elements logic di mercier cardinal (12 risultati)

Condizione: New.

Soft cover. Condizione: Very Good. No Jacket.

Condizione: New.

Condizione: New. SUPER FAST SHIPPING.

PAP. Condizione: New. New Book. Shipped from UK. Established seller since 2000.

PAP. Condizione: New. New Book. Shipped from UK. Established seller since 2000.

HRD. Condizione: New. New Book. Shipped from UK. Established seller since 2000.

HRD. Condizione: New. New Book. Shipped from UK. Established seller since 2000.

Paperback. Condizione: new. Paperback. With Imprimatur. Introduction 1. Definition of Logic. -- Logic is the systematic study of the order to be observed in judging, reasoning, and other processes of thought in order to arrive at the knowledge of truth. This definition shows us: (1) the materials (material cause) of the logical order; (2) their elaboration (formal cause) (3) the purpose of this elaboration (final cause). 2. Materials of Logical Order. -- In some sense, these materials are acts of the mind, like apprehension, judgment, ratiocination (reasoning); but strictly speaking, only apprehensions are the material object of logical order (3). (1) By apprehension the mind represents to itself one thing or many things, without either affirming or denying anything. Concepts; the product of apprehension, are expressed by names or terms. (2) To establish a relation of identity or non-identity, of agreement or non-agreement, between the objects of two concepts, in affirming or denying one object of another is to judge. A judgment is expressed in a proposition. (3) To reason is to combine two or more judgments so as to form a new one. The complete ordinary expression of this simplest exercise of reasoning is the syllogism. 3. The Formal Cause of the Logical Order. -- The formal object of logic, or the point of view from which logic regards the acts of the mind, is their adaptability to certain processes of thought which are called either particular sciences or philosophy. These processes imply stages. The mind must grasp the numerous aspects of reality one after another before coordinating the fragmentary explications. Judgment is the first step in combining ideas; judgments in their turn become the materials of reasoning; an isolated piece of reasoning does not suffice to produce adequate knowledge of things, but several reasonings become materials of a scientific system. This rational arrangement of ideas constitutes the logical order properly so called: "the order which reason constitutes for its own acts". 4. Difference between Psychology and Logic. -- Many different sciences may be concerned with one and the same subject, if they study different properties in it, and, consequently, consider it from different points of view. They are then said to have a common (that is, undetermined) object, but each has its own formal (or determined) object. Psychology, too, has in part for its (material) object the act of human reason, but it does not study them under the same aspect (formal object) as logic does. Psychology sees in them vital acts, of which it seeks the nature and origin. Logic considers them in so far as they are cognitions of objects, objective representations, abstract and universal, furnishing the matter of the relations which reason formulates in judgments and reasonings, and arranges in a scientific system. In psychology, as in all the sciences of the real, order is the necessary condition of science; but logic has this order for its object. Its proper object is the form itself of this scientific construction. Shipping may be from our UK warehouse or from our Australian or US warehouses, depending on stock availability.

Paperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book delves into the fascinating realm of logic, exploring its fundamental principles and systematic approach to thinking, judging, and reasoning. The author skillfully guides readers through the historical evolution of logic, tracing its roots back to ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle and examining its development through the centuries. The text delves into the core concepts of logic, such as apprehension, judgment, and reasoning, and their interplay in the pursuit of truth. It dissects the intricacies of propositions, categories, and predicables, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding how we form and express our thoughts. The author masterfully compares and contrasts logic with other disciplines like psychology and metaphysics, highlighting its unique focus on the formal structure of thought and its role as the "science of sciences." By exploring the depths of logical reasoning and its application in various fields, this book equips readers with invaluable tools for critical thinking and clear communication. It empowers individuals to analyze arguments, identify fallacies, and construct sound reasoning, ultimately leading to a more profound understanding of the world around us. The insights offered within these pages serve as a testament to the enduring power of logic in shaping human knowledge and guiding our quest for truth. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.

Gebunden. Condizione: New. KlappentextrnrnExcerpt from Elements of LogicEach science enlightens the mind about the particular object with which it concerns itself and consequently, anyone who had studied all of them would be marvellously equipped for always formi.

Paperback. Condizione: new. Paperback. With Imprimatur. Introduction 1. Definition of Logic. -- Logic is the systematic study of the order to be observed in judging, reasoning, and other processes of thought in order to arrive at the knowledge of truth. This definition shows us: (1) the materials (material cause) of the logical order; (2) their elaboration (formal cause) (3) the purpose of this elaboration (final cause). 2. Materials of Logical Order. -- In some sense, these materials are acts of the mind, like apprehension, judgment, ratiocination (reasoning); but strictly speaking, only apprehensions are the material object of logical order (3). (1) By apprehension the mind represents to itself one thing or many things, without either affirming or denying anything. Concepts; the product of apprehension, are expressed by names or terms. (2) To establish a relation of identity or non-identity, of agreement or non-agreement, between the objects of two concepts, in affirming or denying one object of another is to judge. A judgment is expressed in a proposition. (3) To reason is to combine two or more judgments so as to form a new one. The complete ordinary expression of this simplest exercise of reasoning is the syllogism. 3. The Formal Cause of the Logical Order. -- The formal object of logic, or the point of view from which logic regards the acts of the mind, is their adaptability to certain processes of thought which are called either particular sciences or philosophy. These processes imply stages. The mind must grasp the numerous aspects of reality one after another before coordinating the fragmentary explications. Judgment is the first step in combining ideas; judgments in their turn become the materials of reasoning; an isolated piece of reasoning does not suffice to produce adequate knowledge of things, but several reasonings become materials of a scientific system. This rational arrangement of ideas constitutes the logical order properly so called: "the order which reason constitutes for its own acts". 4. Difference between Psychology and Logic. -- Many different sciences may be concerned with one and the same subject, if they study different properties in it, and, consequently, consider it from different points of view. They are then said to have a common (that is, undetermined) object, but each has its own formal (or determined) object. Psychology, too, has in part for its (material) object the act of human reason, but it does not study them under the same aspect (formal object) as logic does. Psychology sees in them vital acts, of which it seeks the nature and origin. Logic considers them in so far as they are cognitions of objects, objective representations, abstract and universal, furnishing the matter of the relations which reason formulates in judgments and reasonings, and arranges in a scientific system. In psychology, as in all the sciences of the real, order is the necessary condition of science; but logic has this order for its object. Its proper object is the form itself of this scientific construction. This item is printed on demand. Shipping may be from our UK warehouse or from our Australian or US warehouses, depending on stock availability.