Chie hashimoto (19 risultati)

Autore
Perfeziona con la Ricerca avanzata

Perfeziona la tua ricerca

  • Libri (19)

a

Fascia di prezzo personalizzata (EUR)

a

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer Verlag, Singapore, Singapore, 2024

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato

    Da: Grand Eagle Retail, Bensenville, IL, U.S.A.Grand Eagle Retail

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 187,65

     Spedizione gratuita 
    Spedito in U.S.A.

    Quantità: 1 disponibili

    Hardcover. Condizione: new. Hardcover. This book reviews all the findings about bonobos and the local people of Wamba village in the Luo Scientific Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo over the last 50 years. In 1973, Takayoshi Kano, a Japanese primatologist, traveled across a vast area of the Congo Basin with a bicycle and found Wamba village to be a promising site to start his first studies on wild bonobos. Since then, many researchers from Japan and all over the world have been working at Wamba, now the longest standing study site, to uncover various aspects of the ecology and behavior of this most recently identified great ape species. The researchers study bonobo behaviors and carry out various activities for the conservation of bonobos. They also conduct anthropological studies of local people who live with bonobos and believe them to be distant relatives from the same family, living in the forest. This book is published in commemoration of 2023 marking the 50th year of study. The main chapters are contributed by active researchers studying bonobos and the local people at Wamba. The book also includes contributions from various eminent researchers who have carried out short-term research or have supported research at Wamba, which helps place these studies of bonobos in a broader primatological or anthropological perspective. This book will be a useful resource for professional researchers in primatology and anthropology, as well as graduate or undergraduate students interested in these research fields. The book also includes contributions from various eminent researchers who have carried out short-term research or have supported research at Wamba, which helps place these studies of bonobos in a broader primatological or anthropological perspective. Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability.

  • Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 191,92

    EUR 17,47 spedizione 
    Spedito da Regno Unito a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 1 disponibili

    Hardcover. Condizione: Brand New. 610 pages. 9.25x6.10x1.26 inches. In Stock.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, 2025

    9819947901 / 9789819947904

    • Brossura

    Da: preigu, Osnabrück, Germaniapreigu

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 184,95

    EUR 70,00 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 5 disponibili

    Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Bonobos and People at Wamba: 50 Years of Research | Takeshi Furuichi (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | xxi | Englisch | 2025 | Springer | EAN 9789819947904 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg, juergen[dot]hartmann[at]springer[dot]com | Anbieter: preigu.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, 2025

    9819947901 / 9789819947904

    • Brossura

    Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 232,53

    EUR 37,68 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 1 disponibili

    Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This book reviews all the findings about bonobos and the local people of Wamba village in the Luo Scientific Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo over the last 50 years. In 1973, Takayoshi Kano, a Japanese primatologist, traveled across a vast area of the Congo Basin with a bicycle and found Wamba village to be a promising site to start his first studies on wild bonobos. Since then, many researchers from Japan and all over the world have been working at Wamba, now the longest standing study site, to uncover various aspects of the ecology and behavior of this most recently identified great ape species. The researchers study bonobo behaviors and carry out various activities for the conservation of bonobos. They also conduct anthropological studies of local people who live with bonobos and believe them to be distant relatives from the same family, living in the forest. This book is published in commemoration of 2023 marking the 50th year of study.The main chapters are contributed by active researchers studying bonobos and the local people at Wamba. The book also includes contributions from various eminent researchers who have carried out short-term research or have supported research at Wamba, which helps place these studies of bonobos in a broader primatological or anthropological perspective.This book will be a useful resource for professional researchers in primatology and anthropology, as well as graduate or undergraduate students interested in these research fields.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, 2024

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato

    Da: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, GermaniaAHA-BUCH GmbH

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 232,53

    EUR 38,80 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 1 disponibili

    Buch. Condizione: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This book reviews all the findings about bonobos and the local people of Wamba village in the Luo Scientific Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo over the last 50 years. In 1973, Takayoshi Kano, a Japanese primatologist, traveled across a vast area of the Congo Basin with a bicycle and found Wamba village to be a promising site to start his first studies on wild bonobos. Since then, many researchers from Japan and all over the world have been working at Wamba, now the longest standing study site, to uncover various aspects of the ecology and behavior of this most recently identified great ape species. The researchers study bonobo behaviors and carry out various activities for the conservation of bonobos. They also conduct anthropological studies of local people who live with bonobos and believe them to be distant relatives from the same family, living in the forest. This book is published in commemoration of 2023 marking the 50th year of study.The main chapters are contributed by active researchers studying bonobos and the local people at Wamba. The book also includes contributions from various eminent researchers who have carried out short-term research or have supported research at Wamba, which helps place these studies of bonobos in a broader primatological or anthropological perspective.This book will be a useful resource for professional researchers in primatology and anthropology, as well as graduate or undergraduate students interested in these research fields.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, 2024

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato

    Da: Books Puddle, New York, NY, U.S.A.Books Puddle

    Venditore con 4 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 290,18

    EUR 3,43 spedizione 
    Spedito in U.S.A.

    Quantità: 4 disponibili

    Condizione: New. 1st ed. 2023 edition NO-PA16APR2015-KAP.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer Verlag, Singapore, Singapore, 2024

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato

    Da: AussieBookSeller, Truganina, VIC, AustraliaAussieBookSeller

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 305,65

    EUR 31,80 spedizione 
    Spedito da Australia a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 1 disponibili

    Hardcover. Condizione: new. Hardcover. This book reviews all the findings about bonobos and the local people of Wamba village in the Luo Scientific Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo over the last 50 years. In 1973, Takayoshi Kano, a Japanese primatologist, traveled across a vast area of the Congo Basin with a bicycle and found Wamba village to be a promising site to start his first studies on wild bonobos. Since then, many researchers from Japan and all over the world have been working at Wamba, now the longest standing study site, to uncover various aspects of the ecology and behavior of this most recently identified great ape species. The researchers study bonobo behaviors and carry out various activities for the conservation of bonobos. They also conduct anthropological studies of local people who live with bonobos and believe them to be distant relatives from the same family, living in the forest. This book is published in commemoration of 2023 marking the 50th year of study. The main chapters are contributed by active researchers studying bonobos and the local people at Wamba. The book also includes contributions from various eminent researchers who have carried out short-term research or have supported research at Wamba, which helps place these studies of bonobos in a broader primatological or anthropological perspective. This book will be a useful resource for professional researchers in primatology and anthropology, as well as graduate or undergraduate students interested in these research fields. The book also includes contributions from various eminent researchers who have carried out short-term research or have supported research at Wamba, which helps place these studies of bonobos in a broader primatological or anthropological perspective. Shipping may be from our Sydney, NSW warehouse or from our UK or US warehouse, depending on stock availability.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, 2024

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato

    Da: Mispah books, Redhill, SURRE, Regno UnitoMispah books

    Venditore con 4 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 407,86

    EUR 29,12 spedizione 
    Spedito da Regno Unito a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 1 disponibili

    hardcover. Condizione: New. NEW. SHIPS FROM MULTIPLE LOCATIONS. book.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, 2025

    9819947901 / 9789819947904

    • Brossura

    Da: BUCHSERVICE / ANTIQUARIAT Lars Lutzer, Wahlstedt, GermaniaBUCHSERVICE / ANTIQUARIAT Lars Lutzer

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Usato - Molto buono

    EUR 449,90

    EUR 39,95 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 1 disponibili

    Softcover. Condizione: gut. 2025. Bonobos and People at Wamba: 50 Years of Research In deutscher Sprache. pages.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, 2025

    9819947901 / 9789819947904

    • Brossura
    • Print on Demand

    Da: Brook Bookstore On Demand, Napoli, NA, ItaliaBrook Bookstore On Demand

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 166,29

    EUR 11,00 spedizione 
    Spedito da Italia a U.S.A.

    Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili

    Condizione: new. Questo è un articolo print on demand.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, 2024

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato
    • Print on Demand

    Da: Brook Bookstore On Demand, Napoli, NA, ItaliaBrook Bookstore On Demand

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 166,29

    EUR 11,00 spedizione 
    Spedito da Italia a U.S.A.

    Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili

    Condizione: new. Questo è un articolo print on demand.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer Nature Singapore, Springer Nature Singapore Feb 2025, 2025

    9819947901 / 9789819947904

    • Brossura
    • Print on Demand

    Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, GermaniaBuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K.

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 192,59

    EUR 23,00 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 2 disponibili

    Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book reviews all the findings about bonobos and the local people of Wamba village in the Luo Scientific Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo over the last 50 years. In 1973, Takayoshi Kano, a Japanese primatologist, traveled across a vast area of the Congo Basin with a bicycle and found Wamba village to be a promising site to start his first studies on wild bonobos. Since then, many researchers from Japan and all over the world have been working at Wamba, now the longest standing study site, to uncover various aspects of the ecology and behavior of this most recently identified great ape species. The researchers study bonobo behaviors and carry out various activities for the conservation of bonobos. They also conduct anthropological studies of local people who live with bonobos and believe them to be distant relatives from the same family, living in the forest. This book is published in commemoration of 2023 marking the 50th year of study.The main chapters are contributed by active researchers studying bonobos and the local people at Wamba. The book also includes contributions from various eminent researchers who have carried out short-term research or have supported research at Wamba, which helps place these studies of bonobos in a broader primatological or anthropological perspective.This book will be a useful resource for professional researchers in primatology and anthropology, as well as graduate or undergraduate students interested in these research fields. 612 pp. Englisch.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, Berlin|Springer Nature Singapore|Springer, 2023

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato
    • Print on Demand

    Da: moluna, Greven, Germaniamoluna

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 180,07

    EUR 48,99 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili

    Gebunden. Condizione: New. Dieser Artikel ist ein Print on Demand Artikel und wird nach Ihrer Bestellung fuer Sie gedruckt. This book reviews all the findings about bonobos and the local people of Wamba village in the Luo Scientific Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo over the last 50 years. In 1973, Takayoshi Kano, a Japanese primatologist, traveled across a vast ar.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer Verlag GmbH, 2025

    9819947901 / 9789819947904

    • Brossura
    • Print on Demand

    Da: moluna, Greven, Germaniamoluna

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 180,07

    EUR 48,99 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: Più di 20 disponibili

    Condizione: New. Dieser Artikel ist ein Print on Demand Artikel und wird nach Ihrer Bestellung fuer Sie gedruckt.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, Springer Jan 2024, 2024

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato
    • Print on Demand

    Da: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, GermaniaBuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K.

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 213,99

    EUR 23,00 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 2 disponibili

    Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book reviews all the findings about bonobos and the local people of Wamba village in the Luo Scientific Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo over the last 50 years. In 1973, Takayoshi Kano, a Japanese primatologist, traveled across a vast area of the Congo Basin with a bicycle and found Wamba village to be a promising site to start his first studies on wild bonobos. Since then, many researchers from Japan and all over the world have been working at Wamba, now the longest standing study site, to uncover various aspects of the ecology and behavior of this most recently identified great ape species. The researchers study bonobo behaviors and carry out various activities for the conservation of bonobos. They also conduct anthropological studies of local people who live with bonobos and believe them to be distant relatives from the same family, living in the forest. This book is published in commemoration of 2023 marking the 50th year of study.The main chapters are contributed by active researchers studying bonobos and the local people at Wamba. The book also includes contributions from various eminent researchers who have carried out short-term research or have supported research at Wamba, which helps place these studies of bonobos in a broader primatological or anthropological perspective.This book will be a useful resource for professional researchers in primatology and anthropology, as well as graduate or undergraduate students interested in these research fields. 612 pp. Englisch.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, Springer Feb 2025, 2025

    9819947901 / 9789819947904

    • Brossura
    • Print on Demand

    Da: buchversandmimpf2000, Emtmannsberg, BAYE, Germaniabuchversandmimpf2000

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 213,99

    EUR 60,00 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 1 disponibili

    Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Chapter 1. A Journey to Discover Wamba.- Chapter 2. From the Early Days of Bonobo Research.- Chapter 3. Science's Early Reception of a 'New' Ape.- Chapter 4. Column: Mongo Forest.- Chapter 5. Column: Wamba: Base Camp for My Study in Zaïre.- Chapter 6. Column: Following Bonobos in the Forest.- Chapter 7. Column: Researchers Are Part of the Wamba Ecosystem.- Chapter 8. Sexual Behaviors and Hormonal Background of Female Bonobos.- Chapter 9. Personality Quirks and Polymorphic Genes in Bonobos.- Chapter 10. Within- and Between-Group Kin Structure of Wild Bonobos in Comparison to Other African Great Apes.- Chapter 11. Hunting and Meat-Eating Behaviors of Bonobos at Wamba: Comparison With Other Bonobo Study Sites.- Chapter 12. The Puzzle of Pan Tool Use: Why are Bonobos so Different from Chimpanzees in Their Use of Tools .- Chapter 13. A Closer Look at Grooming Patterns in Bonobos.- Chapter 14. Bonobo Gestures, Meanings, and Context.- Chapter 15. Multiple Phases of Natal Transfer Processin Female Bonobos and Factors Underlying Each Phase: Findings from Long-Term Observations in Wild Populations.- Chapter 16. Social Behaviors of Nulliparous Adolescent Female Bonobos.- Chapter 17. Column: What Kinds of Sexual Functions Does Genito-Genital Rubbing Have as a Socio-Sexual Behavior .- Chapter 18. Column: Food Sharing in Rich Environments.- Chapter 19. Column: Staying Together.- Chapter 20. Column: Exploring Bonobo Habitat Use in Wamba: Findings and Implications.- Chapter 21. Aggressive Behaviors and Social Dominance in Bonobos.- Chapter 22. Social Relationships in Female Bonobos.- Chapter 23. Intermale Relationships in Wild Bonobos at Wamba.- Chapter 24. Potential Benefits of Intergroup Associations and Chronological Changes of Intergroup Relationships in Bonobos.- Chapter 25. Column: From Nests and Videos to Wamba Bonobos.- Chapter 26. Column: Intergroup Aggression in Bonobos at Wamba.- Chapter 27. History of Anthropological Studies Around Wamba.- Chapter 28. SubsistenceActivities and Forest Utilization Among the Bongando People before and after the Congo War.- Chapter 29. Change of the Distribution Network Around the Wamba Region.- Chapter 30. Empowering Local Associations for Sustainable Local Development: The Case of a Collaborative Project in the Wamba Region.- Chapter 31. Taboo Against Eating Bonobos and its Degradation.- Chapter 32. The Importance of Monitoring Bonobos and Their Habitats for Informing Bonobo-Specific Conservation Prioritization and Planning.- Chapter 33. Column: A Bonobo Funeral: Relationships between Researchers and Local People as Exemplified in a Funeral Speech.- Chapter 34. Column: My First Ever Conservation Practice on African Great Apes; Bonobos in Wamba.- Chapter 35. Column: Re-Considering the Potential Geographic Distribution of Great Apes for Conservation Action: What is Suitable .- Chapter 36. The Influence of the Congo River on the Evolutionary Trajectory of Bonobos.- Chapter 37. The Evolution of Empathy and its Expression in Bonobo.- Chapter 38. Hypotheses for the Evolution of Bonobos: Self-Domestication and Ecological Adaptation.- Chapter 39.Prolonged Sexual Receptivity in Females and its Impact on the Evolution of Bonobos.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 612 pp. Englisch.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, Springer Jan 2024, 2024

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato
    • Print on Demand

    Da: buchversandmimpf2000, Emtmannsberg, BAYE, Germaniabuchversandmimpf2000

    Venditore con 5 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 213,99

    EUR 60,00 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 1 disponibili

    Buch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Chapter 1. A Journey to Discover Wamba.- Chapter 2. From the Early Days of Bonobo Research.- Chapter 3. Science's Early Reception of a 'New' Ape.- Chapter 4. Column: Mongo Forest.- Chapter 5. Column: Wamba: Base Camp for My Study in Zaïre.- Chapter 6. Column: Following Bonobos in the Forest.- Chapter 7. Column: Researchers Are Part of the Wamba Ecosystem.- Chapter 8. Sexual Behaviors and Hormonal Background of Female Bonobos.- Chapter 9. Personality Quirks and Polymorphic Genes in Bonobos.- Chapter 10. Within- and Between-Group Kin Structure of Wild Bonobos in Comparison to Other African Great Apes.- Chapter 11. Hunting and Meat-Eating Behaviors of Bonobos at Wamba: Comparison With Other Bonobo Study Sites.- Chapter 12. The Puzzle of Pan Tool Use: Why are Bonobos so Different from Chimpanzees in Their Use of Tools .- Chapter 13. A Closer Look at Grooming Patterns in Bonobos.- Chapter 14. Bonobo Gestures, Meanings, and Context.- Chapter 15. Multiple Phases of Natal Transfer Processin Female Bonobos and Factors Underlying Each Phase: Findings from Long-Term Observations in Wild Populations.- Chapter 16. Social Behaviors of Nulliparous Adolescent Female Bonobos.- Chapter 17. Column: What Kinds of Sexual Functions Does Genito-Genital Rubbing Have as a Socio-Sexual Behavior .- Chapter 18. Column: Food Sharing in Rich Environments.- Chapter 19. Column: Staying Together.- Chapter 20. Column: Exploring Bonobo Habitat Use in Wamba: Findings and Implications.- Chapter 21. Aggressive Behaviors and Social Dominance in Bonobos.- Chapter 22. Social Relationships in Female Bonobos.- Chapter 23. Intermale Relationships in Wild Bonobos at Wamba.- Chapter 24. Potential Benefits of Intergroup Associations and Chronological Changes of Intergroup Relationships in Bonobos.- Chapter 25. Column: From Nests and Videos to Wamba Bonobos.- Chapter 26. Column: Intergroup Aggression in Bonobos at Wamba.- Chapter 27. History of Anthropological Studies Around Wamba.- Chapter 28. SubsistenceActivities and Forest Utilization Among the Bongando People before and after the Congo War.- Chapter 29. Change of the Distribution Network Around the Wamba Region.- Chapter 30. Empowering Local Associations for Sustainable Local Development: The Case of a Collaborative Project in the Wamba Region.- Chapter 31. Taboo Against Eating Bonobos and its Degradation.- Chapter 32. The Importance of Monitoring Bonobos and Their Habitats for Informing Bonobo-Specific Conservation Prioritization and Planning.- Chapter 33. Column: A Bonobo Funeral: Relationships between Researchers and Local People as Exemplified in a Funeral Speech.- Chapter 34. Column: My First Ever Conservation Practice on African Great Apes; Bonobos in Wamba.- Chapter 35. Column: Re-Considering the Potential Geographic Distribution of Great Apes for Conservation Action: What is Suitable .- Chapter 36. The Influence of the Congo River on the Evolutionary Trajectory of Bonobos.- Chapter 37. The Evolution of Empathy and its Expression in Bonobo.- Chapter 38. Hypotheses for the Evolution of Bonobos: Self-Domestication and Ecological Adaptation.- Chapter 39.Prolonged Sexual Receptivity in Females and its Impact on the Evolution of Bonobos.Springer-Verlag KG, Sachsenplatz 4-6, 1201 Wien 612 pp. Englisch.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, 2024

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato
    • Print on Demand

    Da: Majestic Books, Hounslow, Regno UnitoMajestic Books

    Venditore con 4 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 300,22

    EUR 7,57 spedizione 
    Spedito da Regno Unito a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 4 disponibili

    Condizione: New. Print on Demand.

  • Lingua: Inglese

    Editore: Springer, 2024

    9819947871 / 9789819947874

    • Rilegato
    • Print on Demand

    Da: Biblios, frankfurt am main, HESSE, GermaniaBiblios

    Venditore con 4 stelle
    Contatta il venditore

    Condizione: Nuovo

    EUR 309,30

    EUR 9,95 spedizione 
    Spedito da Germania a U.S.A.

    Quantità: 4 disponibili

    Condizione: New. PRINT ON DEMAND.