Springer us mär 2013 (323 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -An Application Science For Multi-Agent Systems addresses the complexity of choosing which multi-agent control technologies are appropriate for a given problem domain or a given application. Without such knowledge, when faced with a new application domain, agent developers must rely on past experience and intuition to determine whether a multi-agent system is the right approach, and if so, how to structure the agents, how to decompose the problem, and how to coordinate the activities of the agents, and so forth. This unique collection of contributions, written by leading international researchers in the agent community, provides valuable insight into the issues of deciding which technique to apply and when it is appropriate to use them. The contributions also discuss potential trade-offs or caveats involved with each decision.An Application Science For Multi-Agent Systems is an excellent reference for anyone involved in developing multi-agent systems.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The laser, initially called the 'optical maser,' was proposed in 1958 by Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow; in 1960, Theodore Maiman was the first among several researchers to achieve laser oscillation by using a ruby crystal. In the following quarter of a century, a considerable amount of re search and development has taken place, and the laser is now utilized for many diverse applications, ranging from the commonplace compact disk to intricate surgical applications in medicine. Since I first entered the laboratory of Professor Yasuharu Suematsu in 1962 to complete my thesis, I have been studying the new field of laser optics. In spite of many expectations and a vast investment in research, the first practical use of lasers was difficult to of Univ. Erlangen once jokingly achieve. The late Professor K. H. Zchauer remarked that laser was defined by an English physicist as 'Less Application of Stimulated Expensive Research. ' In a similiar vein, Dr. Herwig Kogelnik reminded me that in the early 1960s, maser was often called 'Money Acqui sition Scheme for Expensive Research. ' Initially I worked with a ruby laser, then with a helium-neon-gas laser, and am presently engaged in semiconductor laser research. There are proba bly not a large number of researchers who have had the opportunity to build these three representative types of lasers. My primary objective of study lies in optical communications however, and therefore, I have been approaching the laser mainly as a lightwave propagator.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Studies in Global Econometrics is a collection of essays on the use of cross-country data based on purchasing power parities. The two major applications are the development over time of per capital gross domestic products, (including that of their inequalities among countries and regions) and the fitting of cross-country demand equations for broad groups of consumer goods. The introductory chapter provides highlights of the author's work as relating to these developments. One of the main topics of the work is a system of demand equations for broad groups of consumer goods fitted by means of cross-country data. These data are from the International Comparison Program, which provides PPP-based figures for a number of years and countries. Similar data are used for the measurement of the dispersion of national per capita incomes between and within seven geographic regions.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - It. is well known that t.he introduction of a new technology in one organization not always produces the intended benefits (Levine, 1994). In many cases, either the receivers do not reach the intended level of use or simply the technology is rejected because it does not match with the expectations (true or false) and the accepted psychological effort to use it. The case of formal methods is a paradigmatic example of continual failures. The published cases with problems or failures only constitute the visible part of a large iceberg of adoption cases. It. is difficult to get companies to openly express the problems they had; however, from the experience of the author, failure cases are very common and they include any type of company. Many reasons to explain the failures (and in some cases the successes) could be postulated; however, the experiences are not structured enough and it is difficult to extract from them useful guidelines for avoiding future problems. Generally speaking, there is a trend to find the root of the problems in the technol ogy itself and in its adequacy with the preexistent technological context. Technocratic technology transfer models describe the problems in terms of these aspects. Although it is true that those factors limit the probability of success, there is another source of explanations linked to the individuals and working teams and how they perceive the technology.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Integrated Image and Graphics Technologies attempts to enhance the access points to both introductory and advanced material in this area, and to facilitate the reader with a comprehensive reference for the study of integrated technologies, systems of image and graphics conveniently and effectively. This edited volume will provide a collection of fifteen contributed chapters by experts, containing tutorial articles and new material describing in a unified way, the basic concepts, theories, characteristic features of the technology and the integration of image and graphics technologies, with recent developments and significant applications.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Globalization of business, internationalization of trade, and increasing prevalence of multi-cultural interdisciplinary teams are beginning to redefine the nature of office work. Different-time/different-place/different-culture teams will become the norm. Same-time/same-place/same-culture teams will become the exception. The International Office of the Future (IOF) will be a dramatically different environment than that which exists in the majority of today's organizations. Prospects for the IOF give rise to numerous questions, which are addressed in this book. What are the salient issues What design options or solution strategies exist to address these issues How might these design options be best implemented What are their implications In addition, a number of specific topics will be discussed including: multi-cultural team productivity, IT platform requirements, and global telecommunications. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Client/Server applications are of increasing importance in industry, and have been improved by advanced distributed object-oriented techniques, dedicated tool support and both multimedia and mobile computing extensions. Recent responses to this trend are standardized distributed platforms and models including the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) of the Open Software Foundation (OS F), Open Distributed Processing (ODP), and the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) of the Object Management Group (OMG). These proceedings are the compilation of papers from the technical stream of the IFIPIIEEE International Conference on Distributed Platforms, Dresden, Germany. This conference has been sponsored by IFIP TC6.1, by the IEEE Communications Society, and by the German Association of Computer Science (GI -Gesellschaft fur Informatik). ICDP'96 was organized jointly by Dresden University of Technology and Aachen University of Technology. It is closely related to the International Workshop on OSF DCE in Karlsruhe, 1993, and to the IFIP International Conference on Open Distributed Processing. ICDP has been designed to bring together researchers and practitioners who are studying and developing new methodologies, tools and technologies for advanced client/server environ ments, distributed systems, and network applications based on distributed platforms.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis or management of a particular malignancy The few general onco logy textbooks are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often prelimi nary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good indepth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Unfortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes which aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up to date, easily available on a single library shelf or by a single personal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion. First, by divid ing the oncology literature into specific subdivisions such as lung cancer, genitourinary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc. Second, by asking eminent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -An Application Science For Multi-Agent Systems addresses the complexity of choosing which multi-agent control technologies are appropriate for a given problem domain or a given application. Without such knowledge, when faced with a new application domain, agent developers must rely on past experience and intuition to determine whether a multi-agent system is the right approach, and if so, how to structure the agents, how to decompose the problem, and how to coordinate the activities of the agents, and so forth. This unique collection of contributions, written by leading international researchers in the agent community, provides valuable insight into the issues of deciding which technique to apply and when it is appropriate to use them. The contributions also discuss potential trade-offs or caveats involved with each decision. An Application Science For Multi-Agent Systems is an excellent reference for anyone involved in developing multi-agent systems. 260 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The laser, initially called the 'optical maser,' was proposed in 1958 by Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow; in 1960, Theodore Maiman was the first among several researchers to achieve laser oscillation by using a ruby crystal. In the following quarter of a century, a considerable amount of re search and development has taken place, and the laser is now utilized for many diverse applications, ranging from the commonplace compact disk to intricate surgical applications in medicine. Since I first entered the laboratory of Professor Yasuharu Suematsu in 1962 to complete my thesis, I have been studying the new field of laser optics. In spite of many expectations and a vast investment in research, the first practical use of lasers was difficult to of Univ. Erlangen once jokingly achieve. The late Professor K. H. Zchauer remarked that laser was defined by an English physicist as 'Less Application of Stimulated Expensive Research. ' In a similiar vein, Dr. Herwig Kogelnik reminded me that in the early 1960s, maser was often called 'Money Acqui sition Scheme for Expensive Research. ' Initially I worked with a ruby laser, then with a helium-neon-gas laser, and am presently engaged in semiconductor laser research. There are proba bly not a large number of researchers who have had the opportunity to build these three representative types of lasers. My primary objective of study lies in optical communications however, and therefore, I have been approaching the laser mainly as a lightwave propagator. 304 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Retailing and consumer patronage behavior constitute fascinating research areas within the field of marketing. Retailing contributes to an increasing proportion of gross national products and employment but is, however, also faced with problems and opportunities like increased product complexity, rapidly changing consumer expectations, and the introduction of new technologies. Also, consumers are facing markets of increasingly complexity when making decisions on how to conduct their behavior, primarily as a result of new technologies, shorter products life cycles in general, and higher complexity of products and services. In this book, we present and deal with various topics in relation to retailing and consumer patronage behavior. Together, these topics involve different problem settings and draw on different theories, models and statistical techniques. However, it is common to all the results presented in the following chapters (with the exception of chapter II) that they, in total or in part, rest on a major survey, which was conducted by the authors in 1999. Our now retired colleague, Hans Engstrøm participated in preparing this survey and did a great job in providing research ideas. For this, and for many stimulating discussions, we are highly grateful. 140 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -That chemicals (although not always called by this name) affect the brain and its functions, such as behavior, has been known for thousands of years. It is therefore surprising that the concept that chemical mechanisms are at least partially responsible for the complex functions of the brain is so recent. Investigation of the closely interlinked biophysical and biochemical proper ties of the nervous system has achieved many notable successes in recent years and is the most exciting development in 20th-century science. Although all the morphology, the activity, and the alteration of the brain, whether bioelectric, biochemical, pathological, or structural, constitute an organic and indivisible whole, the ambition of the Handbook is to look at only a few aspects of this whole and to focus the discussions on the experi ments that the neurochemists have performed. Neurochemical study of the nervous system has, perhaps of necessity, gone through several phases: the first phase was more analytical and in volved study of the composition of the tissue; the second, more recent phase clarified many of the metabolic sequences that occur in this tissue. Clearly, both were essential, but they showed that additional approaches are neces sary. The present phase seems to be the study of control processes; present interest focuses on what determines, in a qualitative and quantitative fashion, the processes occurring in the nervous system. Perhaps the next phase will be the study of function, the study of the final stage of integration. 612 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The meeting that provided the material for this book was the 58th Symposium of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) entitled MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS which was held in Helsingor, Denmark from 2nd to 4th September, 1990. The aim of this meeting was to bring together scientists from a range of discipline- microbiology, cell biology, molecular biology and immunology - to consider how microbes, including parasites, colonize and infect the gastrointestinal tract. The programme was designed to focus particular attention on the range of strategies whereby enterovirulent bacteria and parasites colonize the gastrointestinal mucin layer, how they adhere to and penetrate the epithelial layer by entering the cells or passing between them, and how various protein toxins may facilitate these processes. Speakers were especially encouraged to highlight the recent expansion in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, shigellae, salmonellae and Yersinia enterocolitica cause intestinal disease. There were also discussions of recently-discovered gastrointestinal pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Helicobacter pylori as well as accounts of how virulent determinants can be used to develop new diagnostic methods based on DNA gene probes and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These presentations provided the basis for the chapters in this book. 356 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume is based on material prepared by the contributors to the symposium on 'Progress in Gas Dynamic Research by Optical Methods', held on May 25-26, 1970 in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Syracuse University. The contents focus on experimental and analytical aspects of contemporary op tical methods as applied in modern research on high speed and/or high temperature gaseous flows. State of the art, recent research results and possible research applications of spectroscopy, spectral interferometry, pulse laser holographic interferometry, laser as a diagnostic and plasma generating tool and the analysis of plasma by light scattering constitute part of the subject matter of this vol ume. The emerging importance and impact of recent laser developments on optical diagnostics of gas dynamic and gas-physics phenomena is a recurring theme throughout the volume. Diverse applications of the shock tube to process gases to high temperature equilibrium conditions and the study of important char acteristics of these radiating gases by contemporary spectroscopic methods are discussed in papers by Nicholls, Wurster and Wares, et al. Refractivity index measurements have long been extensively used for investigating gas dynamic and aerodynamic flows. However, the recent availability of the laser as a light source has brought sig nificant improvements in the more conventional optical methods such as schlieren photography and interferometry as reported here in Alcock's paper. More recent laser developments have resulted in several com pletely new optical diagnostic methods. 312 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Let M be a smooth manifold and G a Lie group. In this book we shall study infinite-dimensional Lie algebras associated both to the group Map(M, G) of smooth mappings from M to G and to the group of dif feomorphisms of M. In the former case the Lie algebra of the group is the algebra Mg of smooth mappings from M to the Lie algebra gof G. In the latter case the Lie algebra is the algebra Vect M of smooth vector fields on M. However, it turns out that in many applications to field theory and statistical physics one must deal with certain extensions of the above mentioned Lie algebras. In the simplest case M is the unit circle SI, G is a simple finite dimensional Lie group and the central extension of Map( SI, g) is an affine Kac-Moody algebra. The highest weight theory of finite dimensional Lie algebras can be extended to the case of an affine Lie algebra. The important point is that Map(Sl, g) can be split to positive and negative Fourier modes and the finite-dimensional piece g corre sponding to the zero mode. 332 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -An Application Science For Multi-Agent Systems addresses the complexity of choosing which multi-agent control technologies are appropriate for a given problem domain or a given application. Without such knowledge, when faced with a new application domain, agent developers must rely on past experience and intuition to determine whether a multi-agent system is the right approach, and if so, how to structure the agents, how to decompose the problem, and how to coordinate the activities of the agents, and so forth. This unique collection of contributions, written by leading international researchers in the agent community, provides valuable insight into the issues of deciding which technique to apply and when it is appropriate to use them. The contributions also discuss potential trade-offs or caveats involved with each decision. An Application Science For Multi-Agent Systems is an excellent reference for anyone involved in developing multi-agent systems. 260 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -These volumes, 3 and 4, of Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics con stitute the proceedings of an international symposium on the frac ture mechanics of ceramics held at the Pennsylvania State Univer sity, University Park, PA on July 27, 28, and 29, 1977. Volumes 1 and 2 were published previously as the proceedings of a sympo sium of the same name held July 11, 12, and 13, 1973, also at Penn State. All four volumes published to date concentrate on the fracture aspects of the mechanical behavior of brittle'ceramics in terms of the characteristics of cracks. The program chairmen gratefully acknowledge the financial as sistance for the symposium provided by the Office of Naval Re search, the Energy Research and Development Administration, and the Army Research Office. Without their support the quality and mag nitude of this conference simply would not have been possible. Numerous individuals contributedto the success of the con ference, but unfortunately they cannot all be listed here. However the program chairmen would especially like to recognize the contri butions of Penn State Conference Coordinator, Mr. Ronald Avillion, whose expertise in planning and organization was indispensable; Dr. Fred R. Matson for his interesting after dinner speech; and Drs. A. M. Diness, J. C. Hurt, and D. W. Readey for their en couragement and valuable suggestions regarding the program. Finally, we wish to also thank our joint secretaries for the patience and help in bringing these proceedings to press. 508 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In 1975, a symposium was held in Midland, Michigan, co-sponsored by the Dow Chemical Company and the then Midland Macromolecular Institute in honor of Raymond F. Boyer on the occasion of his 65th birthday and retirement from Dow. The topic of that first Boyer symposium dealt with an area of interest to Boyer, namely, polymer transitions and relaxations. One decade later, after ten years of additional fruitful scientific endeavor at MMI, Ray Boyer was again honored with a symposium, this time celebrating his 75th birthday and 10th anniversary at the Michigan Molecular Institute. The topic of the second Boyer symposium in 1985 was somewhat more focused, this time concentrating on the subject of order (or structure) in the amorphous state of polymers and the attendant polymer transitions that are observed. This volume contains the full manuscripts of the contributors to the 17th MMI International Symposium, held in Midland, Michigan on August 18-21, 1985. Eleven one-hour plenary lectures and ten 20-minute contributed papers were presented during the Symposium. An open forum panel discussion was also scheduled; the edited transcript of that session is included at the end of this volume. One of our tasks in organizing this Symposium was to attempt to gather together a number of speakers who would be able to define what, if any, physical structure might be present in anwrplwus polymers and what the nature of this order might be. 496 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is based on a series of lectures for a course on ionic channels held in Santiago, Chile, on November 17-20, 1984. It is intended as a tutorial guide on the properties, function, modulation, and reconstitution of ionic channels, and it should be accessible to graduate students taking their first steps in this field. In the presentation there has been a deliberate emphasis on the spe cific methodologies used toward the understanding of the workings and function of channels. Thus, in the first section, we learn to 'read' single channel records: how to interpret them in the theoretical frame of kinetic models, which information can be extracted from gating currents in re lation to the closing and opening processes, and how ion transport through an open channel can be explained in terms of fluctuating energy barriers. The importance of assessing unequivocally the origin and purity of mem brane preparations and the use of membrane vesicles and optical tech niques in the stUGY of ionic channels are also discussed in this section. The patch-clamp technique has made it possible to study ion channels in a variety of different cells and tissues not amenable to more conven tional electrophysiological methods. The second section, therefore, deals with the use of this technique in the characterization of ionic channels in different types of cells, ranging from plant protoplasts to photoreceptors. 464 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This comprehensive treatise on the reticuloendothelial system is a project jointly shared by individual members of the Reticuloendothelial (RE) Society and bio medical scientists in general who are interested in the intricate system of cells and molecular moieties derived from those cells which constitute the RES. It may now be more fashionable in some quarters to consider these cells as part of what is called the mononuclear phagocytic system or the lymphoreticular sys tem. Nevertheless, because of historical developments and current interest in the subject by investigators from many diverse areas, it seems advantageous to present in one comprehensive treatise current information and knowledge con cerning basic aspects of the RES, such as morphology, biochemistry, phylogeny and ontogeny, physiology, and pharmacology as well as clinical areas including immunopathology, cancer, infectious diseases, allergy, and hypersensitivity. It is anticipated that, by presenting information concerning these apparently het erogeneous topics under the unifying umbrella of the RES, attention will be focused on the similarities as well as interactions among the cell types constitut ing the RES from the viewpoint of various disciplines. The treatise editors and their editorial board, consisting predominantly of the editors of individual vol umes, are extremely grateful for the enthusiastic cooperation and enormous task undertaken by members of the biomedical community in general and especially by members of the American as well as European and Japanese Reticuloen dothelial Societies. 492 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The objective of this workshop was to examine the nature of plasma membrane electron transport and how this electron transport contributes to growth of cells. The workshop came at a time when the study of the plasma membrane oxidoreductase activity was beginning to attract more widespread attention from researchers working with both plants and animals. The rapid response of c fos and c myc Proto-oncogene to stimulation of plasma membrane redox activity by external oxidants under scores a potential role of plasma membrane oxidoreductases in growth control. Other experiments with isolated endosomes in dicate emerging roles in endocytosis and lytic processes. Primary attention was focused on trans plasma membrane electron transport which brings about the oxidation of cytosolic, NADH, NADPH or other substrates by electron flow across the plasma membrane to external oxidants including ferric iron, semide hydroascorbate or oxygen. A major theme in the workshop was the relation of this electron flow to pH changes of the cytoplasm or the transfer of protons to the external medium. The presence and role of other oxidoreductases in the plasma membrane was documented, especially in regard to peroxide production. In plant cells this may contribute to cellular defense against invading para sites. A corresponding function in animals has been long known and extensively discussed but was beyond the scope of this workshop. 460 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -viii and approaches could be adapted to other coal conversion and combustion problems, we have not considered combustion or gasification in fluidized or fixed beds or in situ processes. In addition, we have not considered other fossil-fuel combustion problems associated with oil shale, tar sands, etc., even though many aspects of pulverized-coal combustion would relate to these problems. For the case of pulverized-coal models, we have attempted to provide a detailed description of the model foundations. Parts I and II of this book emphasize general principles for describing reacting, turbulent or laminar, multiphase systems. General conservation equations are developed and summarized. The basis for computing thermochemical equilibrium in complex, heterogeneous mixtures is presented, together with techniques for rapid computation and reference to required input data. Rate processes are then discussed, including pertinent aspects of turbulence, chemical kinetics, radiative heat transfer, and gas-particle convective-diffusive interactions. Much of Part II deals with parameters and coefficients for describing these complex rate processes. This part of the book provides recommended values of coefficients and parameters for treating complex reacting flows. Parts I and II may well be suitable for use in an advanced course in reacting flows, and have been written partly with that in mind. Part III deals with more specific aspects of pulverized-coal characteristics and rate processes. Following a general description of coal structure and constitution, coal pyrolysis and char oxidation processes are considered. 356 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the study of organic semiconductors. The main directions of investigation, have been determined and substantial results have been achieved in the theoretical treatment of many questions. However, the range of investigations is so broad that it is impossible to discuss all branches fully in a short monograph. In fact, the chemist synthe sizing systems with conjugated bonds and studying their reactivity, the physical chemist studying the catalytic and absorption proper ties of substances with conjugated bonds, the physicist studying the photoelectric and magnetic characteristics of dyes and polynuclear hydrocarbons, and the biologist attempting to explain the mechan ism of energy transfer in the living cell -they are all working in the field of organic semiconductors. Consequentiy, in the present book the authors have not attempted to include all sides of the problem of organic semiconductors. The monograph considers in detail only those questions which appear to the authors to be most immediate and interesting. Other questions are touched on only to the extent necessary to illustrate the main material. The book begins with a statement of material which is of the nature of a review. The main classes of organic semiconductors are mentioned but the methods for their preparation are not illus trated in detail. Somewhat more attention is devoted to the depen dence of the electrical characteristics of organic semiconductors on their structure and chemical composition. 236 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The editors have pleasure in presenting this volume of our review series. We have specialised in three areas: perturbation Monte Carlo, non-linear kinetics and the transfer of radioactive fluids in rocks. These contributions are linked, however, in the demands for optimising complex systems that are a feature of the scale of nuclear power production. Kuniharu Kishida's account of Japanese thinking in the application of modern non-linear theory to reactor kinetics and control comes at a time when the community of control scholars is seeking how to apply the new ideas that have led to the prominence of chaos theory to our field. Pr- lems of maintenance in power reactors are as severe as ever and must be solved for credibility to characterise any new program. As much as 30% of unanticipated down-time, for example, is due to the failure of motor op- ated valves. We need a theory to provide for preventive maintenance. This in turn depends heavily on on-line monitoring to anticipate failure as well as expert systems to schedule preventive treatment. Noise theory with its promise of on-line interpretation of information from inchoate breakdown is the key. It is all too likely that the need to deal with major departures makes a non-linear theory of noise essential. We can be grateful that P- fessor Kishida has provided us with such a consistent account. 216 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The first chapter of this volume deals with computer simulation of molten salt behavior by molecular dynamics calculations. The next four chapters are reviews of experimental work: Chapter 2 deals with the solubility of nonre- active gases in molten salts, Chapter 3 with various types of organic reactions in molten tetrachloroaluminates, Chapter 4 with techniques for the study of molten fluorides, and Chapter 5 with the physical and chemical properties of thiocyanate melts. The last chapter is a collection of phase diagrams for binary and ternary fluoride systems. J. B., G. M., G. P. S. v CONTENTS Chapter 1 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS CALCULATIONS ON MOLTEN IONIC SALTS L. V. Woodcock 1. Introduction. . 4 2. Intermolecular Forces in Molten Salts 4 2.1. True and Effective Pair Potentials 2.2. Semiempirical Models 6 3. Computational Techniques 13 3.1. Molecular Dynamics Simulation 13 3.2. The Monte Carlo Method 15 3.3. Electrostatic Summations . . 18 4. Calculation of Physical Properties 23 4.1. Equilibrium Properties . 23 4.2. Transport Coefficients 27 4.3. Spectroscopic Properties 32 5. Applications.35 5.1. Studies of Interionic Forces. 35 5.2. Microstructure and Mechanisms 40 5.3.Interpretation of Experimental Observables 50 5.4. Reappraisal of Molten Salt Theories . 64 70 6. Conclusions 7. References. 72 vii Contents viii Chapter 2 GAS SOLUBILITY IN MOLTEN SALTS P. Field 1. Introduction 75 2. Experimental Techniques 78 3. Solution Thermodynamics. 272 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The purpose of this book is to serve as a primer for the study of cell surface receptors. The simplified discussion of methods and their underlying prin ciples is intended to remove the usual intimidation caused by the specialized vocabulary or sophisticated mathematics that characterize many of the primary papers in this field. In this way, it is hoped that the basic concepts can be emphasized. This book is meant to be a starting point: a textbook as well as a manual to which the investigator can return for a refresher course, when needed. I feit compelled to write this book for several reasons. The primary philosophical reason was to provide, in one volume, an overall perspective on the study ofcell surface receptors that describes their characterization from pharmacological studies in a whole organ or tissue bath (chapter 2) to studies of radioligand binding in isolated membrane and detergent-solubilized pre parations (chapters 3-5) and, back again, to studies in intact cells or tissues using morphological and biochemical techniques (chapter 6). It is my opinion that the ultimate understanding of the molecular basis for hormone or drug receptor interactions, and the physiological consequences of these inter actions, will require an assessment of cell surface receptor function at all of these experimental levels. In many cases an investigator may not choose to of investigation considered here. 216 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -These proceedings are based upon the invited review papers and the research notes presented at the NATO Advanced Research Institute on 'Artificial Particle Beams in Space Plasma Studies' held at Geilo, Norway April 21-26, 1981. In the last decade a number of research groups have employed artificial particle beams both from sounding rockets and satellites in order to study various ionospheric and magnetospheric phenomena. However, the artificial particle beams used in this manner have given rise to a number of puzzling effects. Thus, instead of being just a probe for studying the ambient magnetosphere, the artificial particle beams have presented a rich variety of plasma physics problems, in parti~ular various discharge phenomena, which in themselves are worthy of a careful study. The experimental studies in space using artificial particle beams have in turn given rise to both theore tical and laboratory studies. In the laboratory experi ments special attention has been paid to the problem of creating spacelike conditions in the vacuum chamber. The theoretical. work has addressed the question of beam plasma-neutral interaction with emphasis on the wave generation and the modified energy distributions of the charged particles. Numerical simulations have been used extensively. With the advent of the Space Shuttle in which several artificial particle beam experiments are planned for the 1980's, there is a growing interest in such experiments. Furthermore, there is a need for coordinating these studies, both in space and in the laboratory. 724 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Thermal analysis cuts a broad swath through contemporary science. Within this domain, advances in instrumentation permit the application of quantitative calorimetry to the full spectrum of modern materials. This can be illustrated perhaps no better than by the set of contributions which make up this Volume II of Analytical Calorimetry. Comprehensive studies are included on an array of polymers, copolymers, and polyblends. Calorimetry is also reported on biopolymers, gels, liquid crystals, alloys, and on a variety of inorganic compounds and materials including moon rocks. Applica tions of calorimetric techniques to chemical reaction are also detailed. These include t~e study of decompositions, catalytic reductions, kinetics of dissolution, and the measurement of poly merization heats as well as the curing of thermosetting resins. The techniques employed are principally differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Several contribu tors have also illustrated the application of important and related techniques such as thermogravimetry, thermal depolarization analysis, and thermetric titrations. The contributions to this volume represent papers presented before the American Chemical Society Symposium held in Chicago, September 14 and 15, 1970. This symposium 0n Analytical Calori metry was sponsored by the Division of Analytical Chemistry. 480 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book reflects the personal prejudices I have developed in twenty years of reading the scientific literature. I like monographs; good ones assemble a great deal of information in a logical sequence and in enough detail to enable one to see why current beliefs are held. For this purpose, it is entirely useless to write 'as Smith has shown21 ,81,117 ---- ' That only means that one must go to the library and turn up Smith's original papers, and one's object in reading a monograph is precisely to avoid that neces sity. One needs to know what Smith did and why he thought his observa tions proved whatever he claimed. Because life is short, it is impossible to deal with several thousand papers in this way, and the author must there fore select a relatively few papers that he regards as crucial. Often, several papers of equal merit might be quoted, and the selection is then arbitrary. I therefore apologize to authorities who do not find their work discussed. Omission does not mean that I thought their work was not valuable; it means only that I preferred to quote twenty references that people might read rather than two thousand that assuredly no one would read. Another strong prejUdice is that the full understanding of present knowledge requires one to know how present views have developed. 232 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -There was a time, not all that long ago, when scientific study of the cell was called cytology, and the workers in the field named themselves cytologists. When I was a medical student, lectures in cytology were a special, segregated part of the curriculum in the histology course, given along with general anatomy, and they were, as I recall, the surest of cures for insomnia. I still possess Cowdry's three-volume set entitled Special Cytology, published in 1934, and leafing through these books today is rather like examining a medieval manuscript. You could never have guessed what was going to happen to the field. At that time it was all structure, and all guesswork about the structure. When cells were packed together in various tissues, how did the geometry of packing work How many sides did a liver cell have, in real life What on earth were all those granules in side, and what were the best stains for looking at them One thing about those granules, they never moved. Indeed, nothing moved. Cytology turned into cell biology much later on, and suddenly came alive. As has been the case in so many diSciplines in biology, it was brought to life by techniques. New instruments and cytochemical methods were devised for look ing at cells, manipulating cells, more or less in vivo. 432 pp. Englisch.…