Gell mann m (20 risultati)

Condizione: Good. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. In good all round condition. No dust jacket. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,450grams, ISBN:9780349106496. …

Condizione: Good. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has hardback covers. In good all round condition. Dust jacket in good condition. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,950grams, ISBN:9780316907415.…

Condizione: Good. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has hardback covers. In good all round condition. Dust jacket in good condition. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,950grams, ISBN:9780316907415.…

Condizione: Fair. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. Clean from markings. In fair condition, suitable as a study copy. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,400grams, ISBN:9780349106496.…

Hard cover. Condizione: Fine in fine dust jacket. Counterpoint ed. Sewn binding. Cloth over boards. 174 p. Contains: Illustrations. Audience: General/trade. No previous owner's name. Clean, tight pages. slightly cocked No remainder mark. EB 109. Shortt, T M, and Rorer, Abigail (illustratore).

Hardcover. Condizione: Very Good. 1st Edition. 181 Pp. Hardcover. Gift Inscription. First Printing (No Later Printing Indicated, No Number Line). Color Faded On Spine But Lettering Clear. Small Fray At Lower Front Tip.

Amsterdam, Contact, 1994. (XVIII) 396 pp. Paperback. *goede staat*.

brossura paperback. Condizione: Good. Cod. int.gz60Condizioni:Come nuovo, timbro sull'occhielloAutore:M. Gell-Mann, D.A. Lane, M.A. Villamira, D. Watts, Pier Mario Biava, R. Morelli, M.R. Parsi di LodroneLingua:italianoPubblicazioneMilano : B. Mondadori, 2002Descrizione::130 p. ; 17 cm.; brossuraISBN :8842493899  -  9788842493891. Book. …

Hardcover. 150 p. Good condition. The reading pages are clean and unmarked. Slight signs of storage and use. Retired library copy with corresponding labelling. Without dust jacket. Otherwise a good copy. Sprache: Englisch Gewicht in Gramm: 1000.

Hardcover. Condizione: Very Good. Condizione sovraccoperta: Very Good. 1st Edition. VERY GOOD/VERY GOOD; inside the pages are clean and unmarked and the binding is tight; the dust jacket is in very good condition with a few small chips missing from the top edge and is unclipped ($9.50); many articles by various physicists concerning the present (1954) situation in particle physics; 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall Size: 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.…

Soft cover. Condizione: Very Good. GELL-MANN, M. and M.L. Goldhaber and W.E. Thirring, "Use of Causality Conditions in Quantum Theory", in Physical Review, volume 95, number 6, 15 September 1954, pp 1612-1627 in the issue of pp 1365-1753.Very good copy in original wrappers. Abstract: "The limitations on scattering amplitudes imposed by causality requirements are deduced from the demand that the commutator of field operators vanish if the operators are taken at points with space-like separations. The problems of the scattering of spin-zero particles by a force center and the scattering of photons by a quantized matter field are discussed. The causality requirements lead in a natural way to the well-known dispersion relation of Kramers and Kronig. A new sum rule for the nuclear photoeffect is derived and the scattering of photons by nucleons is discussed."--Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data.…

Soft cover. Condizione: Near Fine. 1st Edition. First edition, journal issue in original printed wrappers - "Invention and exploration of the renormalization group" (IHEP's Chronology of Milestone Events in Particle Physics). "This paper is one of the most important ever published in quantum field theory. To give you objective evidence of how much this paper has been read, I may mention that I went to the library to look at it again the other day to check whether something was in it and the pages fell out of the journal. And it is one of the very few papers for which I know the literature citation by heart. (And all the others are by me.). This paper has a strange quality. It gives conclusions which are enormously powerful; it's really quite surprising when you read it that anyone could reach such conclusions. The input seems incommensurate with the output. The paper seems to violate what one might call the First Law of Progress in Theoretical Physics, the Conservation of Information" (Steven Weinberg, 'Why the renormalization group is a good thing', in Asymptotic Realms of Physics, Essays in Honor of Francis E. Low. Edited by Alan H. Guth, Kerson Huang, and Robert L. Jaffe. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1983). The "renormalization group refers to a formal apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies . . . As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable couplings which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances. For example, in QED an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the dressed electron seen at large distances, and this change, or 'running', in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation" (Wikipedia). Large 8vo, pp. 1115-1364. Original printed wrappers (upper outer corner bumped, slight darkening at spine and edges).…

Soft cover. Condizione: Near Fine. The Renormalization Group// GELL-MANN, M. and F.E. Low,  "Quantum Electrodynamics at Small Distances", in Physical Review, volume 95 #5, pp 1300-1312, 1 September 1954.  Very good (and a little better than that) copy in wrappers.  From the library of Al Wattenberg.  Reproduced in Murray Gell-Mann, Selected Papers (World Scientific), 2010, pp 52ff. …

Hardcover. Condizione: Very Good. GELL-MANN, M. "Symmetries of Baryons and Mesons" in Physical Review volume 125, pp 1067-1084,issues 1-6, 2232pp. Offered here is the entire wrist-breaking volume (6 lbs!) bound in cloth, with the original wrappers bound in. Ex-library, with a few stamps, plus two library rubberstamps on the front wrappers of each issue. Fresh copies. +++ Gell-Mann was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1969 "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions". See Ezhela, Particle Physics, One Hundred Years of Discoveries, an Annotated Chronological Bibliography, pp 186-187.…

Condizione: Near Fine. Lancaster, PA 1953 first edition. American Physical Society. 4to green wraps. Vol 90 second series number 3. Issue paginated pp. 393-501. Brueckner / Gell-Mann article pp. 476-478. Gell-Mann would later be awarded the Nobel in Physics in 1969 for his work. Near Fine. backstrip faded somewhat but spine lettering easily legible. No owner marks.…

Condizione: Gut. Piper, Mchn. 1994. 528 S. Ppbd. mit Schutzumschl. / 7715 Mit Ausnahme von Direkt-Recycling Materialien erfolgt der Versand ohne Einsatz von Kunststoffen. Sprache: Deutsch.

1st Edition. RARE FIRST EDITION, FIRST ISSUE of the INTRODUCTION OF THE YANG-MILLS QUANTUM MECHANICAL THEORY. Also included in this volume is the paper in which Gell-Mann and Goldberger introduce crossing symmetry. "It is shown that an exact calculation in quantum field theory gives results identical with those obtained by classical methods or else by use of the Dirac equation with an anomalous Pauli moment" (Abstract). Also included is an important paper by Gian Carlo Wick introducing Wick's Theorem, a method of reducing high-order derivatives to a combinatorics problem used extensively in quantum field theory. YANG-MILLS THEORY: The Yang-Mills theory is now the foundation of most of elementary particle theory; it is the mathematical foundation underlying "three of the four fundamental forces of nature that physicists succeeded in unifying in the last half of the 20th century: electromagnetism, the 'weak force' responsible for radioactive decay, and the 'strong force' responsible for holding the nuclei of atoms together" (Gale, World of Mathematics Summary). Yang and Mills proposed a tensor equation that relies on a quantum mechanical property called the 'mass gap.' "The laws of quantum physics stand to the world of elementary particles in the way that Newton's laws of classical mechanics stand to the macroscopic world. Almost half a century ago, Yang and Mills introduced a remarkable new framework to describe elementary particles using structures that also occur in geometry. The successful use of Yang-Mills theory (now widely tested and affirmed) to describe the strong interactions of elementary particles depends on a subtle quantum mechanical property called the "mass gap:" the quantum particles have positive masses, even though the classical waves travel at the speed of light. This property has been discovered by physicists from experiment and confirmed by computer simulations, but it still has not been understood from a theoretical point of view. Progress in establishing the existence of the Yang-Mills theory and a mass gap and will require the introduction of fundamental new ideas both in physics and in mathematics" (Clay Mathematics Institute). CONDITION & DETAILS: Lancaster: American Physical Society. Volume 96. 4to. This volume includes the October to December issues of 1954, six in total. The front wrap of each issue is included; each with a library stamp in the upper right corner. The wraps are otherwise pristine. A pictorial bookplate appears on the front wrap and a small stamp on the front flyleaf. There are no spine markings at all. Tightly and solidly bound in brown buckram. The journal papers are bright and very clean throughout. Very good + condition.…

1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF 3 SIGNIFICANT PAPERS: GELL-MANN & LOW'S THEOREM, STERNHEIMER ON SHIELDING & ANTI-SHIELDING, & SCHWINGER ON PHENOMENOLOGICAL NEUTRON-PROTON INTERACTION. GELL-MANN & LOW: Tackling formalism and the bound-state problem, Gell-Mann and Low's paper is Nobel Prize winner Gell-Mann's first published paper. The theorem and formal derivation they achieve is a "cornerstone in quantum field theory and zero-temperature many-body theory" (Molinari, Journal of Mathematics, 48, 2007). In quantum field theory, the Gell-Mann and Low theorem "allows one to relate the ground (or vacuum) state of an interacting system to the ground state of the corresponding non-interacting theory. The theorem is useful because, among other things, by relating the ground state of the interacting theory to its non-interacting ground state, it allows one to express Green's functions (which are defined as expectation values of Heisenberg-picture fields in the interacting vacuum) as expectation values of interaction picture fields in the non-interacting vacuum. While typically applied to the ground state, the Gell-Mann and Low theorem applies to any eigenstate of the Hamiltonian. Its proof relies on the concept of starting with a non-interacting Hamiltonian and adiabatically switching on the interactions"; the proof is based on Dyson's time-ordered expansion of the propagator; a proof based on exact identities for the time propagator is here given" (Wikipedia; Molinari). STERNHEIMER: Physicists knew that electrons of any given ion interacted with the quadrupolar field of the nucleus as well as with the local electrostatic potential. With respect to NMR issues, though, an important question remained: "What part of the energy of the system ion plus nuclear quadrupole moment plus local field depends on the orientation of the nucleus?" (Solid State Physics, 5, 347). Sternheimer was the first to study questions of this nature. Sternheimer found that "a perturbing potential, whether originating within an ion or outside it, polarizes the spherically symmetric complete shells of electrons. The complete shells, having thus lost their spherical symmetry, contribute destructively (shielding) or constructively (antishielding) to the perturbing potential at any site. The reduction or enhancement of the perturbing potential, the so called Sternheimer effect, could be accounted for in terms of some parameters" (Dekeyser, Electron Emission Spectroscopy, 250). To this day, the two Sternheimer shielding factors are still taken into account when core electrons are near an electric field gradient, Sternheimer shielding and anti-shielding factors. One is "associated with charges which are on the atom (or ion) in question, and one associated with more distant charges" (Vij, Handbook, 92). SCHWINGER & FESHBACH: "This paper describes the calculations and results obtained in fitting a phenomenological interaction to the properties of the deuteron and related low energy phenomena" (Schwinger and Feshbach, Phys. Rev. 84, 194). Together, Schwinger and Feshbach "solved the problem of the deuteron ground state and numerically calculated the quadrupole moment, effective range and relative probabilities for the system remaining in a D-angular momentum state, as well as the cross sections for photoelectric disintegration of deuterons" (Mehra, Climbing the Mountain, 163). While their calculations are now mainly of "historical interest only", Schwinger and Feshbach made their calculations on Harvard's first 'computing machine' - an IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator/Mark I; as well, they were among the first to use it (ibid). That machine is now on display in Harvard's Science Center. CONDITION & DETAILS: Lancaster: American Physical Society. Original wraps, complete. Two nearly invisible stamp on front wrap; professionally rebacked at the spine. 4to (10.5 x 8 inches; 263 x 200mm). Near fine condition inside and out.…

Offprint from Annual Review of Nuclear Science 4 (1954). 219-270pp. 219 x 151 mm. Original printed wrappers. From the library of Nobel laureate Owen Chamberlain (1920-2006), with his signature on the front wrapper. Very good. First edition, offprint issue. Gell-Mann, the physicist who coined the term "quark," received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions.…

FIRST EDITION OF MURRAY GELL-MANN'S SEMINAL PAPER POSITING THE IDEA OF 'QUARKS' INSIDE THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS. Bound full volume. Gell-Mann took nearly a year to write this short, Nobel Prize winning paper, and yet in it, three quarks later named 'up,' 'down,' and 'strange' "explained phenomena that theorists had been puzzling over for years" (Crease, The Second Creation, 283). "A landmark in contemporary physics, the eight-paragraph note is a model of scientific prose: brief, logical, achingly clear, so tightly and modestly drawn that its full scope may elude the reader. In the first line, the author sets forth his intention: "If we assume that the strong interactions of baryons and mesons are correctly described in terms of the broken eightfold way, we are tempted to look for some fundamental explanation of the situation." And then he did just that. Gell-Mann's paper "explained how various combinations of three particles from a triplet could produce baryons (such as protons and neutrons), while two members from the triplet could combine to form a meson (the most famous example at the time being the pi meson, or pion). Maintaining standard electric charges required a fourth particle for this approach to work, Gell-Mann noted in his paper. But "a simpler and more elegant scheme can be constructed if we allow non-integral values for the charges," he wrote. "We then refer to the members . of the triplet as 'quarks.'" Gell-Mann "proposed the quark hypothesis to account for the explosion of subatomic particles discovered in accelerator and cosmicray experiments during the 1950s and early 1960s. Over a hundred new particles, most of them strongly interacting and very short-lived, had been observed. These particles, called hadrons, are not elementary; they possess a definite size and internal structure, and most can be transformed from one state into another. "The quark hypothesis suggested that different combinations of three quarks-the up (u), down (d), and strange (s) quarks-and their antiparticles could account for all of the hadrons then known. Each quark has an intrinsic spin of 1/2 unit and is presumed to be elementary, like the electron. So far, quarks appear to have no size or internal structure and thus represent the smallest known constituents of matter. To explain the observed spectrum of hadrons, quarks had to have electric charges that are fractions of the electron charge. The u quark has charge 2/3 while the d and s quarks have charges 1/3 (in units where the electron charge is 1). "The observed hadron spectrum agreed remarkably well with the expected states formed from combinations of three quarks or a quark-antiquark pair. Quarks also seemed to form a counterpart to the other class of elementary particles, the leptons, which then included the electron (e) and muon (µ) (both with unit charge) and their companion chargeless neutrinos, e and µ. The leptons do not feel the strong interaction, but they do participate in the electromagnetic interactions and the weak interaction responsible for radioactive decays. They have the same spin as the quarks and also have no discernible size or internal structure" (Carithers & Grannis, SLAC: Discovery of the Top Quark, 6). In 1969, Gell-Mann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions" (Nobel Media). CONDITION & DETAILS: Complete volume containing Vol. 8, Nos 1-5 (Jan.-March, 1964). Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1964. Ex-libris bookplate and pocket from General Electric General Engineering Laboratory. Quarto, full brown cloth library binding. Slight scuffing at the foot of the spine; gilt-lettered at the spine. Fine.…