hailmann 1836 1920 (3 risultati)

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Condizione: New. Print on Demand pp. 152.

34 volumes. (7 x 7 inches to 10 2/3 x 13 inches). Extraordinary collection of 28 art albums from Froebel's beautiful Kindergarten "gifts," with over 1,230 beauty forms, or examples of vernacular artwork. These visual exercises developed for children left an indelible mark on the luminaries of twentieth-century art and architecture. The albums come with a manuscript book of Froebelian lesson plans, a Milton Bradley catalog selling a line of Froebel products, and three contemporary books of Kindergarten educational theory. "Come let us live with our children." - Friedrich Froebel In the 1830s, German pedagogue Friedrich Froebel developed an educational system for young children based on the use of twenty "gifts," a sequence of simple educational toys using blocks, sticks, tiles, paper, sewing kits, dried peas, and other craft supplies. Using these gifts, the students would "create pictures or structures that fit into three fundamental categories - forms of nature (or life), forms of knowledge (or science), and forms of beauty (or art)." [Brosterman] The visual albums in this collection are full of the beauty forms created by these students out of Froebel's gifts. By the 1850s, the system was in widespread use in Europe. "Kindergarten," as Froebel called the system, caught on in the United States starting in 1860, with the first English-speaking Kindergarten then opening in Boston, though a German-speaking Kindergarten opened as early as 1836 in Columbus, Ohio. Lithographer and toy manufacturer Milton Bradley "developed an early interest in educational theory and in 1869 published the first American book on Kindergartens: Wiebe's The Paradise of Childhood and throughout the years Bradley's company produced a large amount of educational material for Kindergartens and primary schools, including books, magazines, demonstration equipment, and art supplies." [Last] Bradley began issuing comprehensive catalogs of such materials, one of which is in the present collection. After Bradley exhibited the educational system at the 1876 Centennial in Philadelphia, other commercial agents began marketing materials for making Froebel's Kindergarten gifts, including pre-cut strips and "mats" of glazed paper, known today as color-aid, as well as blank concertina-fold brown cloth albums for mounting and displaying a pupil's finished works. In Froebel's pedagogy, a student progressed through a series of twenty "gifts" or "occupations," with each step of the progression becoming more complex. The gifts in order comprised: 1. Variously colored soft balls. 2. A wooden sphere, cylinder, and cube. 3-6. Wooden blocks, starting with a cube composed of eight smaller cubes and proceeding to more complex structures, ending with a three-inch cube divided into thirty-six different rectangles. 7. Parquetry, i.e. quadrangular and triangular tiles of colored paper or wood. 8. Stick laying. 9. Ring laying. 10. Drawing. 11. Paper pricking. 12. Paper sewing. 13. Paper cutting. 14. Paper weaving. 15. Slats. 16. Jointed slats. 17. Interlacing. 18. Folding. 19. Peas-work. 20. Modeling clay. The present collection of 28 visual albums, 1 manuscript lesson book, 3 books of educational theory, Froebel's autobiography, and a Milton Bradley trade catalog includes examples of Froebel's paper-related occupations: pricking, sewing, cutting, weaving, folding, and interlacing. These gifts, with the exception of paper pricking, especially emphasize color: "Although Froebel deemed color so important for infant development that he included it as a feature in the first gift, it was in the paper occupations where color in the kindergarten really exploded." [Brosterman] Gifts taught children counting, progression, method, composition, planning, and creativity; they also developed fine-motor skills, dexterity, and concentration. The present collection principally consists of albums likely created by teachers as examples for their students and for other teachers, though student work is also represent.