing only a smallpart of itsstructure.Many results related to this conjecture have been proved inthe last twenty years. This monograph surveys the subjectand presents several new results, such as the recent proofof the Dowling-Wilsonconjecture.Typical methods used in combinatorics are developed so thatthe text can be understood without too much background. Thusthe book will be of interest to anybody doing combinatoricsand can also help other readers to learn the techniques usedin this particular field. 216 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Locally semialgebraic spaces serve as an appropriateframework for studying the topological properties ofvarieties and semialgebraic sets over a real closed field.This book contributes to the fundamental theory ofsemialgebraic topology and falls into two main parts.The first dealswith sheaves and their cohomology on spaceswhich locally look like a constructible subset of a realspectrum. Topics like families of support, homotopy, acyclicsheaves, base-change theorems and cohomological dimensionare considered.In the second part a homology theory for locally completelocally semialgebraic spaces over a real closed field isdeveloped, the semialgebraic analogue of classicalBore-Moore-homology. Topics include fundamental classes ofmanifolds and varieties, Poincare duality, extensions of thebase field and a comparison with the classical theory.Applying semialgebraic Borel-Moore-homology, a semialgebraic('topological') approach to intersection theory on varietiesover an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero isgiven. The book is addressed to researchers and advancedstudents in real algebraic geometry and related areas. 148 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The theory of center manifold reduction is studied in thismonograph in the context of (infinite-dimensional) Hamil-tonian and Lagrangian systems. The aim is to establish a'natural reduction method' for Lagrangian systems to theircenter manifolds. Nonautonomous problems are considered aswell assystems invariant under the action of a Lie group (including the case of relative equilibria).The theory is applied to elliptic variational problemsoncylindrical domains. As a result, all bounded solutionsbifurcating from a trivial state can be described by areduced finite-dimensional variational problem of Lagrangiantype. This provides a rigorous justification of rod theoryfrom fully nonlinear three-dimensional elasticity.The book will be of interest to researchers working inclassical mechanics, dynamical systems, elliptic variationalproblems, and continuum mechanics. It begins with theelements of Hamiltonian theory and center manifold reductionin order to make the methods accessible to non-specialists,from graduate student level. 156 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -All papers appearing in this volume are original researcharticles and have not been published elsewhere. They meetthe requirements that are necessary for publication in agood quality primary journal.E.Belchev, S.Hineva: On the minimal hypersurfaces of alocally symmetric manifold. -N.Blasic, N.Bokan, P.Gilkey:The spectral geometry of the Laplacian and the conformalLaplacian for manifolds with boundary. -J.Bolton,W.M.Oxbury, L.Vrancken, L.M. Woodward: Minimal immersions ofRP2 into CPn. -W.Cieslak, A. Miernowski, W.Mozgawa: Isopticsof a strictly convex curve. -F.Dillen, L.Vrancken:Generalized Cayley surfaces. -A.Ferrandez, O.J.Garay,P.Lucas: On a certain class of conformally flat Euclideanhypersurfaces. -P.Gauduchon: Self-dual manifolds withnon-negative Ricci operator. -B.Hajduk: On the obstructiongroup toexistence of Riemannian metrics of positive scalarcurvature. -U.Hammenstaedt: Compact manifolds with1/4-pinched negative curvature. -J.Jost, Xiaowei Peng: Thegeometry of moduli spaces of stable vector bundles overRiemannian surfaces. - O.Kowalski, F.Tricerri: A canonicalconnection for locally homogeneous Riemannian manifolds.-M.Kozlowski: Some improper affine spheres in A3. -R.Kusner:A maximum principle at infinity and the topology of completeembedded surfaces with constant mean curvature. -Anmin Li:Affine completeness and Euclidean completeness. -U.Lumiste:On submanifolds with parallel higher order fundamental formin Euclidean spaces. -A.Martinez, F.Milan: Convex affinesurfaces with constant affine mean curvature. -M.Min-Oo,E.A.Ruh, P.Tondeur: Transversal curvature and tautness forRiemannian foliations. -S.Montiel, A.Ros: Schroedingeroperators associated to a holomorphic map. -D.Motreanu:Generic existence of Morse functions on infinite dimensionalRiemannian manifolds and applications. -B.Opozda: Someextensions of Radon's theorem. 296 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Since the predecessor to this volume (LNM 1186, Eds. L.Arnold, V. Wihstutz)appeared in 1986, significant progresshas been made in the theory and applications of Lyapunovexponents - one of the key concepts of dynamical systems -and in particular, pronounced shifts towards nonlinear andinfinite-dimensional systems and engineering applicationsare observable. This volume opens with an introductorysurvey article (Arnold/Crauel) followed by 26 original(fully refereed) research papers, some of which have in partsurvey character.From the Contents: L. Arnold, H. Crauel: Random DynamicalSystems.- I.Ya. Goldscheid: Lyapunov exponents andasymptotic behaviour of the product of random matrices.- Y.Peres: Analytic dependence of Lyapunov exponents ontransition probabilities.- O. Knill: The upper Lyapunovexponent of Sl (2, R) cocycles:Discontinuity and theproblem of positivity.- Yu.D. Latushkin, A.M. Stepin: Linearskew-product flows and semigroups of weighted compositionoperators.- P. Baxendale: Invariant measures for nonlinearstochastic differential equations.- Y. Kifer: Largedeviationsfor random expanding maps.- P. Thieullen:Generalisation du theoreme de Pesin pour l' -entropie.-S.T. Ariaratnam, W.-C. Xie: Lyapunov exponents in stochasticstructural mechanics.- F. Colonius, W. Kliemann: Lyapunovexponents of control flows. 376 pp. Englisch, Französisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Part of a series which offers accounts of the literary careers of the most widely read British and Irish authors. This volume looks at T.S.Eliot and traces the professional, publishing and social contexts which shaped his writing. 189 pp. Englisch.