Da: ThriftBooks-Atlanta, AUSTELL, GA, U.S.A.
Hardcover. Condizione: As New. No Jacket. Pages are clean and are not marred by notes or folds of any kind. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less.
Da: THE SAINT BOOKSTORE, Southport, Regno Unito
EUR 31,59
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback / softback. Condizione: New. New copy - Usually dispatched within 4 working days.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 16,47
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Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. Unveiling the remarkable journey of paint through centuries of innovation, "On the Oil Painting, by M. E. Chevreul" presents a comprehensive historical and scientific analysis of the medium. It traces the evolution of oil painting from its humble beginnings to its status as a coveted art form, all while grounding the discussion in a deep understanding of the chemical properties and techniques that have shaped its development. The author, a renowned chemist, takes readers on an in-depth exploration of the drying process of oil paints, providing a scientific basis for the practical methods employed by artists. Through meticulous experimentation, he unravels the influence of various factors such as light, temperature, and the composition of paints themselves. Beyond the technicalities, "On the Oil Painting" delves into the transformative power of oil painting, tracing its role in revolutionizing artistic expression and expanding the creative possibilities of painters. It sheds light on how this medium enabled the creation of masterpieces characterized by depth, realism, and enduring beauty. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 17,68
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book delves into the history of dyeing and fabric treatment, providing a comprehensive view of the field from ancient practices to the cutting-edge developments of the 19th century. The author traces the evolution of dyeing techniques, from the use of natural dyes to the advent of synthetic colors, and examines the impact of industrialization on the industry. Beyond its technical focus, the book explores the cultural significance of dyeing, revealing how the pursuit of color has influenced art, fashion, and society throughout history. Its insights shed light on the enduring power of human creativity and the transformative nature of scientific advancement in shaping our material world. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 19,07
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Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book examines the theories of color harmony and their applications in interior design, and explores the role of color in artistic and decorative contexts. The author provides a comprehensive overview of color theory, including the science of light and color perception, the relationships between different colors, and the use of complementary colors to create visual interest and balance. The book also discusses the historical development of color theory and its influence on various art movements, with a particular focus on the practical application of color in interior design. Through a blend of theoretical insights and practical guidance, this book offers a valuable resource for interior designers, artists, and anyone interested in understanding and using color effectively. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 20,90
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Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book explores the methodology of science, particularly the experimental 'a posteriori' method, through the lens of chemistry, drawing insights from the author's personal research experiences. The author argues that the key to understanding the concrete world lies in abstracting its properties, qualities, and attributes. This methodology has profound implications for our understanding of the natural world, from the classification of plants and animals to the study of human physiology and social phenomena. The book offers a powerful framework for understanding the complexities of the world around us and the limits and possibilities of scientific inquiry. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 15,16
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Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 21,81
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book delves into the intriguing history of fermentation, a fundamental process that has shaped human civilization. The author, a respected scientist, examines the groundbreaking work of Louis Pasteur and other pioneers in the field, shedding light on the complex relationship between fermentation and the growth of microorganisms. Through meticulous research and engaging storytelling, the book reveals the vital role that fermentation plays in the production of beer, wine, bread, and other essential products. Along the way, it explores the intricate interplay between science and culinary arts, highlighting the profound impact that fermentation has had on our understanding of chemistry and biology. By delving into the origins and mechanisms of fermentation, this book illuminates the scientific principles that underpin this ancient practice, offering a fresh perspective on its significance in the evolution of human culture and technological advancements. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,00
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Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. Drawing from the fields of mineralogy and physics, this book presents a detailed analysis of three precious stones. The author begins by summarizing previous research conducted on these stones and then presents new analyses completed by the author. The book goes on to examine the composition of the gems and the matrix in which they are found to understand how they were formed. The author concludes that the gems were formed by a process known as "wet deposition," and this conclusion is supported by the shape and composition of the crystals themselves. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,12
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Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book presents a detailed study of the reactions between hydrocarbons, offering a comprehensive examination of the synthesis of pyrogenic hydrocarbons. The author delves into the formation of different hydrocarbons through the condensation of several molecular units and the combination of several different hydrocarbon molecules. The book explores the historical significance of these reactions and their role in the development of the field, providing a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in various disciplines. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,13
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book delves into the fascinating world of capillary phenomena, exploring the intricate interactions between liquids and solid surfaces. The author embarks on a scientific journey, presenting a comprehensive analysis of the behavior of liquids in capillary tubes and between parallel glass plates. Through meticulous experimentation, the author sheds new light on the relationship between the diameter of capillary tubes and the height to which a liquid rises within them, challenging long-held assumptions. The book also investigates the influence of temperature on capillary action, revealing the intricate interplay between these two factors. Furthermore, the author examines the adhesion between liquids and solid surfaces, providing valuable insights into the forces at play when a liquid is separated from a solid or when a solid is submerged in a liquid. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, and anyone interested in the fundamental principles governing the behavior of liquids in capillary systems, offering a deeper understanding of these phenomena and their implications in various fields. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,16
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book explores the origins and development of chemistry as a unique and specialized field of knowledge within a broader context of scientific discovery. The author argues that chemistry is distinct from the physical and biological sciences due to its focus on the analysis, understanding, and classification of matter. By examining the intricate relationship between theory and experimentation in chemistry, the author sheds light on the field's crucial role in the advancement of human understanding of the material world. This book offers a comprehensive examination of the conceptual underpinnings of chemistry, tracing its evolution from an amalgam of ancient beliefs and practices, through the transformative contributions of pioneering scientists, to its modern status as a rigorous and indispensable discipline. The insights provided in this book are not only valuable to chemistry students and practitioners but also to anyone interested in the history of science and the interplay of theory, experiment, and discovery. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,18
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book offers a groundbreaking perspective on the synthesis of glycerides and ethers, delving into their relation to fatty acids. It began with the work of Berthelot, who demonstrated that glycerine is a triatomic alcohol. This book expands on Berthelot's discoveries, exploring various combinations of acids and alcohols with glycerine to create new compounds. The author provides detailed descriptions of experimental processes, enabling readers to replicate and build upon the research presented. This book is an invaluable resource for those seeking a deeper understanding of glyceride and ether synthesis and its implications for organic chemistry. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,26
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book scrutinizes the element thallium, detailing its discovery, properties, and compounds. The author, a notable chemist, presents a comprehensive analysis of thallium's behavior and characteristics, discussing its reactions with various elements and its significance in the broader scientific landscape. The book delves into the historical context of thallium's discovery and explores the evolution of its applications and implications. By examining thallium's unique properties and interactions, the author sheds light on the complexities of this fascinating element and its role in shaping our understanding of chemistry. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,29
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book presents the results of investigations on specific heats of simple substances, with a focus on gases and vapors. The latest experimental methods and analyses are employed to determine the specific heats of various substances, including some that were previously not well-understood. By examining the specific heats of different substances, the author explores the relationship between the physical properties of a substance and its chemical composition. The results offer valuable insights into the fundamental nature of matter and the behavior of gases and vapors. The book's findings contribute to the broader field of thermodynamics and provide a deeper understanding of the thermal properties of substances at varying temperatures. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,34
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book delves into the detailed scientific observations of the changes in temperature produced by mixing various liquids. The author presents their findings on the unexpected and counterintuitive effects caused by the diffusion of the liquids into each other, which often produces a cooling effect rather than an increase in heat as one might expect. In addition to the impact on temperature, the author also presents their investigations into the changes in volume that accompany the mixing of liquids. Through a series of experiments, the author provides insights into the relationship between the chemical affinity of the liquids and the observed changes, challenging traditional assumptions about the role of affinity in these phenomena. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,34
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book explores the intriguing phenomenon of magnetic rotation of polarized light in liquids, known as the magneto-optic effect. The author, a recognized expert in the field, meticulously examines the influence of various factors on this effect, laying bare the intricate relationship between molecular structure and magneto-optic properties. Through a series of groundbreaking experiments, the author unveils the impact of temperature, density, and molecular composition on the magnetic rotation of different liquids, including alcohols, sulfides, iodides, and acids. The book's findings shed new light on the fundamental nature of liquids and their interactions with magnetic fields. It also demonstrates the potential applications of the magneto-optic effect in various fields, including optics, chemistry, and material science. By delving into the intricacies of this fascinating phenomenon, this book expands our understanding of the electromagnetic properties of matter and opens up new avenues for scientific exploration. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,34
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book details an improved and cost-effective way of purifying residual waste left over from the industrial production of various chemicals, including chlorine and various forms of soda. The author provides a method of rendering these previously harmful byproducts into a form both inert and potentially profitable. Thorough instructions walk the reader through the process of achieving this industrial alchemy and harnessing the power of sulfur, turning what was once a nuisance into a valuable commodity. The methods in this book represent a significant advancement in industrial chemistry and waste management, setting a new standard for environmental responsibility and economic efficiency. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,35
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book presents fresh insights into the chemical composition and characteristics of prominent elements and compounds. The author examines the reactions between perchloric chloride (PCI) and several chemical elements like hydrogen, sulfur, arsenic, and iodine, along with several metals including zinc, tin, and platinum, and explores the resulting products in detail. Moreover, compounds like hydrogen sulfide and sulfides of various metals are studied for their interaction with phosphorus chlorides. Through these investigations, the author identifies novel phosphorus-containing compounds and delves into their chemical structures and properties. This book expands our understanding of the interplay between PCI and other elements through meticulous experimentation and analysis, offering valuable knowledge for chemists and researchers. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,35
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book presents metallurgical techniques for refining platinum from its ore, borne of a collaboration between the author and scientists at the Russian Imperial Mint in Saint Petersburg. The author himself was a chemist who made significant contributions to our understanding of rare earth elements, and his insights into platinum metallurgy remain valuable to this day. Drawing on both wet and dry methods to refine raw ore, the author and his collaborators not only developed new techniques but also refined existing processes for producing platinum, paving the way for more efficient and cost-effective extraction. Through meticulously observed experiments, the author outlines step-by-step processes for achieving high levels of purity, opening the door to more widespread use of platinum in various industries. This book is essential reading for metallurgists, chemists, and historians of science interested in the development of platinum refining techniques. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,35
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book presents an in-depth study of the crystallization of the salt sodium sulfate. Through experiments, the author discovered that this salt can adopt different molecular structures, which influence its solubility. Prior to this work, it was assumed that salts always dissolved in the same proportions. The author demonstrated that sodium sulfate's increasing solubility as temperatures increase, then its decrease as temperatures continue to rise, is connected to these structural changes. Beyond its scientific rigor, this book encourages a new understanding of the complex behavior of matter. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,38
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book investigates the relation between acids, anhydrides, and ethers, expanding on the work of Williamson and Gerhardt. It shows that the chemical reactions between these compound classes are identical, offering new insights into their analogous behaviors. The author explores the impact of hydracids on these compounds, discovering that ethers, like acids, undergo decomposition into their corresponding halide and acid. This finding challenges the established view that ethers do not react with hydracids, demonstrating the generality of this reaction across various compound classes and providing a deeper understanding of their chemical properties. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,38
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book establishes a series of novel methods for analyzing chemical compounds using a combination of wet chemistry and a specialized dry or "middle way" approach. The author argues that the field of chemical analysis has been hampered by methods that are either imprecise or introduce errors, particularly gravimetric analysis. The author's approach employs temperature-controlled calcination to separate and quantify elemental oxides with a high degree of accuracy and precision. The text is highly technical, but the depth of the author's exploration and the rigor of the research are evident. This volume will be an essential addition to the library of any chemist seeking to perform precise and accurate elemental analysis. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,38
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book charts the evolution of scientific understanding of the nature of gases, a journey of groundbreaking experimentation and theoretical innovation. Beginning with ancient ideas, the author traces the development of the field through the Renaissance and Enlightenment, culminating in the 19th-century breakthroughs that provided a firm foundation for modern chemistry and physics. The book explores the contributions of Boyle, Lavoisier, Dalton, and many others. Crucially, it brings to light the interplay between experimentation, the development of scientific instruments, the rise of new theoretical concepts, and the influence of prevailing philosophical ideas. Through this historical lens, the author highlights the complex and dynamic nature of scientific progress, and the profound significance of gases in shaping our understanding of the physical world. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,41
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book examines the effects of light on various substances, specifically exploring the phenomenon of phosphorescence, where materials emit light after being exposed to an external light source. The author investigates the intensity of the emitted light in relation to the intensity of the incident light, as well as the duration of the emission and the capacity of different substances to absorb and emit light. Through these experiments, the author delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, providing valuable insights into the nature of light and its interactions with matter. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,43
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book delves into the electrical phenomena accompanying the chemical reactions in a voltaic cell, known as the voltaic pile. The author examines the long-standing debate over the source of voltaic electricity, arguing that the driving force originates not at the contact points of the two metals in the cell but rather at the interface between these metals and the electrolyte solution. Through detailed experiments, the author demonstrates that chemical action is essential for the generation of electricity, and that the two processes occur simultaneously. The book explores the role of impurities in zinc in influencing its reactivity and the effect of amalgamation in mitigating this issue. The author also discusses the polarization of molecules at the liquid-metal interface, providing a deeper understanding of the electrochemical processes at play. Overall, this book offers valuable insights into the fundamental principles governing the generation of electricity in voltaic cells. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,48
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book presents an in-depth analysis of the chemical makeup of gases released by volcanic vents in southern Italy. Its significance lies in providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of these gases in the geological processes associated with volcanism. The authors, renowned scientists in the field of volcanology, meticulously collected and examined gas samples from various active and dormant volcanic sites. Their findings reveal a complex interplay between different gases, including carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and various hydrocarbons. The book explores the implications of these findings for understanding volcanic activity, providing insights into the dynamics of magma degassing, the formation of hydrothermal systems, and the potential hazards associated with volcanic eruptions. The authors' meticulous approach and thorough analysis make this book an invaluable resource for geoscientists, volcanologists, and anyone seeking to deepen their knowledge of volcanic processes and their impact on the Earth's systems. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,74
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book investigates colliding elastic spheres. It incorporates dimensional measurements, and the trajectory and rotations of the spheres. The author explores the relationship of these factors to each other and to the energy produced by elastic collisions. This book builds upon the work in the field and broadens the understanding of collisions between elastic bodies. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 22,99
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This volume examines barometric variations over time, referring to earlier works on the subject and analyzing data collected by scientists throughout the 19th century. The author, a scientist with practical experience in meteorological studies, describes his own observations in the context of key scientific discoveries of the time and summarizes ambient atmospheric conditions during specific expeditions that set the stage for important advances in science. These expeditions collected data across a wide range of altitudes in tropical regions, providing the foundation for the author's conclusions regarding the properties of the atmosphere and variations in pressure in different weather patterns. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.
Da: Forgotten Books, London, Regno Unito
EUR 23,04
Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloPaperback. Condizione: New. Print on Demand. This book delves into the history and significance of two iron rods, referred to as toises, which were used as the standard measure of length in France for over a century. The author traces the toises' origins back to the 18th century, when they were commissioned by the French Academy of Sciences to establish a uniform system of measurement. The book meticulously chronicles how these toises were used in groundbreaking scientific expeditions, including the measurement of the Earth's meridian by scientists like Pierre Bouguer and Charles Marie de La Condamine. Along with the historical narrative, the author analyzes the toises' construction, examining the techniques used in their creation and the materials employed. Through a close examination of the toises' physical properties and their role in scientific advancements, the book sheds light on the evolution of scientific instrumentation and the development of precise measurement standards. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.