Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle

The Third International Symposium on Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle, organized by George Frank, C. Paul Bianchi, and Henk E. DJ. ter Keurs, was held in Banff Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada during June 26 to June 30, 1991. The theme of these symposia has been to recognize the similarities and dissimilarities of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Cross fertilization of concepts of excitation-contraction coupling in these three types of muscle has occurred since the early studies in the late fifties and early sixties on skeletal muscle. Investigators in each field meet only at specialized symposia which exclude investigators in the other fields. The purpose of the symposia has been to bring together international investigators studying excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle so that we may learn from each other and hence provide a more global concept of excitation-contraction. The Third International Symposia has accomplished its objective as we recognize that calcium channels of the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum play key essential roles in excitation-contraction coupling in all three types of muscles. In skeletal muscle the recognition that E-C coupling consists of two parallel mechanisms, one dependent upon a dihydropyridine voltage-sensitive sensors coupled to calcium release from the terminal cisternae via the ryanodine sensitive channel in the foot structure of the triad.

Speakers.- Na/Ca Exchange and First Messenger Ca in Skeletal Muscle Excitation-Contraction Coupling.- The Significance of Na+ in E-C Coupling in Muscle.- Cellular Mg++ Accumulation is Altered by Extracellular Na+ and Directly Affects Agonist-Induced Mobilization of Ca++ in Vascular Smooth Muscle.- Calcium and Potassium Channel Regulation by Protein Phosphorylation in Smooth Muscle Cells of Guinea Pig Taenia Coli.- Potassium Channel Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle.- Excitation- Contraction Coupling in Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells: Evolution during in vitro Myogenesis.- Volume Changes During Contraction of Isolated Frog Muscle Fibers.- Analysis of Factors Involved in the Tissue Selectivity of Calcium Antagonists.- The Functional Role of T-Tubular Calcium Channels in Skeletal Muscle Contractions.- Effects of Calcium Release from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum on Intramembrane Charge Movement in Skeletal Muscle.- Ca2+ Antagonists as Tools in the Analysis of Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle Fibres.- Regulation of Calcium Slow Channels in Cardiac Muscle and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.- Subcellular Calcium Compartmentation and Exchange in the Cardiac Cell: Relation to Contractile Control.- Calcium Release and Force Development in Rat Myocardium.- Potentiation of Contraction as Related to Changes in Free and Total Intracellular Calcium.- Imaging of Calcium Transients during Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle Fibers.- Role of Calcium Channels of the Sarcolemma and the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Skeletal Muscle Functions.- Two Kinds of Calcium-Induced Release of Calcium from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Skinned Cardiac Cells.- The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Skeletal Muscle: A Look from Inside.- Ligand Binding and Cooperative Interactions among the Subunits of the Tetrameric Ca2+ Release Channel Complex of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- Control of Calcium Release from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- Mechanisms of Calcium Release from Terminal Cisternae in Crustacean Muscle.- Presenters.- nACh Receptor-Activity Modulating Intracellular Ca2+ (RAMIC); Its Finding, Properties and Roles.- Energetics of Muscarinic Stimulation of Smooth Muscle.- NPY-(18–36) and Pertussis Toxin Distinguish between the Negative and Positive Contractile Effects of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in Ventricular Cardiomyocytes.- Effect of Ryanodine on Glycerinated Rabbit Psoas Muscle Fibers.- Modulation of Ca2+ Release and Na+ Channel Function in Skeletal Muscle by Fatty Acids.- Effect of Free Radicals on Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Isolated Rat and Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes.- [Ca2+] and [Na+] in Rat Ventricular Myocytes Showing Negative and Positive Force Frequency Relationships.- Action of Vasoconstrictor Hormones and Calcium Entry Modulators on Electrical Activity and Intracellular Calcium of Smooth Muscle Cells.- Solubilization, Physiological Role and Localization of a Key Protein (31.5 KD) to Excitation-Contraction Coupling Process of Frog Skeletal Muscle Cells, Using Phenylglyoxal.- GTP?S Activates Calcium Channels in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Cells.- Effects of Cyclopiazonic Acid, an Inhibitor of the Ca++ ATPase of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, on Ca++ Transport, Contraction and Relaxation in Cardiac Muscle.- Role of External Calcium and Sarcolemmal Na/Ca Exchange in the Depolarisation-Contraction Coupling in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle.- IP3 and GTP?S Cause Contraction of Permeabilised Guinea Pig Ileum Longitudinal Smooth Muscle via Distinct Mechanisms.- Ag+-Induced Inward Current on Frog Skeletal Muscle.- ‘Reverse Use-Dependent’ Effects of 4-Aminopyridine on the Transient Outward Potassium Current in Ferret Right Ventricular Myocytes.- Interaction of ICa with INa/Ca [Ca++]i and Ca++ Binding Proteins in Frog Atrium: A Theoretical Study.- Evidence for the Existence of Endothelial Factors Regulating Contractility in Rat Heart.- Active and Passive Forces during Ischemia and Reperfusion of Rat Fast and Slow Twitch Skeletal Muscles.- Ca2+ Influx through Voltage- and Purinoceptor-Operated Channels Estimated from [Ca2+]c Signals (Myocytes from Guinea-Pig Urinary Bladder).- Calyculin A Modulates Voltage-Dependent Outward Current in Guinea-Pig Taenia Coli Smooth Muscle Cells.- Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Canine Tracheal Smooth Muscle Cells.- Negative Inotropic Effects of Caffeine Related to Leak of Ca2+ from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Relaxation of Aortas from Copper-Deficient Rats.- Modulation of L-Type Calcium Current in Mammalian Ventricular Myocytes by Photolysis of Caged Calcium.- Effects of Inorganic Phosphate on Calcium and Tension Oscillations in Saponin-Treated Rat Cardiac Muscle.- Effects of Low Ionic Strength and Calmodulin on the Decline in Maximal Calcium-Activated Force in Permeabilized Smooth Muscle.- Correlation between the Results of Functional and Receptor Binding Studies in Cardiac Muscle.- Pulmonary Beta Receptor Number Changes under the Influence of Ovalbumin Sensitization and Glucocorticoid Treatment.- Role of Guanylate Cyclase Activation in the Smooth Muscle Actions of Dihydropyridines.- ?-Mediated Vasoconstriction: Transmembrane Signalling and Receptor Reclassification.- The Effects of Changes in pO2 on Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Relaxations of the Human Umbilical Artery and Rat Aorta.- Ca Ions and Potassium Contracture in the Retractor Unguis Muscle of the Cockroach.- Sphingosine Inhibits Calcium Release from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membranes.- Purification of a Ryanodine-Sensitive Channel Protein from Human Neutrophils.- Regulation of Smooth Muscle Contraction by the Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms.- Calcium Release Channel of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum: An Important Target for Doxorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity.- Calcium or Sodium Leakage Channels in Cultured Mammalian Myotubes.- Citrate Decreases Ca Current and Changes Selectivity of Cardiac Ca Channels.- Effects on Ca2+ Uptake of Monoclonal Antibodies Raised against Canine Cardiac Phospholamban and their Correlation with Epitopic Location.- 45Ca++ Efflux Studies in Rabbit T-Tubule Membrane Preparations in the Range of Late After Potentials during Tetanic Contractions.- Biochemical Properties of OR-1259 - A Positive Inotropic and Vasodilatory Compound with an Antiarrhythmic Effect.- Characterization of a Muscle Membrane ATPase Glycoprotein.- Role of Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Mediating Ca2+ Entry in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.- Postganglionic Nicotinic Action of Anatoxin-A on Guinea Pig Ileum Antagonized by Thymopentin.- The Surface Input Site Responsible for Excitation-Contraction (E-C) Coupling Mechanism in Single Skeletal Muscle Fibres of Frog.- Ca-Induced Ca Release from the SR of Barnacle Myofibrillar Bundles, Triggered by the Photorelease of Calcium Ions from Caged Calcium.- Contractile and Electrophysiologic Effects of Realkalization in Cardiac Tissues: Role of Na/H Exchange and Increased [Ca]I.- Leukotriene-Induced Contraction of Isolated Guinea Pig Gallbladder (GB) Strips.- Effects of Ryanodine on SR Ca2+ Release Channels Demonstrated with Caffeine-Induced Tension Transients in Skinned Striated and Vascular Smooth Muscle.- Effects of Diaphragmatic Fatigue on Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis.- Physiological Role and Localization of the New Ouabain Receptor Protein (31.5 KD) from Cat Cardiac Muscles, Using the Monoclonal AB against the Protein.- Na-Ca Exchange Current During the Cardiac Action Potential.- Author Index.