Pascal blaise onfray rené (1 risultati)
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Alencon Poulet-Malassis, 1949, 4°, 5 fl., 89 pp., 14 Manuskript-Faksimiles ('Pensées'), 15 Abbildungen, PappBd. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) - "For some experts, the headaches which afflicted Pascal are generally attributed to his brain lesions. In this context, it is relevant to note that Pascal's sudden religious conversion, the…most decisive moment in Pascals life, during the night of November 23-24, 1654, was accompanied by light vision which he interpreted as fire. This led to his total conviction of God's reality and presence. Pascal believed this to be the beginning of a new life. In his memorial he wrote: 'Fire/God of Abraham, God of Isaac, God of Jacob/not of the philosophers and the scientists./Certainty. Certainty' [Fischer, 1971 J. This experience may have been due to the effects of migraine and given spiritual significance by him, similar to the religious visions of Hildegard of Bingen [Podoll et al., 2009]. The Critchley [ 1967] records also reported on Blaise Pascal's strange illusions, explaining that they may have been manifestations of migraine. These unusual illusions consisted of a sudden apprehension of a cavity or yawning precipice on his left side. Also, Pascal produced manuscripts with an extraordinary broad right margin, and in places he would insert peculiar zigzag designs reminiscent of migrainous teichopsiae. These episodes may have been of a homonymous hemianopic nature, not uncommon in migraine. But despite their euphonious attribution by his contemporaries as "L' Abime de Pascal', it is uncertain whether or not they were of migrainous nature [Pearce, 1986]. Looking at the original manuscript of Pascals 'Thoughts on Religion', a facsimile of which was edited by Léon Brunschvicg [1939], confirms Onfray's [1926] observation of wide right margins, which indicates blindness in half of his visual field as he was writing these pages. His handwriting on these pages is poor and sometimes illegible when compared with other samples of his writing. This impaired ability to write highly suggests symptoms of migraine with aura. The drawing in Folio 20 of the original manuscript from 'Thoughts on Religion' was considered by Onfray to represent 'an absolute proof' of Pascal's visual migraine aura experiences. He wrote: 'On page 20 of the manuscript, on a sheet of paper where not a single word is written down, there is a drawing composed of two parts, at the upper right zigzags like those which migraineurs see, and a little deeper down, in the center, a constellation of signs and bars which recall both the letters that are dancing and the luminous spots that are fluttering about in the visual field obscured at the beginning of the attack'. Onfray's interpretation is that zigzags in the upper right corner of the picture and also the pattern of predominantly curved forms in the lower half represent a visual migraine aura experience [Podoll and Robinson, 2002]. The pattern in the lower half of Pascal's drawing is similar to a migraine aura drawn by Ahlenstiel and Kaufmann [1953] that shows multiple rows of basic shapes. Regular patterns like those in Pascal's drawing, although much rarer than the common zigzags of fortification spectra. can nevertheless be experienced as visual hallucinations during a migraine [Podoll and Robinson, 2002]." Julien Bogousslavsky, Michael G. Hennerici, Hansjörg Bäzner, Claudio Bassetti: Neurological Disorders in Famous Artists, Teil 3, p.165.